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"Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini merupakan laporan dari rangkaian kegiatan praktik residensi Ners Spesialis Keperawatan Medikal Bedah, dengan penerapan Teori Virginia Henderson pada proses keperawatan pasien gangguan sistem kardiovaskular, penerapan praktik keperawatan berdasarkan pembuktian, dan melakukan inovasi keperawatan. Pengkajian pasien dengan teori Virginia Henderson berfokus pada 14 kebutuhan dasar pasien. Dimana kebutuhan pasien sama dengan kebutuhan pada manusia sehat umumnya. Asumsi utama dalam teori Orlando sesuai dengan konsep utama yaitu person (manusia), kesehatan dan keperawatan dan lingkungan. Kebutuhan untuk dibantu (diagnosis keperawatan) yang umum terjadi pada pasien antara lain : penurunan curah jantung, gangguan pertukaran gas, inefektif bersihan jalan napas, risiko perdarahan, nyeri akut dan risiko infeksi. Pelaksanaan praktik keperawatan berdasarkan pembuktian, dilakukan untuk pengelolaan kecemasan pada pasien ACS. Intervensi dilakukan dengan memberikan stimulasi murottal Al-Qur`an dengan durasi 30 menit. Pelaksanaan inovasi keperawatan berupa optimalisasi pemberian asuhan keperawatan dimensi spiritual pasien dengan gangguan sistem kardiovaskular di ICVCU RSJPDHK.

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This scientific work is report from series of practice residency Nurse Medical Surgical Nursing Specialist, by implementing The Virginia Henderson`s Theory at nursing process with cardiovascular disorder, implementation of nursing practical based on evidence and making innovation in nursing. Assessment to patient with Virgini Henderson`s Theory was focusing fourteen  basic patient  needs. Where are same basic need of patients with healthy human needs. The assumption in Virginia Henderson`s theory according with the main concept, i.e person (human), environment, health and nurse. The need to get help (diagnostic of nursing) generally happened to patient, i.e.: decreased of cardiac output, impaired gas exchange, ineffective airway clearance, risk of hemorrhage, acute pain, and risk for infection. Implementation of nursing practical based on evidence, has to done to reducing patient anxiety Acute Coronary Syndrome. Intervention was done Al-Qur`an stimulation up to 30 minutes. Implementation of nursing innovation in form of optimization of the spiritual dimension of nursing care at patient with Cardiovascular`s system disorder in cardiovascular Hospital Harapan Kita Jakarta."

"Praktik Residensi Keperawatan Medikal Bedah merupakan suatu rangkaian kegiatan megister dan Spesialis Keperawatan yang dilaksanakan di tempat pelayanan Kesehatan. Praktik residensi keperawatan medikal bedah berfokus pada penerapan ilmu, riset dan teknologi keperawatan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dasar pada pasien dewasa dengan gangguan kardiovaskuler secara komprehensif. Praktik klinik keperawatan medical bedah peminatan kardiovaskuler dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita (RSJPHK) Jakarta, dengan pemberian asuhan keperawatan menggunakan pendekatan teori Virginia Henderson pada satu kasus kelolaan dengan diagnose medis UAP TIMI 2/7 GRACE 139 CRUSADE 57, AV Block derajat 1, LBBB ect NSTEMI Dengan Riwayat CABG x2 (SVG-OM, SVG-LAD) dan AVR mekanikAV block grade I dan 30 kasus resume. Penerapan Evidance Based Nursing (EBN) dengan menggunakan intervensi single session 20-minute mindful Breathing untuk mengurangi keluhan dyspnea pada pasien cute Decompensatio Heart Failure (ADHF). Residensi juga melakukan inovasi yaitu penerapan aplikasi assasement pressure injury pada pasien perioperative menggunakan Scale Munro sebagai instrument pencegahan terjadinya pressure injury pada pasien rencana operasi bedah jantung

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Medical Surgical Nursing Residency Practice is a series of activities for megisters and Nursing Specialists carried out in Health care facilities. The practice of medical surgical nursing residency focuses on the application of science, research and nursing technology in meeting the basic needs of adult patients with cardiovascular disorders in a comprehensive manner. Cardiovascular medical surgical nursing clinical practice is carried out at Heart and Vascular Hospital Harapan Kita (RSJPHK) Jakarta, by providing nursing care using the Virginia Henderson theoretical approach in one managed case with a medical diagnosis of UAP TIMI 2/7 GRACE 139 CRUSADE 57, AV Block degree 1, LBBB ect NSTEMI With History of CABG x2 (SVG-OM, SVG-LAD) and mechanical AVRAV block grade I and 30 cases resumed. Implementation of Evidence Based Nursing (EBN) using a single session 20-minute mindful breathing intervention to reduce complaints of dyspnea in cute Decompensation Heart Failure (ADHF) patients. The residency also made innovations, namely the application of pressure injury assessment applications in perioperative patients using the Munro scale as an instrument for preventing pressure injury in patients planning cardiac surgery."

