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"Latar Belakang: Penyakit periodontal merupakan penyakit inflamasi yang memengaruhi jaringan penyangga gigi. Patogen memicu sistem imun bawaan ada jaringan periodontal untuk melepaskan mediator proinflamasi dan sitokin, salah satunya yaitu Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Periodontitis diketahui memiliki pengaruh dua arah dengan beberapa penyakit sistemik. salah satunya COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2 yang berkaitan dengan sindrom badai sitokin. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat korelasi respons imun individu penyintas COVID-19 dalam hal ini mediator inflamasi PGE2 dengan kondisi jaringan periodontal berdasarkan parameter klinis periodontal yaitu BOP, PD, dan CAL. Metode: Desain penelitian potong lintang pada 38 orang subjek dengan membagi dua kelompok subjek berdasarkan riwayat COVID-19. Dilakukan pemeriksaan parameter klinis periodontal BOP, PD, CAL dan pengambilan sampel GCF untuk mengukur kadar PGE2 menggunakan metode ELISA. Analisis data dilakukan dengan SPSS 25 dan GraphPad 10.0.0 Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan kadar PGE2 (p<0,05) antara penyintas dan bukan penyintas COVID-19. Tidak terdapat perbedaan parameter klinis periodontal (p>0,05) antara penyintas dan bukan penyintas COVID-19. Terdapat hubungan linear positif (p<0,05; r>0) antara kadar PGE2 dengan PD dan BOP. Kesimpulan: Kadar PGE2 pada subjek penyintas COVID-19 diindikasikan berkorelasi positif terhadap parameter klinis periodontal PD dan BOP.

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Background: Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth. In periodontitis, pathogens trigger the innate immune system to release proinflammatory mediators and cytokines in the periodontal tissues, one of which is Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Periodontitis is known to have a bidirectional relationship with several systemic diseases, one of them is COVID-19 which caused by the SARS-CoV-2 and associated with a cytokine storm syndrome. Objective: This research is conducted to examine the correlation between the immune response of individuals who have survived COVID-19, specifically the inflammatory mediator PGE2, and the condition of periodontal tissues based on clinical periodontal parameters, namely BOP, PD, and CAL. Methods: The design of this study was cross-sectional on 38 subjects by dividing two groups of subjects based on history of COVID-19. Periodontal clinical parameters BOP, PD, CAL were examined and GCF samples were taken to measure PGE2 levels using the ELISA method. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS 25 and GraphPad 10.0.0. Results: There is a significant difference in PGE2 levels (p<0.05) between former COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19. No significant differences in clinical periodontal parameters (p>0.05) were found between two groups. A positive linear relationship (p<0.05; r>0) was observed between PGE2 levels and PD, as well as BOP. Conclusions: PGE2 levels in subjects who survived COVID-19 were indicated to be positively correlated with the periodontal clinical parameters of PD and BOP."

"Latar belakang: Periodontitis merupakan infeksi yang melibatkan jaringan pendukung gigi disebabkan oleh biofilm plak gigi pada permukaan gigi dan inflamasi sebagai penyebab dari respons imun pejamu. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) sebagai mediator inflamasi terlibat dalam patogenesis berbagai penyakit inflamasi kronis, termasuk periodontitis dan sebagai regulator tekanan darah. Tujuan: Untuk membandingkan kadar prostaglandin dalam cairan krevikular gingiva pasien periodontitis dengan hipertensi dan non-hipertensi. Metode: Sampel total 60 pasien diperiksa. Terdiri dari 44 pasien kelompok hipertensi dan 16 pasien kelompok non-hipertensi sebagai kontrol. Keadaan hipertensi diukur dengan tekanan darah berdasarkan anamnesis dan menggunakan sphygmomanometer merkuri. Sampel klinis dikumpulkan dari 60 CKG subjek periodontitis. Pengukuran parameter klinis kedalaman poket (PD), dan perdarahan saat probing (BOP ≥1) dimasukkan sebagai kriteria diagnostik. Kedalaman poket dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis (CAL) dicatat sebagai kriteria subjek apabila PD ≥5 mm dan CAL adalah ≥1 mm. Kadar Prostaglandin E2 diperkirakan dalam sampel cairan crevicular gingiva dengan menggunakan uji immunosorbent link-enzyme. Hasil: Tingkat PGE2 signifikan secara statistik dalam kelompok hipertensi dibandingkan dengan kelompok non-hipertensi (p<0,05). Perbedaan yang signifikan dalam kedalaman poket, resesi, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Tekanan darah yang lebih tinggi memiliki potensi risiko peradangan dan perkembangan penyakit periodontal.

