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"Inflamasi yang tidak terkontrol menjadi penyebab kematian yang signifikan di seluruh dunia dan merupakan faktor penting dalam kasus COVID-19 yang parah. EmponEmpon (EE), merupakan jamu tradisional Indonesia secara empiris diyakini mampu menyembuhkan COVID-19 yang parah. Namun, mekanisme kerja senyawa utama dalam mengobati keparahan COVID-19 masih belum jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi senyawa utama EE dan mekanisme molekulernya dalam mengendalikan inflamasi pada COVID-19. Senyawa EE diidentifikasi menggunakan KNApSAcK, protein/target yang terhubung senyawa dikumpulkan menggunakan database: ChemBL, GeneCard, dan Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), sedangkan target terhubung penyakit dikumpulkan menggunakan GeneCard database. Analisis protein-protein interaction (PPI) dibangun menggunakan String, analisis Gene Ontology (GO) dan Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment menggunakan ShinyGO 0.8. Jaringan interaksi senyawa-target-pathway divisualisasikan dan dianalisis menggunakan Cytoscape 3.10. Analisis penambatan molekul menggunakan PyRx 0.98 serta analisis molecular dynamics simulation (MD) menggunakan NAMD. Diperoleh sebanyak 336 senyawa dalam EE, 28 senyawa diantaranya memenuhi kriteria penyaringan berdasarkan bobot molekul (BM): 200-500 dalton, Oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30%, drug-likeness (DL) ≥ 0.18, tidak menghambat CYP2D6 di hati, toksisitas ≥ III. sebanyak 578 target EE diidentifikasi terlibat dalam inflamasi dan COVID-19. Analisis GO dan KEGG mengungkap bahwa aksi farmakologi EE melalui berbagai jalur, termasuk jalur kanker, lipid dan aterosklerosis, serta COVID-19. Analisis PPI diperoleh sebanyak 6 target yang memainkan peran essensial dalam mengendalikan inflamasi dan mengobati COVID-19, yaitu: MAPK3, EGFR, AKT1, PTGS2, TNF dan IL-6. Analisis penambatan molekul menunjukkan bahwa α-amyrin, Biochanin-A, Delphinidin, Sesamin, Isorhamnetin, Guaiacin, dan Ellagic acid adalah senyawa yang mampu terikat kuat pada MAPK3, EGFR, AKT1, PTGS2, TNF dan IL-6; hasil ini diperkuat oleh analisis MD yang mengkonfirmasi bahwa interaksi antara senyawa dengan kompleks target esensialnya stabil. Temuan ini memberikan landasan teoritis mekanisme EE dalam mengendalikan inflamasi pada COVID-19, yang dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan jamu berbasis EE

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Uncontrolled inflammation is a significant cause of death worldwide and is an essential factor in severe cases of COVID-19. Empon-Empon (EE), a traditional Indonesian herbal medicine, is empirically believed to be able to cure severe COVID-19. However, the mechanism of action of the main compound in treating the severity of COVID-19 is still unclear. This study aims to identify the main compounds of EE and their molecular mechanisms in controlling inflammation in COVID-19. EE compounds were identified using KNApSAcK, and compound-related proteins/targets were collected using ChemBL, GeneCard, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) databases. In a while, disease-linked targets were collected using the GeneCard database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was built using String, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment using ShinyGO 0.8. The compound-target-pathway interaction network was visualized and analyzed using Cytoscape 3.10. Molecular docking analysis using PyRx 0.98 and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) analysis using NAMD. A total of 336 compounds were obtained in EE, 28 of which met the screening criteria based on molecular weight (BM): 200-500 daltons, Oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30%, drug-likeness (DL) ≥ 0.18, does not inhibit CYP2D6 in the liver, toxicity ≥ III. A total of 578 EE targets were identified as being involved in inflammation and COVID-19. GO and KEGG analyses revealed the pharmacological actions of EE through various pathways, including cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, and COVID-19 pathways. PPI analysis revealed six essential targets in controlling inflammation and treating COVID19, namely MAPK3, EGFR, AKT1, PTGS2, TNF, and IL-6. Molecular docking analysis showed that α-amyrin, Biochanin-A, Delphinidin, Sesamin, Isorhamnetin, Guaiacin, and Ellagic acid were compounds that were able to bind strongly to MAPK3, EGFR, AKT1, PTGS2, TNF, and IL-6; these results were confirmed by MD analysis which confirmed that the interaction between the compound and its essential target complex was stable. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of EE in controlling inflammation in COVID-19, which can be used to develop EE-based herbal medicine."

"Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak bagi mahasiswa keperawatan khususnya terkait aspek psikologis. Dampak psikologis tersebut memberikan tekanan psikologis tersendiri, tetapi juga dapat memberikan timbulnya perubahan yang positif. Perubahan tersebut adalah post-traumatic growth (PTG) dan resiliensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentfiikasi pengaruh acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) terhadap PTG dan resiliensi pada mahasiswa keperawatan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan sampel 30responden pada kelompok intervensi dan 30 responden pada kelompok kontrol. Kriteria inklusi pada penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa aktif program sarjana reguler Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta tahun pertama, nilai PTG <72 dan resiliensi <33, serta bersedia menjadi responden dalam penelitian. Data diambil sebelum dan setelah diberikan tindakan ACT dengan menggunakan kuesioner Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory dan Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 serta dilakukan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perubahan PTG dan resiliensi sebelum dan sesudah diberikan ACT dengan p-value 0,001 (p<0,05). Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan PTG dan resiliensi yang signifikan sesudah diberikan ACT antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dengan p-value 0,001 (p<0,05). ACT direkomendasikan sebagai terapi keperawatan spesialis untuk meningkatkan PTG dan resiliensi pada mahasiswa keperawatan di masa pandemi.

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Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on nursing students, especially related to psychological aspects. The psychological impacts provide psychological distress, but it can also provide positive changes. These changes are post-traumatic growth (PTG) and resilience. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) towards PTG and resilience among nursing students during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with control group. Sampling in this study used a purposive sampling technique with a sample of 30 respondents in the intervention group and 30 respondents in the control group. The inclusion criteria in this study were active students of the regular undergraduate program of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Universitas Muhammdiyah Surakarta in the first year, PTG value <72 and resilience <33, and willing to be respondents in the study. Data were taken before and after being given ACT using Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 questionnaires and univariate and bivariate analysis were performed. The results of this study indicated a change in PTG and resilience before and after being given ACT with p-value 0.001 (p<0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in PTG and resilience after being given ACT between the intervention group and the control group with p-value 0.001 (p<0.05). ACT was recommended as a specialist nursing therapy to improve PTG and resilience among nursing students during pandemic."

"Kondisi pembatasan aktivitas masyarakat akibat pandemi COVID-19 membuat perguruan tinggi kearsipan menyesuaikan layanan kearsipan. Kesiapsiagaan bencana COVID-19 perlu diterapkan di lingkungan Kantor Arsip Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesiapsiagaan Kantor Arsip Universitas Indonesia dalam menghadapi bencana COVID-19 dan bagaimana peran teknologi informasi dalam kesiapsiagaan bencana COVID-19 diterapkan pada pengelolaan arsip elektronik dan kertas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kantor Kearsipan Universitas Indonesia telah merespon situasi pandemi COVID-19 dengan melakukan berbagai upaya kesiapsiagaan yang diimplementasikan dalam kegiatan dan pelayanan pengelolaan arsip. Ditemukan juga peran teknologi informasi yang diterapkan dalam pengelolaan arsip elektronik. Ada kendala bagi staf dan pimpinan dalam menjalin komunikasi dan interaksi di masa pandemi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka saran dari penelitian ini adalah Kantor Arsip Universitas Indonesia perlu membuat rencana pemulihan pascabencana dan mencari upaya untuk menjalin komunikasi yang efektif selama pandemi antara staf dan pimpinan.

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The condition of restrictions on community activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic has caused higher education archival institutions to adjust their archival services. COVID-19 disaster preparedness needs to be implemented within the University of Indonesia Archives Office. This study aims to identify the preparedness of the University of Indonesia Archives Office in dealing with the COVID-19 disaster and how the role of information technology in COVID-19 disaster preparedness is applied to the management of electronic and paper archives. This research is a qualitative research with case study method. The results show that the University of Indonesia Archives Office has responded to the COVID-19 pandemic situation by carrying out various preparedness efforts that are implemented in archive management activities and services. It was also found the role of information technology applied in the management of electronic records. There are obstacles for staff and leaders in establishing communication and interaction during the pandemic. Based on the results of the study, the suggestion from this research is that the University of Indonesia Archives Office needs to make a post-disaster recovery plan and look for efforts to establish effective communication during the pandemic between staff and leaders."

