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"Studi terbaru mendasari pentingnya permeabilitas usus dan inflamasi kronis dalam patogenesis DMT2. Studi kami membandingkan konsentrasi FABP2 dan YKL40 sebagai penanda permeabilitas usus dan peradangan di antara normoglikemia, pradiabetes, dan DMT2. Kami merekrut 122 peserta (45 normoglikemik, 26 pradiabetes, dan 51 DMT2) di antaranya kami mengukur kadar FABP2 dan YKL-40 serum puasa menggunakan metode ELISA. Tingkat FABP2 secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada kelompok DMT2 [2,890(1,880 – 4,070)] dibandingkan dengan kedua pradiabetes [2,025 (1,145 – 2,343), p=0,0085] dan kelompok normoglikemia [1,72 (1,250 – 2,645), p=0,011 ]. Tingkat YKL-40 juga secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada kelompok DMT2 [68,70 (44,61 – 166,6)] dibandingkan dengan kedua pradiabetes [28,85 (20,64 – 41,53), p<0,0001] dan kelompok normoglikemia [28,64 (19,25 – 43,87), p<0,001]. Studi kami mengamati bahwa kadar FABP2 dan YKL-40 tertinggi pada kelompok T2DM yang mendukung bukti yang tersedia tentang peran gangguan permeabilitas usus dan peradangan kronis tingkat rendah dalam patogenesis T2DM.

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Recent studies underlie the importance of intestinal permeability and chronic inflamamation in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Our study compared the concentrations of FABP2 and YKL40 as markers of intestinal permeability and inflammation among normoglycemia, prediabetes and T2DM. We recruited 122 participants (45 normoglycemic,  26 prediabetes, and 51 T2DM) of whom we measured the fasting serum levels of FABP2 and YKL-40 using ELISA method. The levels of FABP2 were significantly higher in the T2DM group [2.890(1.880 – 4.070)] in comparison to both prediabetes [2.025 (1.145 – 2.343), p=0.0085] and normoglycemia group [1.72 (1.250 – 2.645), p=0.011]. The levels of YKL-40 were also significantly higher in the T2DM group [68.70 (44.61 – 166.6)] in comparison to both prediabetes [28.85 (20.64 – 41.53), p<0.0001] and normoglycemia group [28.64 (19.25 – 43.87), p<0.001]. Our study observed that the levels of  FABP2 and YKL-40 were highest in the T2DM group supporting the available evidences on the role of intestinal permeability disruption and chronic low-grade inflammation in the pathogenesis of T2DM."

"Latar Belakang: Terdapat dua jenis obesitas berdasarkan risiko kardiometaboliknya, yaitu metabolically healthy obese (MHO) dan metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Kelompok MUO lebih berisiko mengalami DM tipe 2 karena terdapat resistensi insulin yang dicetuskan endotoksemia metabolik akibat disbiosis usus, melalui peningkatan permeabilitas usus. Belum ada data mengenai perbedaan permeabilitas usus, yang diwakili oleh kadar intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), pada penyandang obesitas dengan dan tanpa DM tipe 2 di Indonesia.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan rerata kadar I-FABP pada penyandang obesitas dengan dan tanpa DM tipe 2 di Indonesia.Metode: Studi potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian Divisi Endokrin, Metabolik, Diabetes FKUI-RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta yang berjudul “Profil Mikrobiota Usus, Mikrobiota Rongga Mulut, Inflamasi, dan Resistensi Insulin pada Berbagai Spektrum Disglikemia” periode Juli 2018-Agustus 2019. Sebanyak 63 subjek obesitas berdasarkan kriteria WHO untuk Asia (IMT ≥25 kg/m2) dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok berdasarkan kriteria ADA: dengan dan tanpa DM tipe 2. Kadar I-FABP diperiksa dengan metode Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analisis data dengan uji T tidak berpasangan untuk perbedaan rerata I-FABP. Uji regresi logistik dilakukan untuk faktor perancu.Hasil: Mayoritas subjek ialah perempuan (82,53%), usia >45 tahun (63,50%), obesitas grade I (54,00%), obesitas sentral (93,70%). Rerata I-FABP pada kelompok dengan DM tipe 2 lebih tinggi, yaitu 2,82 (1,23) ng/mL vs. 1,78 (0,81) ng/mL (p<0,001; IK95% 0,51-1,55). Simpulan: Rerata kadar I-FABP lebih tinggi pada kelompok obesitas dengan DM tipe 2 dan independen terhadap faktor usia.