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ackground: Periodontitis is an infection that involved tooth supporting tissues by dental plaque biofilm on the tooth surface and host immune response as causal to as inflammation resolution. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as an inflammatory mediator has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis, and as a regulator of blood pressure. Objective: To compare the levels of prostaglandin in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients with hypertension and non-hypertension. Methods: A total sample of 60 patients was examined. Consists of 44 patients were hypertension group and 16 patients were non-hypertension groups as a control. Hypertension state was measured by blood pressure based on anamnesis and using sphygmomanometer mercury. The clinical sample was collected from 60 gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) of periodontal disease subject. Measurement of the clinical parameter of probing pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP ≥1) was included as a diagnostic requisition. The pocket depth and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was defined as present if the PD was ≥5 mm and CAL was ≥1 mm. Prostaglandin E2 level was estimated in gingival crevicular fluid samples by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The level of PGE2 was statically significant difference in hypertension patient compare with non-hypertension (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in pocket depth, recession, and clinical attachment loss (p<0.05). Conclusion: Higher blood pressure related to the potential risk of inflammation and progression periodontal disease."

"Latar belakang: Duktus Arteriosus Persisten (DAP) adalah penyakit jantung bawaan yang paling umum terjadi pada bayi prematur. Penutupan DA spontan pada bayi prematur berhubungan langsung dengan maturitas lumen duktus dan sensitivitas DA terhadap kadar prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) dengan ukuran duktus arteriosus persisten (DAP) pada bayi prematur. Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan metode pengukuran berulang atau repeatedmeasure pada bayi yang terdeteksi DAP pada hari ke 2-3 di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dan Rumah Sakit Fatmawati, Jakarta, dari bulan April-Mei 2014. Diagnosis DAP menggunakan ekokardiografi 2-D dan analisis kuantitatif kadar PGE2 menggunakan sistim immunoassay ELISA. Korelasi antara kadar PGE2 dengan diameter DA secara statistik dievaluasi menggunakan uji Korelasi Pearson. Hasilnya: Tiga puluh tiga bayi prematur {(UG rerata 31 (28-32) minggu, BL rerata 1360 (1000-1500) gram)} yang terdaftar pada penelitian ini. Hampir dua pertiga dari pasien adalah laki-laki. Hampir semua (30 dari 33) subyek mengalami penutupan spontan DA sebelum usia 10 hari. Rerata diameter DA adalah 2,9 (SD 0.5) mm dengan kecepatan maksimum aliran transduktal (DVmax) adalah 0,2 (SD 0,06) cm/detik dan rasio LA/Ao 1,5 (SD 0,2). Masing-masing rerata kadar PGE2 serum pada usia 2-3, 5-7, dan setelah 10 hari adalah 5238,6 (SD 1.225,2), 4178,2 (SD 1.534,5), dan 915,2, (SD 151,6) pg ml. Pada hari ke 2-3 kadar PGE2 serum berkorelasi dengan diameter DA (r = 0,667, p <0,001), tetapi tidak pada hari 5-7 (r = 0.292, p = 0,105) atau hari ke-10 (r = 0.041, p = 0,941). Kesimpulan: Ada korelasi positip yang kuat antara kadar PGE2 dengan diameter DA bayi prematur pada usia 2-3 hari, namun tidak ada korelasi yang bermakna antara kadar PGE2 dengan menetapnya DAP.

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Background: Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart disease most commonly occuring in premature infants. Spontaneous DA closure in premature infants has been suggested to be associated with the maturity of duct lumen and the sensitivity of DA to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

Objectives: To determine the correlation between the serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to the size of a persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants.

Methods: Observational study using repeated measures on premature infants with PDA detected at day 2-3 in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta, from April-May 2014. Diagnosis of PDA using a 2-D echocardiography and the quantitative analysis of PGE2 levels using immunoassay ELISA system. The correlation between PGE2 level with DA diameter were statistically evaluated using the Pearson Correlation test.