"Penyakit jantung koroner merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu di Amerika Serikat. Penyakit jantung koroner disertai peyakit pembuluh darah otak merupakan penyebab kematian nomor 1 di ikuti oleh penyakit penyerta stroke (16,8%), tekanan darah tinggi(9,4%) dan penyakit arteri (3,1%). Perawat spesialis merupakan bagian dari tim kesehatan yang berperan memberikan asuhan keperawatan komprehensif sehingga menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien. Perawat spesialis memiliki peran sebagai pelaksana asuhan keperawatan langsung, educator dan peneliti keperawatan. Pelaksana asuhan keperawatan langsung dilakukan dengan memberikan asuhan keperawatan kepada 30 pasien resume dan 1 pasien kelolaan utama yang mengalami masalah gangguan kardiovaskuler. peran sebagai educator dilakukan dengan memberikan edukasi kepada pasien dan keluarga tentang penyakit jantung dan perawatannya baik di rumah sakit maupun di rumah setelah pulang rawat. Peran sebagai perawat peneliti dilaksanakan dengan penerapan EBN dan proyek inovasi selama proses residensi. Hasil akhir dari proses residensi ini menunjukkan bahwa Teori Selfcare Deficit dari Orem relevan dan sangat bermanfaat untuk diterapkan pada pasien dengan gangguan kardiovaskuler, EBN dapat diterapkan dengan memberikan terapi oksigen sesuai kebutuhan pasien dan hasil dari proyek inovasi dapat diterapkan pada pasien SKA, khususnya STEMI paska PCI, untuk mempertahankan fungsi jantung secara optimal.

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Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the number one cause of death in United States of America. CHD accompanied by cerebral vascular disease is the number one cause of death, followed by stroke (16,8%), hypertension heart disease (9,4%) and arterial disease (3,1%). Specialist nurse are part of the health team whose role is to provide comprehensive nursing care to reduce patients morbidity and mortality. Specialist nurses have a role as a direct nursing care, as a educator and researcher nurses. Direct nursing care do by given nursing care for 30 resume patients and one major case patient. Nurse educator doing by give education for patients and family about heart disease and how to care in hospital and home. Nurse researcher role implemented through Evidence Based Nursing and innovation project during residention process.The end result of residency practice shown that Selfcare Deficit Theory Orem relevant and very good to implemented foor patients with cardiovascular disorder, EBN can implemented with given oksigen therapy according patients needs and resut of innovation project can implemented to ACS patients, especially STEMI post PCI, to maintenance optimally heart function.

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"Ners Spesialis peminatan kardiovaskular didapatkan setelah melalui program praktik residensi keperawatan. Praktek residensi keperawatan terdiri dari 2 program yaitu praktek residen umum dan praktek residensi peminatan yaitu kardiovaskular. Kegiatan praktek residensi peminatan termasuk peran perawat sebagai pemberi asuhan keperawatan, peneliti, dan inovator. Peran pemberi asuhan keperawatan yaitu melakukan asuhan keperawatan pada 1 kasus utama dan 30 kasus resume pasien gangguan sistem kardiovaskular menggunakan model konservasi Levine. Peran peneliti adalah melakukan penerapan EBN yaitu akupresur terhadap kecemasan pasien preoperasi jantung. Hasil penerapan EBN; akupresur sebagai intervensi nonfarmakologi, nonivasif, mudah, sederhana dan aman dapat menurunkan kecemasan preoperasi jantung. Terakhir, peran inovator yaitu penggunaan skala Munro untuk mencegah kejadian perioperative related pressure injury pada pasien bedah jantung. Instrumen skala Munro sebagai pengkajian risiko pressure injury spesifik pada perioperatif, dilakukan 3 tahapan (preoperatif, intraoperatif, dan postoperatif), valid dan reliabel. Instrumen dapat digunakan sebagai bagian dari satuan intervensi pencegahan perioperative related pressure injury bersama dengan pengkajian kulit.