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Background: There are two types of obesity based on its cardiometabolic risk, which are metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). The MUO exerts higher risk to develop type 2 DM because of higher state of insulin resistance due to metabolic endotoxemia through gut dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability. There is no study regarding the difference of intestinal permeability, using intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), in obese people with and without type 2 DM in Indonesia.

Objective: To know the mean difference of I-FABP in obese people with and without T2DM in Indonesia.

Method: A cross-sectional study using secondary data from the study of Division of Endocrine, Metabolism and Diabetes FMUI-RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta entitled "Profile of the Intestinal Microbiota, Oral Cavity Microbiota, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance in Various Spectrums of Dysglycemia" for the period July 2018-August 2019. A total of 63 obese subjects based on WHO criteria for Asia (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) were divided into 2 groups based on ADA criteria for diabetes: with and without T2DM. The I-FABP levels were checked using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Data was analyzed using unpaired T test for mean difference of I-FABP while logistic regression test was performed for confounding factors.

Results: The majority of the subjects were women (82.53%), age >45 years (63.50%), obesity grade I (54.00%) and central obesity (93.70%). The I-FABP level of T2DM group was higher compared to without T2DM group, namely 2.82 (1.23) ng/mL vs. 1.78 (0.81) ng/mL (p<0.001; 95% CI 0.51-1.55).

Conclusion: The mean level of I-FABP was higher in the obese group with T2DM which is independent of age."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Striktur usus merupakan suatu bentuk komplikasi dari hernia stangulata, yang menyebabkan obstruksi usus setelah beberapa bulan pascaoperasi. Kejadian striktur usus sangat berkaitan dengan fibrosis. Namun tidak semua fibrosis usus akan menjadi striktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran TGF-β, sitoglobin, miR-21, miR-29b sebagai faktor dalam memprediksi striktur usus pada tikus dengan studi eksperimental penjepitan usus.Metode. Studi dilakuakn di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia pada 2018-2019. Hewan coba yang digunakan di dalam penelitian adalah galur Sprague-Dawley dewasa muda berusia 6-8 minggu dengan berat 150-200gram. Tikus di anestesi menggunakan ketamin dan dilakukan laparotomi untuk melakukan tindakan penjepitan pada usus tikus. Penjepitan menggunakan cable tie dengan ukuran diameter lilitan 6 mm dan terlebih dahulu lindungi plastik rigid, pada bagian ileum terminal. Spesimen yang diperoleh berupa bagian usus di antara jepitan sepanjang 1 cm serta darah dari jantung pada jam ke-6 dan ke-24. Untuk pemeriksaan histopatologi diberikan pulasan hematoksilin-eosin dan Masson trichrome. Analisa serum biokimia menggunakan RT-PCR dan ELISA.Hasil. Serat kolagen ditemukan bermakna pada perlakuan jam ke-6 vs kontrol (10.66±4.66; p<0.05) dan jam ke-24 vs kontrol (17.98±6.93; p<0.01) serta deposit serat kolagen paling banyak terdapat pada lapisan submukosa. Deposisi kolagen usus diikuti peningkatan konsentrasi miR-21 baik pada serum (med.6jam=54.25; p>0.05&med.24jam=37 ;p>0.05) maupun jaringan (med.6jam=21.9; p<0.05&med.24jam=144 ;p>0.05) Deposisi kolagen usus diikuti peningkatan miR-29b baik serum (med.6jam=631.5; p>0.05 & med.24jam=863.5 ; p>0.05) maupun jaringan (med.6jam = 675; p>0.05& med.24jam=759.5 ; p>0.05). Deposisi kolagen usus diikuti dengan peningkatan yang bermakna pada TGF-β serum (medp.6jam= 32.85; p<0.05&med.24jam = 24.87; p<0.05) maupun jaringan (medp.6jam=14.8; p<0.05&med.24jam=58.32; p<0.05). Deposisi kolagen usus diikuti dengan peningkatan bermakna sitoglobin serum (medp.6jam=162.9; p<0.05&medp.24jam=263.72; p<0.05) dan jaringan (medp.6jam=2712.61; p<0.01&medp.24jam=1308.38; p>0.05). Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara serat kolagen dengan TGF-β jaringan (r= 0.436; p=0.033). Uji diagnostik menunjukkan TGF-β serum yang tinggi dan sitoglobin yang tinggi yang diperiksa pada jam ke 24 setelah jepitan memiliki sensitivitas yang tinggi untuk mendeteksi serat kolagen (fisher<0.01; sensitivitas 100%; spesifisitas 63%).Simpulan. Pemeriksaan serum TGF-B dan sitoglobin yang dilakukan secara bersamaan pada waktu 24 jam mempunyai hubungan dengan peningkatan serat kolagen yang berpotensi menjadi fibrosis sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor kejadian striktur usus.