Results: Thirty-three premature infants (median gestational age 31 (28-32) weeks of gestational age, median birth weight 1360 (1000-1500) grams) were enrolled. Almost two thirds of patients were male. Almost all (30 of 33) subjects had spontaneous closure of DA before the age of 10 days. Mean DA diameter was 2.9 (SD 0.5) mm with maximum flow velocity of 0.2 (SD 0.06) cm/sec and LA/Ao of 1.5 (SD 0.2). Mean levels of PGE2 at the age of 2-3, 5-7, and after 10 days were 5238.6 (SD 1225.2), 4178.2 (SD 1534.5), and 915.2 (SD 151.6) pg/ml, respectively. The level of PGE2 level at day 2-3 was correlated with DA diameter (r = 0.667, p < 0.001), but not at day 5-7 (r = 0.292, p = 0.105) or day 10 (r = 0.041, p = 0.941).

Conclusion: There is a quite strong correlation positive between the levels of PGE2 in DA diameter in preterm infants at 2-3 days of age, although the correlation between levels of PGE2 by the persistence of PDA was not significant."

"Pendahuluan: Pergerakan gigi ortodonti akan merangsang terjadinya proses inflamasi sehingga mengeluarkan mediator inflamasi. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) adalah salah satu mediator inflamasi yang dikeluarkan selama pergerakan ortodonti dan berperan dalam resorpsi tulang. Proses inflamasi ini terjadi pada semua pergerakan ortodonti termasuk pada penggunaan sistem self-ligating. Walaupun sistem self-ligating diklaim banyak memiliki keuntungan, termasuk efeknya pada ligamen periodontal, akan tetapi belum ada penelitian secara biomolekular yang membandingkan mediator inflamasi dalam ligamen periodontal. Metode: Duabelas pasien dari klinik ortodonti, FKG-UI, dengan kasus nonekstraksi dan indeks iregularitas pada insisif mandibula sebesar 4-9 mm, mendapatkan perawatan ortodonti dengan sistem self-ligating pasif (Damon Q, Ormco) dan sistem konvensional preskripsi MBT (Agile, 3M). Cairan krevikular gingiva diambil dari sisi labial regio insisif mandibula pada 0 jam (sebagai kontrol), 24 jam, dan 4 minggu. Kadar PGE2 diperiksa menggunakan ELISA. Hasil: Walaupun secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar PGE2 pada pemakaian braket self-ligating dibandingkan dengan konvensional pada 0 jam, 24 jam (p=0,815), dan 4 minggu (p=0,534), namun secara deskriptif kelompok selfligating memiliki kadar PGE2 lebih tinggi dari konvensional secara konsisten pada 0, 24jam, dan 4 minggu. Pada waktu 24 jam, kadar PGE2 meningkat dibandingkan saat 0 jam, pada kedua sistem, dan kadar PGE2 pada kelompok self-ligating pasif (302,55±26,33 pg/ mL) lebih besar daripada kelompok konvensional (264,43±83,08 pg/mL). Pada waktu 4 minggu, kadar PGE2 menurun dibandingkan dengan waktu pengambilan 0 jam dan 24 jam, pada kedua kelompok sistem, dan kadar PGE2 pada kelompok self-ligating (236,17±42,63 pg/mL) lebih besar dari kelompok konvensional (208,267±81,83 pg/mL). Kesimpulan: Penelitian kami menyimpulkan bahwa sistem self-ligating memberikan respon selular yang berbeda dibandingkan sistem konvensional.

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Introduction: Inflammation process, as a result of orthodontic tooth movement, will trigger the release of inflammatory mediator. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one of the inflammatory mediator that is released during the orthodontic movement and plays an important role in bone resorption. These inflammatory process occurred in all orthodontic movement included in orthodontic treatment using self-ligating system. Although self-ligating system?s advantages have been claimed, including the effect of the system in periodontal ligament, there are still no research in biomolecular level comparing the mediator release in periodontal ligament.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine PGE2 concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during initial alignment of anterior mandible, using two different system brackets, passive self-ligating and conventional bracket.

Methods: Twelve patients with mandibular incisor irregularities of 4 to 9 mm and prescribed nonextraction cases, from orthodontic clinic, faculty of dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, were having orthodontic treatment. They were divided into 2 groups, each group were using Damon passive self-ligating system (Damon Q, Ormco), and conventionally ligated bracket with MBT?s prescription (Agile, 3M). GCF were taken from labial site of mandibular incisors at 0 hour (served as control), 24 hours, and 4 weeks. PGE2 level was determined using ELISA kit.