"Pendahuluan dan tujuan: Penyakit virus corona (COVID-19) telah mempengaruhi praktik sehari-hari dalam pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak COVID-19 terhadap praktik urologi di Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong-lintang menggunakan kuisioner berbasis web (Survey Monkey) yang didistribusikan dan dikumpulkan dalam waktu tiga minggu. Seluruh dokter urologi yang berpraktik di Indonesia dikirimkan sebuah tautan kuisioner elektronik melalui E-mail, aplikasi Whatsapp Messenger, dan/atau layanan pesan singkat, dan kepala residen dalam setiap pusat urologi mendistribusikan kuisioner elektronik kepada residen urologi.Hasil: Rerata respon adalah 369/485 (76%) pada dokter urologi dan 220/220 (100%) pada residen urologi. Sejumlah kurang dari 10 persen respon [ada setiap bagian didapatkan tidak lengkap. Terdapat 35/369 (9.5%) dokter urologi dan 59/220 (26.8%) residen urologi yang pernah dinyatakan pasien suspek COVID-19, dan tujuh diantaranya dinyatakan positif terkonfirmasi COVID-19. Mayoritas dokter urologi (66%) lebih menyukai melanjutkan konsultasi tatap muka dengan jumlah pasien yang terbatas, dan lebih dari 60% dokter urologi lebih menyukai menunda mayoritas (66%) atau seluruh operasi elektif. Sebagian besar dokter urologi juga memiliki untuk menunda operasi elektif pada pasien dengan gejala terkait COVID-19 da pasien yang membutuhkan perawatan pasca-operasi ICU. Dokter dan residen urologi melaporkan tingginya rerata menggunakan apat pelindung diri, selain gaun medis dan masker N95, yang mana persediaannya terbatas. Beberapa dokter ahli bedah onkologi urologi dipertimbangkan menjadi prioritas utama untuk dokter urologi Indonesia selama masa epidemic COVID-19.Kesimpulan: Pandemi COVID-19 telah menyebabkan penurunan pelayanan urologi baik pada klinik rawat jalan dan pelayanan pembedahan dengan prosedur uro-onkologi sebagai prioritas untuk dilakukan.

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Introduction and objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected daily practices in health care services. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on urology practice in Indonesia.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using web-based questionnaire (Survey Monkey), which was distributed and collected within a period of three weeks. All practicing urologists in Indonesia were sent an e-questionnaire link via E-mail, WhatsApp Messenger application, and/or short message service, and the chief of residents in each urology centre distributed the e-questionnaire to urology residents.

Results: The response rate was 369/485 (76%) among urologists and 220/220 (100%) among urology residents. Less than 10 percent of the responses in each section were incomplete. There are 35/369 (9.5%) of urologists and 59/220 (26.8%) of urology residents had been suspected as COVID-19 patients, of whom seven of them were confirmed to be COVID-19 positive. The majority of urologists (66%) preferred to continue face-to-face consultations with a limited number of patients, and more than 60% of urologists preferred to postpone the majority (66%) or all elective surgery. Most urologists also chose to postpone elective surgery in patient with COVID-19-related symptoms and patient who required post-operative ICU-care. Urologist and urology residents reported high rates of using personal protective equipment, except for medical gowns and N95 masks, which were in short supply. Several uro-oncology surgeries were considered to be the top priority for Indonesian urologist during COVID-19 epidemic period.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a decline in urology service in both outpatient clinic and surgery services with uro-oncological procedure as a priority to conduct."

