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"Dalam konteks Industri Migrasi, peran pekerja migran sering kali terabaikan dan terpinggirkan. Hal ini terlihat dari Tulisan-tulisan tentang Industri Migrasi yang mengangkat bahwa industri migrasi menempatkan pekerja migran pada posisi yang terpinggirkan. Meskipun setiap industri seharusnya memberikan dampak positif bagi semua elemen di dalamnya, Industri Migrasi justru memosisikan pekerja migran, yang seharusnya menjadi aktor utama, sebagai subjek yang terpinggirkan. Melalui tinjauan terhadap 32 literatur tentang industri migrasi, penulis menggunakan pisau analisis keaktoran untuk membongkar kemarginalan ini. 32 tulisan ini didapatkan dari pencarian Scopus dan juga penelusuran literatur lebih mendalam. Penulis menemukan bahwa kepentingan bisnis dari broker, keterbatasan opsi yang dimiliki pekerja migran dan juga keengganan dari negara menjadi faktor utama dari sulitnya situasi pekerja migran pada industri migrasi di Asia.

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In the context of the Migration Industry, the role of migrant workers is often overlooked and marginalized. This is evident in writings on the Migration Industry that highlight how it places migrant workers in marginalized positions. While every industry should ideally have a positive impact on all its elements, the Migration Industry instead positions migrant workers, who should be key actors, as marginalized subjects. Through a review of 32 literature pieces on the migration industry, the author employs an actorhood analysis to uncover this marginalization. These 32 pieces were obtained through Scopus search and further literature exploration. The author finds that business interests of brokers, limited options for migrant workers, and the reluctance of governments are the primary factors contributing to the challenging situation of migrant workers in the migration industry in Asia."

"ABSTRAKNegara mempunyai tanggung jawab melindungi dan mensejahterakan rakyat melalui sistem pemerintahan yang berfungsi dengan baik namun sayangnya kondisi Indonesia tidak seperti itu. Kurangnya lapangan pekerjaan di negara sendiri serta meningkatnya permintaan negara luar akan tenaga kerja Indonesia, mendorong masyarakat untuk melakukan migrasi. Dengan hasil remitansi yang besar, pemerintah Indonesia juga mendorong hal tersebut. Tindak migrasi tersebut pada awalnya menguntungkan semua pihak kecuali TKI itu sendiri. Ketika terjadi permasalahan, negara kewalahan dalam menangani kasus-kasus tersebut karena kurangnya langkah preventif. Kondisi Indonesia sebagai Weak State mempersulit pengurusan TKI di luar negeri. Kondisi tersebut diakibatkan oleh krisis ekonomi 1998 dan semenjak saat itu Indonesia mengupayakan untuk memperbaiki keadaaan tersebut tanpa hasil yang signifikan. Kondisi internal yang tidak stabil mempersulit peningkatan kapasitas pemerintahan; yang sebenarnya mempunyai tugas dalam menjamin perlindungan warga negara di luar maupun di dalam negeri. Pada akhirnya ketidakmampuan ini merefleksikan kelemahan yang melemahkan bargaining position Indonesia di dalam dunia internasional.

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ABSTRACT

The state bears the responsibility to protect and to provide welfare to the people through a system of government that is functioning properly, but unfortunately the condition of Indonesia is far from its ideal state. The high unemployment rate as well as the increasing demand of Indonesian Migrant workers from country such as Saudi Arabia encouraging them to perform migration. The increasing numbers of remittance income compels the Indonesian government to keep sending migrant workers. The migration was initially beneficial to all parties except the TKI itself. When a problem occurs, the state?s difficulty in handling such cases because of the lack of preventive measures. Indonesian conditions as Weak State complicates the management of migrant workers abroad. The condition was caused by the economic crisis in 1998 and since then Indonesia seek to improve such circumstances without any significant results. Unstable internal conditions complicate governance capacity building; which actually is responsible to ensure the protection of citizens in and outside the country. Ultimately, this inability, reflects the weakness that weakens the bargaining position of Indonesia in the international world."