Results: There was no statistically difference in PGE2 level in self-ligating system group compared with conventional group, at 0, 24 hours, and 4 weeks, but from descriptive view self-ligating group had higher PGE2 levels than conventional at 0, 24 hours, and 4 weeks. At 24 hours, mean of PGE2 level was elevated from 0 hour, in both groups, and mean of PGE2 level was higher in self-ligating group (302,55±26,33 pg/ mL) than conventional group (264,43±83,08 pg/mL). At 4 weeks, mean of PGE2 level was decrease from 0, and 24 hours in both groups, and mean of PGE2 level was still higher in self-ligating group (236,17±42,63 pg/mL) than conventional group (208,267±81,83 pg/mL).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that self-ligating giving difference cellular response than conventional systems during orthodontic tooth movement"

"Latar Belakang : Infeksi COVID-19 telah diketahui masih dapat menyebabkan gejala sampai 90 hari dan bahkan lebih, meski infeksi akutnya telah berlalu. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya fenomena sindroma pasca COVID-19. Mekanisme kejadian tersebut sampai saat ini masih belum diketahui pasti. Hal tersebut diduga kuat akibat adanya fibrosis di beberapa organ, terutama jantung dan paru. Sementara itu, beberapa studi telah menyebutkan bahwa sST2 merupakan penanda fibrosis jantung. Meskipun demikian, sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian yang mencoba mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian fibrosis pasca infeksi COVID-19. Kadar sST2 pada pasien komorbid kardiovaskular tanpa COVID-19 dan populasi orang sehat, khususnya di Indonesia juga belum diketahui.Tujuan : Mengetahui perbandingan kadar sST2 pada pasien komorbid kardiovaskular 12 minggu pasca infeksi COVID-19 dengan pasien komorbid kardiovaskular tanpa COVID-19 dan populasi orang sehat, serta hubungannya dengan faktor-faktor admisi.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional potong lintang. Kadar sST2 pada pasien 12 minggu pasca infeksi COVID-19 dibandingkan dengan komorbid kardiovaskular akan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, yaitu kontrol 1 yang merupakan pasien komorbid kardiovaskular tanpa COVID-19 dan kontrol 2 yang merupakan populasi orang sehat. Kelompok kontrol dipilih menggunakan metode matching. Hubungan faktor klinis dan laboratoris saat dengan kadar sST2 pada pasien 12 minggu pasca infeksi COVID-19 dianalisis menggunakan analisis multivariat.Hasil : Terdapat 162 subjek yang menyelesaikan rangkaian penelitian yang terdiri atas 100 subjek dengan penyintas COVID-19 disertai komorbiditas kardiovaskular (kelompok kasus), 31 subjek dengan komorbiditas kardiovaskular tanpa COVID-19 (kelompok kontrol 1), dan 31 subjek sehat tanpa riwayat COVID-19 dan komorbiditas kardiovaskular (kelompok kontrol 2). Ketiga kelompok memiliki karakteristik yang sama. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan rerata nilai sST2 antara kelompok kasus dibandingkan kontrol 1 dan kontrol 2 (2786 ± 73 vs 2666 ± 162 pg/l, p <0.001 dan 2786 ± 73 vs 2517.15 ± 321 pg/l, p < 0.001), serta kontrol 1 dibandingkan kontrol 2 (2666 ± 162 pg/l vs 2517.15 ± 321 pg/l, p < 0.001). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan PaO2 (p < 0.001) dan nilai CT (p = 0.04) memiliki hubungan dengan kadar sST2 pada pasien 12 minggu pasca infeksi COVID-19.Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kadar sST2 sebagai penanda fibrosis jantung pada ketiga kelompok subjek penelitian, dengan kadar sST2 lebih tinggi pada subjek dengan penyintas COVID-19 disertai komorbiditas kardiovaskular. Terdapat hubungan PaO2 dan nilai CT saat admisi dengan kadar sST2.