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ABSTARCTBackground. Intestinal stricture has been a troublesome complication following strangulated hernia, which may result in intestinal obstruction after several months postsurgery. The occurrence of intestinal stricture is closely related to fibrosis. Not all of the fibrotic lesions, however, lead to stricture. The present study is aimed to investigate the role of TGF-β, cytoglobin, miR-21, miR-29b and collagen deposition as factors in predicting the occurrence of intestinal stricture in the rats underwent experimental intestinal strangulation.Methods. The study was conducted in Animal Cluster and Laboratories at Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia during 2018-2019. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats of 6-8 weeks old, 150-200 g were used in the study. Following anesthesia with ketamine, the rats were laparotomized and intestinal strangulation was conducted bymeans of a cable tie. Intestinal tissues and blood samples were collected at 6 and 24 hours of strangulation. Tissue samples were stained with Hematoxylin-eosin and Massons trichrome to visualize collagen and pathological alteration. TGF-β, cytoglobin, miR21 and miR29b were determined in blood sera and tissue samples and analyzed using RT-PCR and ELISA.Results. Collagen fiber was found to be significant at the 6th hour vs. control (10.66 ±4.66; p <0.05) and 24th hour vs control (17.98 ± 6.93; p <0.01), most collagen fibers deposit were found in the submucosal layer. Increase in intestinal collagen deposition was followed by an increase in the concentration of miR-21 both in serum (med.t.6 hours = 54.25; p> 0.05 & med. t.24 hours = 37; p> 0.05) and tissue (med.t.6 hours = 21.9; p <0.05 & med.t.24 hours = 144; p> 0.05) Increase in deposition of intestinal collagen followed by an increase in miR-29b both serum (med. t.6 hours = 631.5; p> 0.05 & med. t.24 hours = 863.5; p> 0.05) and tissue (med. t.6 hours = 675; p> 0.05 & med. t.24 hours = 759.5; p> 0.05). Increase in intestinal collagen deposition was followed by a significant increase in serum TGF-β (med.t.6 hours = 32.85; p <0.05 & med.t.24 hours = 24.87; p <0.05) and tissue (med.t.6 hours = 14.8; p <0.05 & med t.24 hours = 58.32 hours); p <0.05). Increase in intestinal collagen deposition was followed by a significant increase in serum cytoglobin (med.t.6 hours = 162.9; p <0.05 & med. t.24 hours = 263.72; p <0.05) and tissue (med.t.6 hours = 2712.61; p <0.01 & med.t.24 hours = 1308.38; p> 0.05). There was a significant correlation between collagen fiber and TGF-β tissue (r= 0.436; p = 0.033). Diagnostically, high serum TGF-β and cytoglobin that were examined at 24 hours after strangulation occur have high sensitivity to detect collagen fiber (fisher <0.01; sensitivity 100%; specificity 63%).Conclusions. Simultaneous increase of serum TGF-β and cytoglobin at 24 hours of strangulation associated with increased collagen fibers may become potential factors in predicting intestinal stricture in the rat underwent experimental strangulated intestines"