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Nurse Specialist in cardiovascular is obtained after going through a nursing residency practice program. Nursing residensy practice consists of 2 programs, namely general residency practice and specialization residency practice, namely cardiovascular. Specialization residency practice activities include the roel of nurses as nursing care providers, researchers and innovators. The role of nursing care provder is to manage nursing care in 1 main case and 30 resume cases of pastients with cardiovascular system disorders using Levine conservation model. The role of researcher is to implement EBN, namely acupressure on the anxiety of preoperative cardiac patients.

Results of the EBN application; acupressure as a non-pharmacological intervention, non-invasive, simple, easy and safe can reduce anxiety of preoperative cardiac. Finally, the rola of an innovator is the use of Munro scale to prevent perioperative related pressure injury in cardiac surgery patients. Instrument of Munro scale as an assessment of the risk of specific in perioperative pressure injury, carried out 3 stages (preoperative, intraoperative, dan postoperative), valid and reliable. Instrument can be used as bundle of an intervention for the prevention of perioperative related pressure injury along with skin assessment."

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Praktik ilmu keperawatan didasarkan hasil riset dan inovasi terbaru. Kualitas asuhan keperawatan ditentukan dari level pendidikan perawat. Perawat spesialis keperawatan medikal peminatan sistem kardiovaskuler berperan pemberi asuhan, edukator, peneliti, dan inovator. Praktik residensi Ners spesialis dilaksanakan selama 2 semester yang bertujuan melakukan peran ners spesialis dengan pendekatan konservasi. Asuhan keperawatan pada gangguan sistem kardiovaskuler menggunakan pendekatan model konsep konservasi Myra Estrin Levine. Asuhan keperawatan pada 30 kasus resume dan 1 kasus utama pada ADHF. Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) diterapkan pada pasien paska bedah jantung untuk pemulihkan fungsi paru paska bedah jantung. Proyek inovasi rehabilitasi jantung fase I pada pasien sindrom koroner akut untuk pemulihan toleransi aktivitas. Hasil analisis praktik bahwa model konsep konservasi efektif diterapkan pada gangguan sistem kardiovaskuler untuk mempertahankan konservasi holistik, ACBT mampu memulihkan fungsi paru pasien paska bedah jantung, dan penerapan rehabilitasi jantung fase I mampu toleran terhadap aktivitas, dan standard prosedur operasional dapat dipahami, mudah dilaksanakan oleh pasien dan perawat.

The nursing science practice is based on research results and the most current innovations. The quality of nursing care is determined by the nurses education level. Nurses of medical surgical nursing specialist, whose specialty are for cardiovascular system disorder, have some roles which are as a care provider, educator, researcher, and innovator. The clinical residency practice is conducted for 2 semesters and aims to implement the roles of specialist nurse by applying a conservation model approach. The nursing care on cardiovascular system disorders is using Myra Levine Conservation model approach to 30 patients with various cardiovasculer disorders, which the primary case is ADHF. The active cycle of breathing technique is applied to postoperative cardiac surgery patients for pulmonary function recovery after a cardiac surgery. The phase I of cardiac rehabilitation is applied to acute coronary syndrome patients for activity tolerance recovery. The analysis practice result shows  that the conservation model might be applied effectively to the nursing care for cardiovasculer disorders in order to maintain a holism conservation. The active cycle of breathing technique is able to aid pulmonary function recovery post cardiac surgery and the phase I of cardiac rehabilitation is able to aid for activities tolerance, and the standard operating procedures is able to be easily understood and implemented by the patients and nurses."