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Background : Recent findings showed that symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection may persist up to 90 days even after the acute disease period has passed. This condition is now termed as post COVID-19 syndrome. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms of this event had been proposed, all of which still needed further elaboration. One of the proposed mechanisms involves fibrotic processes in several organs, especially heart and the lungs. SST2 has been suggested as a novel biomarker for cardiac fibrosis. However data are still needed to further elucidate the factors which are associated with the incidence of fibrosis post COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, data regarding sST2 levels in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities and in healthy subjects are still limited.

Objective : Knowing the differences on sST2 levels between subjects with cardiovascular comorbidities 12 weeks post COVID-19 infection, those without history of COVID-19 but with cardiovascular comorbidities, and healthy population, as well as knowing its relationship with admission factors.

Methods : This study is a cross-sectional observational study on patients 3 months after COVID-19 infection presented with cardiovascular comorbidities. Age and sex-matched control groups were used as comparison. The results were compared with a group without history of COVID-19 and healthy populations. Relationship between admission factors was assessed using multivariate analysis

Results : 162 subjects completed the study series, consisting of 100 subjects with COVID-19 survivors with cardiovascular comorbidities (case group), 31 subjects with cardiovascular comorbidities without COVID-19 (control group 1), and 31 healthy subjects without a history of COVID-19 and cardiovascular comorbidities (control group 2). All three groups had similar characteristics. There was a significant difference in the mean sST2 value between the case groups compared to control 1 and control 2 (2786 ± 73 vs 2666 ± 162 pg/l, p < 0.001 and 2786 ± 73 vs 2517.15 ± 321 pg/l, p < 0.001 respectively), and control 1 compared to control 2 (2666 ± 162 pg/l vs 2517.15 ± 321 pg/l, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed PaO2 (p < 0.001 and CT values (p = 0.04) as admission factor associated with increased sST2 3 months after initial COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion : SST2 levels were found to be significantly different between the three groups, with the highest level on the case group (subjects with history of COVID-19 and cardiovascular comorbidities). Factors upon admissions which include Arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) (p < 0.001) and CT value (p = 0.04) were found to be associated with increased sST2 levels."

"Latar Belakang: Osteoporosis merupakan penyakit yang ditandai oleh penurunan massa tulang, sehingga menyebabkan perubahan mikroarsitektur tulang. Osteokalsin adalah protein penanda adanya pembentukan dan resorpsi tulang. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kadar osteokalsin dengan status periodontal pada perempuan berisiko osteoporosis. Metode: Studi potong lintang pada 70 perempuan pascamenopause. Dilakukan pemeriksaan status periodontal dan kadar osteokalsin dalam serum menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar osteokalsin antara subjek osteoporosis, osteopenia, dan normal. Terdapat hubungan antara kadar osteokalsin terhadap kehilangan perlekatan klinis pada subjek osteoporosis. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara kadar osteokalsin dengan status periodontal pada subjek osteoporosis.

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Background: Osteoporosis is defined as a bone disease characterised by a decrease in bone mass results in bone microarchitecture alteration. Osteocalcin is a valid biomarker for bone turnover and resorption. Aim: To analyze relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and periodontal status in osteoporotic risk women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 postmenopausal women. Periodontal examination and serum osteocalcin levels was measured using ELISA method. Result: There is no difference of serum osteocalcin levels on osteoporotic, osteopenia, and normal subjects. Relationship between serum osteocalcin and clinical attachment loss was found on osteoporotic subjects. Conclusion: Relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and periodontal status was found on osteoporotic subjects."