"Migrasi telah menjadi salah satu strategi untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup, terutama di negara berkembang. Meskipun banyak penelitian telah menganalisis dampak migrasi pada berbagai aspek sosial ekonomi, hubungan migrasi dan ketahanan pangan masih menjadi penyelidikan empiris terbuka. Penelitian ini menyelidiki hubungan antara pekerja migran internal dan kerawanan pangan rumah tangga di Indonesia. Kami menggunakan pendekatan variabel instrumental (IV) untuk mengatasi endogenitas status migran menggunakan data survei rumah tangga yang representatif di level nasional pada tahun 2019, 2020, dan 2021 dengan instrumen jaringan migrasi. Temuan kami menunjukkan bahwa pekerja migran internal memiliki efek positif yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga di Indonesia, dan dampak tersebut paling besar di Sumatra dan Kalimantan. Selain itu, kami menguraikan mekanisme bagaimana dampak pekerja migran internal terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga beroperasi, dan kami menemukan bahwa pengetahuan tentang gizi dan kesehatan memiliki pengaruh terbesar, sedangkan pendapatan tidak signifikan untuk memediasi pengaruh tersebut. Namun, realokasi pengeluaran untuk pangan secara signifikan memediasi dampak migrasi terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga, yang menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan migran hanya akan meningkatkan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga jika dialokasikan untuk pangan. Selain itu, belum tentu suatu rumah tangga akan mengkonsumsi makanan yang beragam jika tidak dimediasi oleh pengetahuan tentang gizi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa promosi atau program pendidikan gizi sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya pola makan yang sehat, sehingga mengurangi kerawanan pangan.

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Migration has become one of the strategies to improve life, especially in developing countries. Despite many studies analyzing migration's impact on various socioeconomic aspects, the migration and food security nexus remains an open empirical investigation. This research investigates the relationship between internal migrant workers and household food insecurity in Indonesia. We employ the instrumental variable (IV) approach to address the endogeneity of migrant status using representative household survey data at the national level in 2019, 2020, and 2021 utilizing the migration network instrument. Our findings show that internal migrant workers have a statistically significant positive effect on household food security in Indonesia, and the impact is greatest in Sumatra and Kalimantan. In addition, we describe the mechanism by which the impact of internal migrant workers on household food security operates, and we find that knowledge about nutrition and health has the greatest influence. In contrast, income is not significant in mediating the effect. However, spending reallocation for food significantly mediates the impact of migration on household food security, indicating that migrant income will only increase household food security if it is allocated for food. Moreover, it is not certain that a household will consume a variety of foods if it is not mediated by knowledge about nutrition. These findings suggest that promoting campaigns or conducting nutrition education programs is essential to enhance public awareness about the importance of a healthy diet, thus alleviating food insecurity."

"Buruh migran perempuan Indonesia harus memenuhi prosedur dan dokumen legal seperti paspor, visa, dan surat izin kerja agar dapat bekerja sebagai buruh migran berdokumen di Malaysia. Disisi lain, pemerintah melakukan upaya-upaya institusionalisasi migrasi dengan tujuan melindungi buruh migran perempuan Indonesia serta membuat arus migrasi menjadi lebih aman. Faktanya, masih terdapat buruh migran perempuan Indonesia yang memilih bermigrasi secara illegal (tidak berdokumentasi). Melalui kacamata feminis liberal, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis alasan buruh migran perempuan Indonesia memilih bermigrasi secara illegal dengan memfokuskan pada faktor-faktor ekonomi dan non-ekonomi pada tahapan sebelum migrasi dan migrasi.

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Indonesian women migrant workers have to fulfill all of the procedures and legal documents such as Passport, Visa, and also the working permission to be able to work as a documented migrant workers in Malaysia. On the other side, Government need to do the migration institutionalisation to protect Indonesian female migrant workers to make the stream of migration safer. Unfortunately, there are still a lot of Indonesian women migrant workers that choose to migrate and work in Malaysia illegally (undocumented). Through the lens of feminist liberalism, this research intend to analyze the reasons of Indonesian women migrant workers that choose to migrate and work illegally by focusing on the economic and non-economic factors at the stage of pre-migration and migration."

"Model skedul migrasi menggunakan pendekatan Rogers dan Castro menunjukkan pola migrasi spesifik, termasuk lonjakan pada usia muda akibat migrasi kerja atau pendidikan, serta peningkatan kecil di usia tua karena migrasi kembali setelah pensiun. Pola migrasi ini bervariasi antara wilayah urban dan rural, mencerminkan perbedaan tingkat urbanisasi, budaya migrasi, dan peluang ekonomi. Penelitian ini menganalisis pola migrasi di Sumatera Barat dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) Maret 2023 yang mencakup informasi seperti usia, provinsi tempat lahir, dan klasifikasi wilayah perdesaan/perkotaan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Sumatera Barat memiliki tingkat migrasi antarprovinsi sebesar 2 persen dengan migrasi neto positif 0,8 persen, menandakan lebih banyak penduduk masuk dibandingkan keluar. Mayoritas migran berada pada usia produktif (20–29 tahun) dan memiliki tingkat pendidikan yang relatif tinggi, menggambarkan daya tarik provinsi ini dalam aspek ekonomi dan pendidikan. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mengenai dinamika migrasi di Sumatera Barat dan implikasinya bagi perencanaan pembangunan daerah.