"Praktik Spesialis Keperawatan Medikal Bedah Peminatan Kardiovaskular di RS Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita bertujuan untuk menerapkan dan mempraktikan peran dan fungsi sebagai calon ners spesialis dalam melakukan pengelolaan pasien gangguan sistem kardiovaskular menggunakan pendekatan model Konservasi Levine. Calon ners spesialis memberikan dan menganalisis komprehensif  kasus utama berupa pasien post ASD closure, mitral valve replacement (MVR), tricuspid valve repair (TVR) dengan penyerta hipertensi pulmonal. Capaian lain pada praktik residensi adalah memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada 30 kasus kardiovaskular yang dianalisis sebagai resume.. Peran lain sebagai calon ners spesialis adalah  menerapkan intervensi keperawatan berbasis bukti ilmiah (evidance based practice) berupa aplikasi cryoanalgesia berupa kompres es batu untuk mengurangi nyeri pasien yang menjalani punksi darah arteri untuk pemeriksaan analisa gas darah (AGD). Selain itu calon ners spesialis dituntut sebagai inovator yang memberikan ide dan gagasan untuk perubahan yang lebih baik yaitu dengan penerapan protokol GASAL Aweakening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial yang bertujuan untuk memberikan panduan perawat dalam menyapih pasien yang terpasang ventilator mekanik. Hasil praktik residensi menunjukan model Konservasi Levine terbukti efektif diterapkan pada pasien dengan gangguan kardiovaskular. Penerapan EBN terbukti efektif menurunkan nyeri pasien yang menjalani punksi arteri untuk pemeriksaan AGD. Kegiatan inovasi mendapat respon positif dan terbukti memiliki kemanfaatan bagi perawat dalam proses weaning pasien terpasang ventilasi mekanik.

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The Practice of Medical Nursing Specialist with Cardiovascular Specialization at National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita aims to implement and practice the role and function as a candidate for specialist nurses in managing patients with cardiovascular system disorders using the Levine Conservation model approach. The specialist nurse candidates provide and comprehensively analyze the main cases in the form of post ASD closure patients, mitral valve replacement (MVR), tricuspid valve repair (TVR) with pulmonary hypertension co-occurring. Another achievement in residency practice is providing nursing care for 30 cardiovascular cases which were analyzed as a resume. Another role as a candidate for specialist nurses is to apply evidence-based nursing interventions (evidance based practice) in the form of cryoanalgesia applications in the form of ice packs to reduce pain in patients undergoing arterial blood puncture for examination of blood gas analysis (AGD). In addition, prospective nurse specialists are required to be innovators who provide ideas and ideas for better changes, namely the application of the GASAL Aweakening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial protocol which aims to provide guidance for nurses in weaning patients who is attached to a mechanical ventilator. The results of the residency practice show that the Levine Conservation model has proven to be effective in applying to patients with cardiovascular disorders. The application of EBN has proven to be effective in reducing pain in patients undergoing arterial puncture for AGD examination. The innovation activity received a positive response and was proven to have benefits for nurses in the weaning process of patients with mechanical ventilation."

"Keperawatan medikal bedah merupakan bidang praktik khusus dalam keperawatan profesional yang fokus dalam perawatan respon pasien terhadap masalah kesehatan aktual maupun potensial. Clinical nurse specialist (CNS) didefinisikan sebagai clinical leader dalam praktik keperawatan yang memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan tingkat lanjut seperti keahlian klinis dalam bidang tertentu, praktik berbasis bukti, kolaborasi, konsultasi, edukator, mentoring, dan manajemen. Peran CNS meliputi direct patient care, nursing practice, dan organization atau system. Peran perawat direct patient care diterapkan pada 31 pasien kasus kardiovaskuler baik medikal maupun bedah dengan pendekatan Model Adaptasi Roy. Hasil analisis praktik menunjukkan bahwa Model Adaptasi Roy dapat diterapkan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pasien dengan gangguan sistem kardiovaskuler. Penerapan peran perawat nursing practice, yaitu perawat menerapkan praktik yang berbasis bukti (evidence) adalah efektivitas cold therapy sebelum latihan napas dalam (deep breathing) dan batuk efektif (coughing) terhadap nyeri akut pada pasien post cardiac surgery. Penerapan peran perawat organisation atau system, yaitu perawat membuat pengembangan profesional melalui inovasi terbaru untuk perkembangan asuhan keperawatan dengan menyusun SPO rehabilitasi jantung fase 1 pada pasien sindrom koroner akut (SKA).

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Medical surgical nursing is a special area of nursing profesional practice that focuses on the care of patient s response to actual and potential health problems. Clinical nurse specialist (CNS) is defined as a clinical leader in nursing practice that has advance knowledge and skill such as clinical expertise in a particular area, evidence-based practice, collaboration, consulting, eduvator, menoting, and management. The role of CNS included direct patient care, nursing practice, and organization or system. The role as a direct patient care was applied to 31 cardiovascular patients both medical and surgical with the Roy s Adaptation Model approach. The result of practice analysis showed that Roy s Adaptation Model could be applied in providing nursing care in cardiovascular disease. The application of nursing practice nursing role, that nurse applied evidence-based practice that was effectiveness of cold therapy before deep breathing and coughing for acute pain post cardiac surgery patient. Aplication of the role of nurse organization or system, that nurses made professional development through the innovation for the development of nursing care. It was 1st phase cardiac rehabilitation in patient with acute coronary syndrome by formed standard operational procedure (SOP)."