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Pendahuluan: Periodontitis berasal dari hasil interaksi antara biofilm bakteri dan respon imun pejamu. Treponema denticola merupakan salah satu bakteri yang paling banyak terdeteksi pada pasien dengan periodontitis kronis. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 merupakan faktor pejamu yang penting yang terlibat dalam patogenesis penyakit periodontal, yang merupakan MMP kolagenolitik. Tujuan: untuk mengevaluasi proporsi bakteri T. denticola, ekspresi mRNA MMP-8, dan parameter klinis pada pasien periodontitis sebelum dan setelah skeling dan penghalusan akar (SPA) serta korelasi antara perubahan bakteri T. denticola dan ekspresi mRNA MMP-8 dengan parameter klinis.  Metode: Cairan krevikular gingiva dari 6 pasien periodontitis kronis yang tidak dirawat dan 1 subjek sehat diambil untuk menganalisa bakteri T. denticola dan ekspresi mRNA MMP-8 dengan quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Treponema denticola, ekspresi mRNA MMP-8, dan parameter klinis (kedalaman poket, indeks perdarahan gingiva, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis) diperiksa sebelum dan 1 bulan setelah SPA. Uji Wilcoxon digunakan untuk membandingkan transkripsi mRNA, proporsi bakteri, kedalaman poket, kehilangan perlekatan klinis, dan indeks perdarahan gingiva sebelum dan setelah SPA. Uji Spearman digunakan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara T. denticola dan ekspresi mRNA MMP-8 dengan parameter klinis. Hasil: Pengurangan yang signifikan terlihat pada parameter klinis (P<0,05), meskipun perbedaan T. denticola dan eskprsi mRNA MMP-8 tidak signifikan (P>0,05). Hubungan yang positif terlihat antara perubahan proporsi bakteri T. denticola dengan perubahan indeks perdarahan gingiva (r = 0,029; P>0,05) dan perubahan ekspresi mRNA MMP-8 dengan perubahan indeks perubahan gingiva (r = 0,023; P>0,05). Kesimpulan: Terapi non bedah menghasilkan perbaikan yang signifikan dalam parameter klinis tetapi tidak pada jumlah bakteri T. denticola dan eskpresi mRNA MMP-8 serta korelasi yang tidak signifikan antara T. denticola dan mRNA MMP-8 dengan parameter klinis.  

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Background: Periodontitis results from an outcome of interaction between bacterial biofilms and host immune response. Treponema denticola are one of the most common bacteria detected in patients with chronic periodontitis. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) is an important host factor involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, which is the main collagenolytic MMP. Purpose: To evaluate the amount of Treponema denticola, MMP-8 mRNA expression and clinical parameters in periodontitis patient before after scaling and root planning (SRP) and correlation between clinical parameters and proportion of T. denticola and mRNA expression level of MMP-8. Methods: GCF from 6 untreated chronic periodontitis patients and 1 healthy subject were sampled and assessed for the T. denticola, MMP-8 mRNA expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). Treponema denticola, MMP-8 mRNA expression and clinical parameters which were pocket depth, papillary bleeding index, and clinical attachment loss were assessed 1 month before and after scaling. Wilcoxon test was used to compare the mRNA transcription level, amount of bacteria, pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and papillary bleeding index before and after SRP. Spearman test was used to correlate clinical parameter and change of proportion of T. denticola and mRNA expression level of MMP-8. Results: A significant reduction in the clinical parameters was noted after SRP than before it (P< 0.05), although the difference of T. denticola and MMP-8 mRNA expression was not significant (P> 0.05). A positive relationship was seen between changes in the proportion of T. denticola bacteria with changes in the gingival bleeding index (r = 0.029; P> 0.05) and changes in MMP-8 mRNA expression with changes in the gingival change index (r = 0.023; P> 0.05). Conclusion: Non-surgical therapy resulted in a significant improvement in clinical parameters but not the proportion of T. denticola and mRNA expression level of MMP-8 and insignificant correlation between T. denticola and MMP-8 mRNA with clinical parameters.

 

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"Penyakit periodontal, termasuk gingivitis dan periodontitis, merupakan penyakit yang memiliki prevalensi tinggi. Pandemi COVID-19 mempersulit pasien untuk mendapatkan perawatan periodontal, sedangkan kebutuhan akan perawatan terus meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas mobile application periodontal, yakni suatu inovasi dan solusi untuk permasalahan tersebut, dengan cara membandingkan parameter inflamasi klinis dan psikomotor penderita gingivitis maupun periodontitis, antara kelompok yang diberikan intervensi mobile application dan kelompok yang tidak diberikan intervensi setelah satu dan tiga bulan penggunaan. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 40 orang yang terbagi secara acak dan merata pada kelompok uji dan kelompok kontrol. Parameter inflamasi klinis yang diperiksa ialah bleeding on probing (BoP) dan probing pocket depth (PPD). Peneliti menganalisis hasil perbandingan rerata nilai BoP, PPD, dan psikomotor antar kelompok uji dan kontrol serta dalam masing-masing kelompok uji dan kontrol setelah satu dan tiga bulan penggunaan. Hasil analisis antar kelompok menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna secara statistik rerata nilai BoP, PPD, dan psikomotor, kecuali parameter PPD pada penderita periodontitis. Hasil analisis dalam kelompok menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada seluruh parameter pada kelompok uji, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol, tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan rerata nilai psikomotor yang bermakna. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa perawatan periodontal berbasis mobile application dinilai efektif khususnya dalam pandemi COVID-19.