"Latar Belakang: Peningkatan konsumsi oksigen selama tindakan bedah risiko tinggi dapat menyebabkan gangguan oksigenasi organ vital, sehingga tubuh akan mengambil kompensasi, misalnya melalui vasokonstriksi splanknik. Saluran cerna akan rentan terhadap kerusakan yang akan mengakibatkan disfungsi gastrointestinal. Lama perawatan ICU dan penggunaan ventilasi mekanik lebih panjang pada pasien-pasien yang mengalami disfungsi gastrointestinal. Oleh karena itu pada pasien yang berisiko perlu mendapat perhatian dan tatalaksana lebih awal.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah kohort prospektif yang dilakukan di RSCM selama bulan Februari sampai Juni 2023 yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran kadar I-FABP plasma, skor SOFA, balans cairan, dan dosis vasopresor dalam memprediksi terjadinya disfungsi gastrointestinal pada pasien pascabedah risiko tinggi yang dirawat di ICU. Sebanyak 66 subyek diambil dengan metode consecutive sampling. Pengambilan data skor SOFA, balans cairan dan dosis vasopresor dilakukan pada saat pasien admisi di ICU, sedangkan kadar I-FABP diukur pada saat admisi dan 24 jam kemudian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan SPSS.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar I-FABP hari ke-0 (p=0,001) dan hari ke-1 (p=0,001), serta skor SOFA (p=0,03) pada subjek yang mengalami disfungsi gastrointestinal dengan yang tidak mengalami disfungsi gastrointestinal. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada balans cairan dan rerata dosis vasopresor pada subjek yang mengalami disfungsi gastrointestinal dengan yang tidak mengalami disfungsi gastrointestinal. Kadar I-FABP plasma, dengan titik potong ≥2.890,27 pg/ml pada hari ke-0 dan ≥1.501,2 pg/ml pada hari ke-1 dapat menjadi prediktor disfungsi gastrointestinal pada pasien pascabedah risiko tinggi yang dirawat di ICU.Simpulan: Kadar I-FABP plasma dapat memprediksi kejadian disfungsi gastro- intestinal pada pasien pascabedah risiko tinggi yang dirawat di ICU.

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Background: Increased oxygen demand during high-risk surgery can lead to impaired oxygenation of vital organs so that the body will compensate, for example, through splanchnic vasoconstriction. The gastrointestinal tract will be prone to injury, resulting in gastrointestinal dysfunction. ICU length of stay and use of mechanical ventilation are longer in patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Therefore, patients who are at risk need to receive early consideration and management.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted at RSCM from February to June 2023, which aims to determine the role of plasma I-FABP levels, SOFA scores, fluid balance, and vasopressor doses in predicting the incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in high-risk surgery patients admitted to the ICU. A total of 66 subjects were taken by consecutive sampling method. SOFA score data, fluid balance, and vasopressor doses were collected at admission to the ICU, while I-FABP levels were measured at admission and 24 hours later. Data analysis was performed with SPSS.

Results: There was a significant difference in I-FABP levels on day 0 (p=0.001) and day 1 (p=0.001) and the SOFA score (p=0.03) in subjects with gastrointestinal dysfunction and those without gastrointestinal dysfunction. There were no significant differences in fluid balance and the average dose of vasopressors in subjects with gastrointestinal dysfunction and those without gastrointestinal dysfunction. Plasma I- FABP levels, with cut points of ≥2,890.27 pg/ml on day 0 and ≥1,501.2 pg/ml on day 1, can be a predictor of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in high-risk surgery patients admitted to the ICU.

Conclusions: Plasma I-FABP levels can predict the incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in high-risk surgery patients admitted to the ICU."

"Latar Belakang. Subjek first degree relatives (FDR) diabetes mellitus (DM) tipe 2 berisiko berkembang menjadi DM tipe 2 dan kejadian aterosklerosis lebih tinggi daripada subjek tanpa riwayat orang tua dengan DM tipe 2. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaaan rerata kadar Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) yang berperan dalam berkembangnya DM tipe 2 maupun aterosklerosis, dan Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) sebagai penanda disfungsi endotel pada kelompok FDR DM tipe 2 dan kelompok non-FDR DM tipe 2. Serta melihat korelasi A-FABP dan ICAM-1 pada FDR DM tipe 2.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari payung penelitian FDR tahun 2018, dengan desain potong lintang, yang memeriksakan kadar A-FABP dan ICAM-1 serum dengan metode sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subjek yang dilibatkan berusia 19 tahun sampai di bawah usia 40 tahun, yang normotensi dan normoglikemia. Serum yang diambil disimpan dalam suhu -80°C. Hasil yang ada dilanjutkan analisis beda rerata dan uji korelasi kelompok FDR dan non-FDR.Hasil dan Diskusi. Dari 115 subjek normoglikemi normotensi, didapatkan kadar A-FABP yang lebih tinggi pada FDR DM tipe 2 dibandingkan non-FDR DM tipe 2 dengan median (rentang interkuartil) berturut-turut 5,44 ng/ml (3,99-6,40) dan 4,99 ng/ml (3,35-6,70), namun tidak bermakna secara statistik (p=0,54). Demikian juga kadar ICAM-1 pada populasi FDR DM tipe 2 yang tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan kelompok non-FDR DM tipe 2, dengan median 276,70 ng/ml (230,60-375,20) dan 272,55 ng/ml (223,95-318,22) berturut-turut (0=0,21). Tidak ditemukan korelasi bermakna A-FABP dan ICAM-1 pada FDR DM tipe 2 (p=0,276).