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The migration schedule model using the Rogers and Castro approach shows specific migration patterns, including a spike at a young age due to work or education migration, and a small increase at an older age due to return migration after retirement. These migration patterns vary between urban and rural areas, reflecting differences in urbanization levels, migration cultures, and economic opportunities. This study analyzes migration patterns in West Sumatera using secondary data from the March 2023 National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) which includes information such as age, province of birth, and rural/urban area classification. The results of the analysis show that West Sumatra has an inter-provincial migration rate of 2 percent with a positive net migration of 0.8 percent, indicating that more people are entering than leaving. The majority of migrants are of productive age (20– 29 years) and have relatively high levels of education, illustrating the province's attractiveness in terms of economy and education. The results of this study provide insight into the dynamics of migration in West Sumatra and its implications for regional development planning."

"ABSTRACTThe article considers the relationship between migration from Central Asia to the Russian Federation and gender relations. In particular, the paper describes the age sex composition of the migration flows from three countries of the subregion (Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan) and discusses the case of Kyrgyzstan with its active female migration. Male migrants are more often employed in construction and are paid more than female migrants, who work mostly in trade and services. However, men and women show almost no difference in complying with migration laws, vulnerability in interactions with the state, relations with employers and apartment owners as well as transnational practices. The article also considers possibilities for family reunification, and gendered differences in inter ethnic communication. The article concludes that further studies are required, and that assistance mechanisms are required for women who do not receive financial assistance from their migrant husbands. The article also finds that migrants sexual and reproductive behaviour is characterized by limited access to information about risks and also requires thorough study."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana manajemen perusahaan di Indonesia mengambil keputusannya terkait dengan pembagian dividen, berdasarkan profitabilitas, dividend yield, likuiditas, dan perubahan harga saham perusahaannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode OLS (Ordinary Least Square). Sampel yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan-perusahaan dalam indeks LQ 45 dalam kurun waktu tahun 2004-2006.Dari 74 perusahaan yang memenuhi persyaratan dalam penelitian ini, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa besarnya dividen per lembar saham pada suatu periode dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh profitabilitas, dividend yield, dan return saham pada periode sebelumnya. Profitabilitas dan dividend yield memiliki pengaruh yang positif, sedangkan return saham berpengaruh secara negatif terhadap dividen per lembar saham pada periode setelahnya. Likuiditas tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap dividen per lembar saham.

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The purpose of this study is to examine how Indonesian firms? managements make their decisions regarding dividend payout, based on companies? profitability, dividend yield, liquidity, and stock price change. This study is conducted using OLS (Ordinary Least Square) method. Sample used in this study is the companies listed in LQ 45 index between years 2004-2006.From 74 companies which fulfill the requirements for this study, the conclusion is that the amount of dividend per share in one period is significantly affected by last period?s profitability, dividend yield and stock return. Profitability and dividend yield have positive effect, while stock return has negative effect on the next period?s dividend per share. Liquidity has no significant effect on dividend per share."

"Population movement, from rural areas to towns is typical in any developing countries. It is due to general opinion that towns can supply and give everything to support their lives. Seasonal migration in Yogyakarta City is exclusively influenced by the variation of its peripheries. The worse the peripheries, the more the seasonal migrant come. The findings are related to the conditions of the city acting as the pull factors, the conditions and their place of origin acting as the push factors and also the rhythmic pattern of their mobility."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelusuri daerah asal dan arah migrasi orang Minangkabau yang berada di Provinsi Jambi berdasarkan kajian variasi dialektal. Untuk tujuan tersebut digunakan metode dialektometri dengan teknik permutasi. Berdasarkan perhitungan tersebut, di Provinsi Jambi ditemukan lebih banyak kecenderungan asal dan arah migrasi. Titik pengamatan-titik pengamatan (TP-TP) Jambi yang memperlihatkan hubungan beda wicara dengan TP-TP Sumatera Barat mempunyai tiga pola kecenderungan asal dan arah migrasi, sedangkan TP-TP yang menunjukkan tingkat hubungan pada perbedaan subdialek menunjukkan lebih banyak kecenderungan asal dan arah migrasi, yakni tujuh pola.This article is aimed to reveal the original homeland of Minangkabau people in Jambi Province and to trace their migration area based on dialectal variation. For that purpose, the research used the method of dialectometry by applying the technique of permutation. Based on this technique, it is found that in Jambi Province, there are many tendencies of the origines and directions of migration. The points of observation in Jambi which show the level of relation in the difference of pronunciation reveal that there are three tendencies of the pattern of the origines and directions of migration. Meanwhile, the points of observation which show the level on relation in the difference of subdialect shows more tendencies. There are seven patterns."