"Praktik residensi keperawatan medical bedah memberikan kesempatan kepada residen untuk mengimplementasikan fungsi implementator, educator, innovator dan peneliti asuhan keperawatan spesialistik pada gangguan kardiovaskular. Residen menerapkan proses keperawatan dengan pendekatan teori konservasi Levine pada 30 kasus kelolaan resume dan satu kasus kelolaan utama. Implementasi asuhan keperawatan berbasis bukti dengan intervensi akupresur pada acupoints Shenmen dan Yengchuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas tidur pada pasien acute coronanry syndrome. Sebagai inovator residen menginovasi awakening and spontaneous breathing trial protocol untuk memandu perawat dalam mengkaji kesiapan weaning ventilator pada pasien post operasi jantung yang tersedasi dan menggunakan ventilator. Akupresur pada acupoins Shenmen dan Yengchuan secara significant meningkatkan kualitas tidur pada kelompok intervensi (p = 0,009). Awakening and spontaneous breathing trial protocol mudah diterapkan sebagai prosedur pengakajian kesiapan weaning ventilator, mudah dipahami dan memberikan manfaat bagi perawat dan pasien.

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The practice of surgical and medical nursing residency provides an opportunity for resident to implement the functions of implementer, educator, innovator and researcher in specialistic nursing care in cardiovascular disorders.Resident applyed the nursing process using Levine's conservation theory approach by managing 30 resume cases and one main case. Implementation of evidence-based nursing care by applying of acupressure intervention on Shenmen and Yengchuan acupoints to improve sleep quality in patients with acute coronary syndrome. As an innovator, resident innovated the awakening and spontaneous breathing trial protocol to guide nurses in assessing weaning ventilator readiness in sedated and ventilated postoperative cardiac patients. Applying acupressure on the Shenmen and Yengchuan acupoints significantly improved sleep quality in the intervention group (p = 0.009). Awakening and spontaneous breathing trial protocols are easy to implement as a procedure to assess weaning ventilator readiness beside easy to understand and beneficial for nurses and patients."

"Analisis laporan praktek residensi merupakan analisis yang dilakukan selama penulis menjalankan praktek residensi 1, 2 dan 3 di Rumah Sakit Jantung Pusat Nasional Harapan Kita Jakarta. Laporan berisi asuhan keperawatan kasus kardiovaskuler yang terdiri dari 1 kasus kelolaan utama, dan 30 kasus resume, dengan penerapan teori keperawatan model Imogene King, pembuatan Evidence Best Nursing serta pembuatan inovasi keperawatan. Tujuan analisis ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran peran perawat dalam penatalaksanaan keperawatan selama praktik residensi spesialis keperawatan medikal bedah dengan penerapan teori Imogene King pada kasus kardiovaskuler di RS Jantung Harapan Kita Jakarta dan merupakan salah satu bentuk pertanggung jawaban terhadap pengelolaan kasus pasien Acut Decompensated Heart Failure /ADHF pada pasien Coronary Artery Disease /CAD. Teori Imogene King adalah teori pencapaian tujuan yang dapat digunakan pada pasien dengan kasus kardiovaskuler mulai tahap pengkajian, perencanaan, implementasi sampai dengan evaluasi dalam usaha mencapai kesembuhan dan mencegah kekambuhan yang melibatkan peran pasien dan keluarga. Pelaksanaan EBN (Evidence Base Nursing) dilakukan di unit intermediate bedah yaitu melatih pasien dengan Inspiratory Muscle Training / IMT dengan penggunaan spirometri untuk melatih otot-otot diafragma dan nafas dalam untuk memperbaiki ekspansi paru dan menaikkan kapasitas paru. Hasil analisa menunjukan terdapat peningkatan kapasitas paru dan penurunan angka kejadian ateletaksis pada pasien intervensi. Kegiatan inovasi dilakukan di unit kamar bedah yaitu membuat prosedur handover antar personal dalam intra-operatif dalam rangka patient safety. Hasil menunjukan perawat dapat menerima perubahan atau prosedur baru yang bertujuan mencegah kesalahan dalam melakukan hand over intra operatif antar personal.