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Background. The subject of first-degree relatives (FDR) diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 had a risk of developing into type 2 DM and the incidence of atherosclerosis was higher than subjects without parents with type 2 DM. This study aims to see the mean difference of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) level which plays role in the development of type 2 DM and atherosclerosis, and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) level as a marker of endothelial dysfunction between FDR type 2 DM group and the non-FDR type 2 DM group. Moreover, to see the A-FABP and ICAM-1 correlation on FDR DM type 2.

Method. This study is part of FDR study held on 2018. Normotensive and normoglycemic subjects aged 19 to under 40 years old were included. The extracted serum was stored at -80C. Serum A-FABP and ICAM-1 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The results were followed by a mean difference analysis and a correlation test for the FDR and non-FDR groups.

Results and Discussion. Of the 115 subjects, A-FABP levels were higher in FDR type 2 DM than in non-FDR type 2 DM with median (interquartile range) of 5,44 ng/ml (3,99-6,40) and 4,99 ng/ml (3,35-6,70) respectively, and not statistically significant (p=0,54). Likewise, the level of ICAM-1 in FDR type 2 DM subjects was not statistically significant different from non-FDR type 2 DM subjects, with a median of 276.70 ng / ml (230.60-375.20) and 272.55 ng / ml (223.95-318.22) respectively (0 = 0.21). There was no significant correlation between A-FABP and ICAM-1 in FDR type 2 DM (p=0,276).

Conclusion. There were no significant differences of A-FABP and ICAM-1 levels between FDR and non-FDR type 2 DM groups. There were no correlation between A-FABP and ICAM-1 in the FDR type 2 DM group."

"[Infeksi saluran cerna oleh cacing dan protozoa memiliki prevalensi cukup tinggi dan masih menjadi masalah di Indonesia, terutama pada anak-anak. Dengan faktor sampah sebagai sumber penyebaran penyakit infeksi parasit usus, kawasan Bantar Gebang merupakan salah satu kawasan yang berisiko tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka prevalensi infeksi parasit usus pada anak-anak di TPA Bantar Gebang, Bekasi dan hubungannya dengan jarak rumah terhadap Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA). Desain penelitian ialah Cross-Sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada Februari 2012 sampai Juni 2014 di RT 01 RW 01, RT 01 RW 03 dan Sekolah Alam, Desa Ciketing, Kecamatan Sumur Batu, Bantar Gebang, Bekasi dan terkumpul sebanyak 139 responden yang melakukan pemeriksaan feses dan mengisi kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 72,7 % anak-anak di TPA Bantar Gebang terinfeksi parasit usus yang didominasi infeksi protozoa dengan infeksi Blastocystis hominis terbanyak (52,2 %). Data sebaran responden diketahui paling banyak (61,2 %) tinggal pada jarak dekat (kurang dari 10 meter) dengan TPA. Hasil uji Chi-Square, tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara infeksi parasit usus dengan jarak rumah terhadap TPA (p=0,766). Disimpulkan, Prevalensi infeksi parasit usus pada anak-anak di TPA Bantar Gebang adalah 72,7 % dan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara infeksi parasit usus dengan jarak rumah terhadap Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA)., Gastrointestinal worms and protozoa infections have high prevalence and are still problems in Indonesia, especially in children. Waste factor is the source of intestinal parasites infectious disease spread, and Bantar Gebang is one of the high-risk area. This study aims to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in children at Bantar Gebang landfill, Bekasi and its relationship with the distance of home to the landfill (TPA). The study design was cross-sectional. The study was done in February 2012 until June 2014 at RT 01 RW 01, RT 01 RW 03 and Sekolah Alam, Ciketing village, Sumur Batu sub-district , Bantar Gebang, Bekasi, and collected 139 respondents who have stool examination and filled the questionnaire. Results of the study found 72.7 % children at Bantar Gebang landfill infected with intestinal parasites witch is dominated by protozoa infection with the most one is Blastocystis hominis infection (52.2 %). Data distribution of the respondents known most (61.2 %) lived in short distance (<10 meters) with landfill. Results of Chi-Square test, there was no significant relationship between intestinal parasite infection with the distance of home to the landfill (p = 0.766). As the conclusion, prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in children at Bantar Gebang landfill is 72.7 % and there was no significant relationship between intestinal parasite infection with the distance of home to the landfill (TPA).]"