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Periodontal disease, including gingivitis and periodontitis, is a highly prevalent disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has made it challenging for patients to receive periodontal therapy, despite the demand for treatment is still increasing. This study aims to evaluate the effectivity of periodontal mobile application, which is an innovation and solution for this problematic situation, by comparing clinical parameters of inflammation and psychomotor scores in gingivitis and periodontitis patients, between the group that was given the mobile application and the group that was not given the intervention after 1 and 3 months of use. Forty subjects were randomly and evenly distributed into the test and control group. The clinical inflammation parameters examined were bleeding on probing (BoP) and probing pocket depth (PPD). The author analyzed the comparison results of the mean values of BoP, PPD, and psychomotor between the groups (inter-group) and within the groups (intra-group) after one and three months of use. The results of the inter-group analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the mean values of BoP, PPD, and psychomotor, except for PPD parameter in patients with periodontitis. The results of the intra-group showed that there were statistically significant differences in all parameters in the test group, while in the control group, there was no significant differences in the mean of psychomotor scores. This study shows that mobile application-based periodontal treatment is considered effective especially in COVID-19 pandemic."

"Latar belakang : Penyakit periodontal disebabkan oleh akumulasi plak mengandung kumpulan mikroorganisme patogen yang memicu respons imun host, menyebabkan pelepasan mediator inflamasi. Peradangan jaringan periodontal yang bersifat kronis menyebabkan inflamasi sistemik derajat rendah dan peningkatan kadar sitokin, seperti Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β). Respons imun yang konstan terhadap antigen terus menerus terjadi pada penderita long Covid. Terdapat persamaan respons inflamasi menunjukkan potensi hubungan antara periodontitis dengan infeksi COVID-19. Evaluasi parameter klinis periodontal subjek dengan dengan dan tanpa riwayat COVID-19 memberikan pemahaman dampak COVID-19 terhadap kesehatan periodontal Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan penyakit periodontal dan riwayat COVID-19 dengan parameter klinis periodontal dan kadar sitokin IL-1β. Metode : Subjek penelitian berjumlah 36 orang terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu sehat periodontal, gingivitis dan periodontitis dengan parameter klinis periodontal yang diperiksa yaitu kehilangan perlekatan klinis / CAL, indeks plak / PI, perdarahan papila interdental / PBI dan gingival index (GI). Peneliti menganalisis hasil perbandingan nilai CAL, PI, PBI, dan GI pada subjek penyakit periodontal dengan riwayat COVID-19 dan kadar interleukin dengan ELISA. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan subjek sehat, dan subjek penyakit periodontal dengan parameter klinis periodontal CAL, PI, PBI, GI yang signifikan (p<0.05). Kecenderungan peningkatan parameter klinis periodontal CAL, PI, PBI, GI sesuai keparahan penyakit periodontal. Subjek riwayat COVID-19 memiliki kadar sitokin IL-1β lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa riwayat (p<0.05). Terdapat hubungan parameter klinis Gingival Index (GI) pada subjek Gingivitis dan PBI dengan kadar sitokin IL-1β pada subjek riwayat COVID-19. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan penyakit periodontal dan riwayat COVID- 19 dengan parameter klinis periodontal dan kadar sitokin IL-1β. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa penyakit periodontal merupakan faktor resiko keparahan dari infeksi COVID dan sebaliknya.

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Background: Periodontal disease, including gingivitis and periodontitis, is caused by the

accumulation of plaque containing a group of pathogenic microorganisms that trigger the

host's immune response, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators. Chronic

inflammation of the periodontal tissues causes low-grade systemic inflammation and an

increase in cytokine levels, such as Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β). Constant immune

responses to continuous antigen exposure occur in individuals with long Covid. The

similarity in inflammatory responses indicates a potential connection between

periodontitis and COVID-19 infection. Evaluating the clinical parameter periodontal of

subjects with and without a history of COVID-19 provides insights into the impact of

COVID-19 on periodontal health Objective: To analyze the relationship between

periodontal disease and a history of COVID-19 with clinical parameter periodontal and