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Analysis of residency practice reports is an analysis conducted during the authors activity residency practices 1, 2 and 3 at National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Jakarta. The report contains nursing care of cardiovascular cases consisting of one main management case, and 30 cases of resumes, with the application of Imogene King's model nursing theory, make Evidence Best and Inovation of Nursing. The purpose of this analysis is to provide an overview of the role of nurses in nursing management during the residency practice of surgical medical nursing specialists with the application of the Imogene King theory in cardiovascular cases at National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Jakarta. This is the one of responsibility for managing cases of Acut Decompensated Heart Failure / ADHF in Coronary Artery Disease / CAD. Imogene King's Theory is a theory of goal attainment that for patients with cardiovascular cases from assessment, planning, implementation to evaluation in an effort to achieve recovery and prevent recurrence admitted which involving the role of the patient and families. EBN (Evidence Base Nursing) is carried out in the intermediate surgical unit, which is to train patients with Inspiratory Muscle Training / IMT by using spirometry to train diaphragm muscles and deep breathing to improve lung expansion and increase lung capacity. The analysis showed that increase the lung capacity and decrease in the incidence of ateletaxis. Innovation activities made inter-personal handover intra-operative procedures in in the operating room. The result showed nurses accept new procedures to prevent of intraoperative handover personal errors."

"Kecemasan dan nyeri merupakan masalah paling umum pada pasca operasi bedah jantung terbuka. Kedua hal tersebut akan menimbulkan efek negatif seperti meningkatkan penggunaan analgetik, komplikasi paru, gangguan tidur, waktu penyembuhan luka, lama serta biaya perawatan rumah sakit. Pranayama alternate nostril breathing merupakan terapi non-farmakologi yang dapat menurunkan kecemasan dan nyeri pasca bedah jantung. Evidence based nursing practice (EBNP) bertujuan menilai pengaruh pranayama alternate nostril breathing terhadap kecemasan dan nyeri pada pasien pasca bedah jantung. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 44 orang dibagi menjadi kelompok intervensi sejumlah 22 orang dan kelompok kontrol 22 orang. Kelompok intervensi mendapat perlakuan pranayama alternate nostril breathing sedangkan kelompok kontrol berupa relaksasi napas dalam. Penilaian kecemasan menggunakan The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) sedangkan penilaian nyeri menggunakan Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 0-100 mm. Uji statistik penelitian menggunkan analisis bivariat dengan uji paired t test dan independent t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pranayama alternate nostril breathing dapat menurunkan intensitas kecemasan dan nyeri pada kelompok intervensi (p-value <0,05) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Pranayama alternate nostril breathing merupakan intervensi non-farmakologi dalam menurunkan kecemasan dan nyeri pasien pasca bedah jantung yang bersifat sederhana, murah, efektif, efesien, dan fleksibel. Penelitian lanjutan perlu dilakukan dengan menggunakan sampel lebih besar serta instrumen penilaian kecemasan pasca operasi yang lebih spesifik.

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Anxiety and pain are the most common problems after open heart surgery. Both of them causes negative effects such as increasing the use of analgesics, pulmonary complications, sleep disturbances, wound healing time, hospital length of stay and cost. Pranayama alternate nostril breathing is a non-pharmacological therapy that can reduce anxiety and pain in post-cardiac surgery patients. Evidence based nursing practice (EBNP) aims to assess the effect of Pranayama alternate nostril breathing on anxiety and pain in post-cardiac surgery. The subjects were 44 people who divided into an intervention group of 22 people and a control group of 22 people. The intervention group received Pranayama alternate nostril breathing while the control group was get deep breathing relaxation. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used for anxiety assessment while the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain assesment. The statistic test used bivariate analysis with paired t test and independent t test. Pranayama alternate nostril breathing could reduce the intensity of anxiety and pain in the intervention group (p-value <0.05) compared to the control group. Pranayama alternate nostril breathing is a non-pharmacological intervention for reducing anxiety and pain in post-cardiac surgery patients that is simple, inexpensive, effective, efficient, and flexible. Further research needs to be done using a larger sample and a more specific postoperative anxiety assessment instrument."