"[ABSTRAKDi Indonesia, kubis sering dikonsumsi mentah sebagai lalapan, hal ini dapat meningkatkan kejadian infeksi parasit usus. Adanya asumsi masayarakat mengenai perbedaan kebersihan antara sayuran dari pasar tradisional dan swalayan. Untuk itu, dilakukan penelitian mengenai prevalensi kontaminasi parasit usus pada sayuran kubis di pasar tradisional dan swalayan Jakarta. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi potong lintang analitik observasional. Sampel sayuran kubis yang berasal dari 20 pasar tradisional dan 20 pasar swalayan Jakarta. 100 gram kubis dari setiap sampel direndam selama 24 jam dengan larutan garam jenuh. Air rendaman disaring kemudian disentrifugasi (teknik sedimentasi). Hasil endapan dilihat dibawah mikroskop untuk identifikasi kontaminasi parasit usus jenis STH dan protozoa. Didapatkan 100% kubis di pasar tradisional dan 90% di pasar swalayan positif terkontaminasi parasit usus. Total jumlah parasit usus yang ditemukan 3530/mL(55,5% pasar tradisional, 44,5% pasar swalayan). Hasil penelitian menunjukan perbedaan yang bermakna antara kontaminasi parasit usus di pasar tradisional dan swalayan(p< 0,05). Telur A.lumbricoides terbanyak ditemukan di kedua jenis pasar. Penggunaan larutan garam jenuh sebagai media perendaman bermakna dibandingkan dengan air sebagai kontrol (p<0,05). Dengan demikian, jenis pasar tempat menjual sayuran kubis bermakna terhadap kontaminasi parasit usus.

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ABSTRACTIn Indonesia, cabbage are often eaten raw as salad, it can increase the incidence of intestinal parasitic infections. An assumption of the community regarding the cleanliness difference between vegetables from traditional markets and supermarkets.Therefore, a research on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic contamination on cabbages in traditional markets and supermarkets Jakarta need to be done. This type of research is observational analytic cross-sectional study. Cabbage samples was taken from 20 traditional markets and 20 supermarkets in Jakarta. 100 gram cabbages from each samples were immersed in saturated salt solution for 24 hours. Soaking water is filtered and then centrifuged (sedimentation technique). Immersion in water was done as a control. Precipitated seen under a microscope to identify the type of intestinal parasites contamination, STH and protozoa. As the results, 100% of cabbage in the traditional markets and 90% in supermarkets were contaminated by intestinal parasites. The total number of intestinal parasites found 3530/mL (55.5% traditional markets, supermarkets 44.5%). The results showed a significant difference between intestinal parasite contamination in traditional markets and supermarkets(p <0.05). The most number eggs contamination are A.lumbricoidesfound in both types of markets. The use of saturated salt solution as an immersion medium significantly compared with water as the control(p <0.05). Thus, the type of marketselling cabbage significantly to contamination of intestinal parasites.;In Indonesia, cabbage are often eaten raw as salad, it can increase the incidence of intestinal parasitic infections. An assumption of the community regarding the cleanliness difference between vegetables from traditional markets and supermarkets.Therefore, a research on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic contamination on cabbages in traditional markets and supermarkets Jakarta need to be done. This type of research is observational analytic cross-sectional study.Cabbage samples was taken from 20 traditional markets and 20 supermarkets in Jakarta. 100 gram cabbages from each samples were immersed in saturated salt solution for 24 hours. Soaking water is filtered and then centrifuged (sedimentation technique). Immersion in water was done as a control. Precipitated seen under a microscope to identify the type of intestinal parasites contamination, STH and protozoa. As the results, 100% of cabbage in the traditional markets and 90% in supermarkets were contaminated by intestinal parasites. The total number of intestinal parasites found 3530/mL (55.5% traditional markets, supermarkets 44.5%). The results showed a significant difference between intestinal parasite contamination in traditional markets and supermarkets(p <0.05). The most number eggs contamination are A.lumbricoidesfound in both types of markets.The use of saturated salt solution as an immersion medium significantly compared with water as the control(p <0.05). Thus, the type of marketselling cabbage significantly to contamination of intestinal parasites., In Indonesia, cabbage are often eaten raw as salad, it can increase the incidence of intestinal parasitic infections. An assumption of the community regarding the cleanliness difference between vegetables from traditional markets and supermarkets.Therefore, a research on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic contamination on cabbages in traditional markets and supermarkets Jakarta need to be done. This type of research is observational analytic cross-sectional study.Cabbage samples was taken from 20 traditional markets and 20 supermarkets in Jakarta. 100 gram cabbages from each samples were immersed in saturated salt solution for 24 hours. Soaking water is filtered and then centrifuged (sedimentation technique). Immersion in water was done as a control. Precipitated seen under a microscope to identify the type of intestinal parasites contamination, STH and protozoa. As the results, 100% of cabbage in the traditional markets and 90% in supermarkets were contaminated by intestinal parasites. The total number of intestinal parasites found 3530/mL (55.5% traditional markets, supermarkets 44.5%). The results showed a significant difference between intestinal parasite contamination in traditional markets and supermarkets(p <0.05). The most number eggs contamination are A.lumbricoidesfound in both types of markets.The use of saturated salt solution as an immersion medium significantly compared with water as the control(p <0.05). Thus, the type of marketselling cabbage significantly to contamination of intestinal parasites.]"