IL-1β cytokine levels. Methods: The study included 36 participants divided into three

groups: a healthy periodontal group, a gingivitis group, and a periodontitis group. The

clinical parameter periodontal was assessed using clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque

index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), and gingival index (GI). The researcher

analyzed the mean values of CAL, PI, PBI, and GI in patients with periodontal disease,

considering their history of COVID-19 and interleukin levels using ELISA. Result:

Significant differences were found between subjects with healthy clinical parameter

periodontal and those with periodontal disease, as indicated by the values of CAL, PI,

PBI, and GI (p <0.05). There was a trend of increasing CAL, PI, PBI, and GI values in

line with the severity of periodontal disease. Subjects with a history of COVID-19 showed

higher levels of IL-1β cytokine compared to those without a history (p <0.05). There was

a relationship between clinical parameter periodontal (Gingival Index - GI) in subjects

with gingivitis and PBI with the IL-1β cytokine levels in subjects with a history of

COVID-19. Conclusion: There is relationship between periodontal disease and a history

of COVID-19 with clinical parameter periodontal and IL-1β cytokine levels. This study

suggests that periodontal disease is a risk factor for the severity of COVID-19 infection."

"Latar Belakang. Obesitas merupakan faktor risiko luaran buruk pada pasien COVID-19. Sampai saat ini studi penilaian hubungan parameter obesitas berupa nilai lemak viseral, lingkar pinggang (LP), indeks massa tubuh (IMT), dan persentase lemak tubuh secara bersamaan dengan luaran COVID-19 menggunakan metode sederhana berupa bioimpedance analyzer (BIA) masih terbatas. Keempat variabel tersebut akan dinilai kemampuannya untuk memprediksi luaran buruk selama perawatan pasien COVID-19.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan kohort prospektif dari 261 pasien COVID-19 ringan-sedang di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo rawat inap sejak Desember 2020 hingga Maret 2021. Pasien dilakukan pemeriksaan BIA, LP, dan IMT saat admisi. Dilakukan analisis multivariat regresi logistik untuk menilai kemampuan nilai lemak viseral, persentase massa tubuh, IMT dan LP untuk memprediksi luaran buruk komposit yang mencakup ARDS dan mortalitas.Hasil. Didapatkan median nilai lemak viseral 10 (setara 100 cm2 ), lingkar pinggang 93 cm, IMT 26,1 kg/m2 , dan persentase lemak tubuh 31,5%. Berdasarkan multivariat regresi logistik, lingkar pinggang secara statistik bermakna sebagai faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap luaran buruk pada pasien COVID-19 [RR 1,04 (IK 95% 1,01-1,08)] bersama dengan derajat COVID-19 [RR 4,3 (IK 95% 1,9- 9,9)], skor NEWS [RR 5,8 (IK 95% 1,1-31)] saat admisi, dan komorbiditas [RR 2,7 (IK 95% 1,1-6,3)].Kesimpulan. Luaran buruk COVID-19 selama perawatan pasien COVID-19 terkonfirmasi dapat dipengaruhi oleh lingkar pinggang.

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Background. Obesity is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Until now, studies on assessing the relationship between obesity parameters in the form of visceral fat, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage simultaneously with COVID-19 outcomes using a simple method such as bioimpedance analyzer (BIA) are still limited. The four variables will be assessed for their ability to predict adverse outcomes during the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

Method. This study is a prospective cohort of 261 mild-moderate COVID-19 subjects at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital who were hospitalized from December 2020 to March 2021. Patients underwent BIA, WC, and BMI examinations upon admission. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the ability of visceral fat, body mass percentage, BMI, and WC to predict poor composite outcomes, including ARDS and mortality.

Results. The median value of visceral fat was 10 (equivalent to 100 cm2 ), WC was 93 cm, BMI was 26.1 kg/m2 , and body fat percentage was 31.5%. Based on multivariate logistic regression, WC was statistically significant as a factor influencing poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients [RR 1.04 (95% CI 1.01-1.08)] along with COVID-19 degree of severity [RR 4.3 (95% CI 1.9-9.9)], NEWS score [RR 5.8 (95% CI 1.1-31)] at admission, and comorbidities [RR 2.7 (95% CI 1.1) - 6.3)].

Conclusion. During the hospitalization of confirmed COVID-19 patients, poor outcomes can be affected by waist circumference."