"Self management diabetes berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan outcome klinis. Observasi pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan menunjukkan pelaksanaan edukasi kurang efektif. Inovasi teknologi dapat menjadi alternatif solusi dalam mengatasi masalah ini. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi self management berbasis android terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku self management pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini berdesain quasi eksperimental pre-posttest dengan kelompok kontrol. Partisipan direkrut di poli rawat jalan dan rawat inap sejak Juni-Agustus 2020. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS versi 25 pada 66 responden. Pada analisis bivariat, terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan pada kelompok intervensi di akhir penelitian (p=0,07). Tidak ada pengaruh aplikasi terhadap perilaku self management diabetes (p=0,940). Pada analisis multivariat, didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan aplikasi (p=0,045) dan tingkat pengetahuan sebelumnya (p=0,0001) terhadap tingkat pengetahuan posttest. Aplikasi D-SyIs berpotensi meningkatkan pengetahuan diabetes. Perbaikan desain aplikasi diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas penggunaan aplikasi.

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Self management diabetes has positive impact on increasing clinical outcome. Field observation in healthcare setting showed an ineffective implementation of health education. Technology innovation could be an alternative solution to solve this problem. This research was to examine the effect of android based self management apps towards diabetes self management behavior and diabetes knowledge among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A pre-posttest quasy experimental design with control group is used. Participants were recruited from outpatient and inpatient from June to July 2020. SPSS version 25 was used to analyse 66 participants. In bivariat analysis, there was enhancement of diabetes knowledge in intervention group (p=0,07) at the end of research. There was no significant different in self management (p=0,908). In multivariate analysis, there were significant effect of D-SyIs apps (p=0,045) and previous diabetes knowledge (p=0,0001) towards diabetes knowledge. This apps has potential effects to increase diabetes knowledge. Upgrading the app design is needed to increase the apps effectiveness."

"Diabetes Melitus DM penyakit kronis yang membutuhkan terapi jangka panjang dan intervensi untuk adaptasi perubahan gaya hidup dan pengobatan untuk meningkatkan target terapi. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konseling oleh apoteker pada perbaikan kepatuhan, kadar HbA1c dan kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2 di RSUD Kota Depok. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain pretest-posttest control group design pada 81 responden dengan alat ukur pill count untuk kepatuhan, pemeriksaan darah untuk kadar HbA1c dan kuesioner EQ-5D-5L untuk kualitas hidup. Karakteristik sosiodemografi dan klinis responden DM tipe 2 di RSUD Kota Depok antara kelompok uji dan kontrol tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan p>0,05 . Pasien kelompok uji menunjukkan peningkatan kepatuhan terapi, penurunan kadar HbA1c dan peningkatan kualitas hidup secara signifikan, sementara pada kelompok kontrol hanya kadar HbA1c peningkatan yang signifikan sementara kepatuhan dan kualitas hidup tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan. Kepatuhan terapi responden dipengaruhi oleh konseling apoteker secara signifikan. Kadar HbA1c responden dipengaruhi oleh kepatuhan terapi dan pola makan secara signifikan. Kualitas hidup responden berdasarkan nilai deskriptif dan nilai VAS dipengaruhi oleh kadar HbA1c secara signifikan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan konseling oleh apoteker menyebabkan perbaikan pada kepatuhan, kadar HbA1c dan kualitas hidup responden pasien DM tipe 2 di RSUD Kota Depok.

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Diabetes Mellitus DM a chronic disease requiring long term therapy and interventions for the adaptation of lifestyle changes and medications to improve therapeutic targets. The aim of this research is to know the influence of counseling by pharmacist on improvement of adherence, HbA1c level and quality of life of DM type 2 patient in RSUD Kota Depok. The research was done by pretest posttest control group design design on 81 respondents with pill count methods for adherence, blood tests for HbA1c levels and EQ 5D 5L questionnaires for quality of life. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of DM type 2 respondents in RSUD Kota Depok between test and control group were not significantly different p 0,05 . Patients in the test group showed improved adherence to therapy, decreased HbA1c levels and improved quality of life significantly, while in the control group only HbA1c levels were a significant increase while adherence and quality of life did not show significant change. Adherence of respondents influenced by pharmacist counseling significantly. HbA1c levels of respondents is influenced by adherence of therapy and diet significantly. The quality of life of respondents based on descriptive value and VAS value influenced by HbA1c level significantly. The results of this study can be concluded by the pharmacist counseling led to improvements in adherence, HbA1c levels and quality of life of DM type 2 patients in Depok City Hospital. "

"ABSTRAKPrediabetes merupakan golden period dalam menunda terjadinya diabetes melitus tipe 2karena pada periode ini perjalanan penyakit masih bisa dihentikan.Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak stres pada konversi prediabetes menjadi diabetesmelitus tipe 2 pada orang dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohortretrospektif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari Studi Kohort Faktor Risikountuk Penyakit Tidak Menular di Bogor, Indonesia. Pengumpulan data pada penelitianini dilakukan sejak 2011 hingga 2015 dengan total populasi 5.890. Berdasarkan kriteriaeksklusi dan inklusi, total subjek penelitian adalah 1059. Selama 5 tahun pengamatan, diantara subjek usia dewasa prediabetik ada 169 subjek yang dikategorikan sebagaiT2DM dan 219 subjek dikategorikan sebagai stres. Analisis bivariat menunjukkanbahwa stres dan usia pada awal merupakan faktor risiko pada konversi pradiabetesmenjadi T2DM (p <0,05). Model akhir pada analisis multivariat, menunjukkan hazardrasio stres sebesar 1,815 (95% CI: 1,307 - 2,520) dengan p <0,05. Temuan ini,diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai informasi dan motivasi dalam upaya melakukanpencegahan dan pengendalian T2DM. Terutama pada individu dengan prediabetes yangmenderita stres karena memiliki pengaruh terhadap konversi prediabetes menjadiT2DM.

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ABSTRACTPrediabetes is a golden period in delaying the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitusbecause in this period the course of the disease can still be stopped. The study aim wasto knowing the impact of stress on the conversion of prediabetes to type 2 diabetesmellitus in adults. This study used retrospective cohort design. The data used aresecondary data from the Cohort Study of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseasesin Bogor, Indonesia. Data collection in this study was carried out since 2011 until 2015with a total population of 5890. Based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria, the totalof study participants were 1059. During 5 years of follow-up, among prediabetic adultsthere were 169 subjects categorized as T2DM and 219 subjects categorized as stressed.Bivariate analysis shows that stress and age at baseline is a risk factor on the conversionof prediabetes to T2DM (p < 0,05). Final model on multivariate analysis, shows thehazard ratio of stress was 1.815 (95% CI: 1.307 - 2.520) with p < 0.05. This findings,expected to be used as information and motivation in an effort to make prevention andcontrol of T2DM. Especially in individuals with prediabetes who suffer from stressbecause it has an impact with conversion of prediabetes to T2DM."