"Walaupun pendidikan di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia sudah dapat berlangsung secara tatap muka, bukan berarti ancaman terhadap paparan COVID-19 pada warga sekolah telah hilang. Hal tersebut terlihat dari tingginya kasus positif COVID-19 di Indonesia, di mana Provinsi DKI Jakarta merupakan provinsi dengan kasus positif COVID-19 tertinggi di Indonesia. Selain itu, keberadaan klaster penularan COVID-19 di sekolah-sekolah juga menunjukkan pentingnya penerapan protokol kesehatan COVID-19 di sekolah. SDN Ujung Menteng 02 merupakan salah satu sekolah yang harus ditutup selama dua minggu akibat terdapat beberapa warga sekolah yang positif COVID-19. Dalam penelitian ini dibahas mengenai implementasi protokol kesehatan COVID-19 di SDN Ujung Menteng 02 dengan melihat variabel yang terdapat pada Model Implementasi Edward III. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Metode pengambilan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, SDN Ujung Menteng 02 telah cukup baik dalam mengimplementasikan protokol kesehatan COVID-19. Namun, masih terdapat perilaku warga sekolah yang harus dibenahi, seperti penggunaan masker, menjaga jarak, dan lain sebagainya. Sumber daya, komunikasi, dan disposisi (sikap) warga sekolah sudah baik dalam mengimplementasikan protokol kesehatan COVID-19 di SDN Ujung Menteng 02. Namun, struktur birokrasi pada Satgas COVID-19 SDN Ujung Menteng 02 masih perlu diperbaiki dan ditingkatkan.

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Although schools in various regions in Indonesia have been opened, the threat of exposure to COVID-19 for the school residents has not disappeared. This can be seen from the number of positive cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia, where DKI Jakarta Province is the province with the highest positive cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia. The COVID-19 transmission clusters in schools also show the importance of implementing COVID-19 health protocols in schools. SDN Ujung Menteng 02 was one of the schools that had to be closed due to several school residents who were positive for COVID-19. This study discusses the implementation of the COVID-19 health protocol at SDN Ujung Menteng 02 by looking at the variables from Edward III Implementation Model. The type of research used is qualitative research with case study design, using in-depth interviews and observation. Based on the data obtained, there are still behaviors of school residents that must be addressed, such as the use of masks, physical distancing, etc. Resources, communication, and disposition of school residents are good in implementing the COVID-19 health protocol at SDN Ujung Menteng 02. However, the bureaucratic structure of the Satgas COVID-19 SDN Ujung Menteng 02 still needs to be improved."

"Pandemi Covid-19 (coronavirus diseases 2019) yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-Cov-2 yang pertama kali muncul Kota Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, China pada akhir tahun 2019. Virus ini muncul di berbagai negara di dunia sehingga menciptakan dampak yang signifikan bagi masyarakat dan ekonomi global. Tidak hanya itu, pandemi Covid-19 juga menimbulkan kekhawatiran dan berbagai gangguan kesehatan mental lainnya di masyarakat. Selain itu, tenaga kesehatan juga rentan terhadap gangguan kesehatan mental selama menangani pasien Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi gejala kecemasan dan depresi pada tenaga kesehatan laboratorium terpadu di Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia selama pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia pada bulan Juli 2021. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu, univariat, bivariat dan multivariabel dengan derajat kepercayaan 95%. Dari 42 tenaga kesehatan laboratorium terpadu RS UI didapatkan prevalensi gejala kecemasan sebesar 11,9% dan prevalensi gejala depresi sebesar 14,3%. Hasil analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square menyatakan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara gejala kecemasan ataupun depresi dengan variabel independen penelitian.

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The Covid-19 pandemic (coronavirus diseases 2019) caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus which first appeared in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China at the end of 2019. This virus appeared in various countries in the world, causing a significant impact on society and the global economy. Covid-19 pandemic has also caused concern and various other mental health disorders in the community. Furthermore, healthcare workers are also vulnerable to mental health disorders while treating Covid-19 patients. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in healthcare workers in the integrated laboratory at the Universitas Indonesia Hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a cross sectional design conducted at the Integrated Laboratory of the Universitas Indonesia Hospital in July 2021. The analysis used is univariate, bivariate and multivariable with a 95% confidence interval. Of 42 integrated laboratory health workers at Universitas Indonesia Hospital, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 11.9% and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 14.3%. The results of the bivariate analysis with the chi-square test there is no significant relationship between symptoms of anxiety or depression with the independent variables of the study."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang pandemi Covid-19 dan kebijakan penanggulangan yang dikeluarkan di 10 negara anggota Uni Eropa (UE) yaitu Spanyol, Italia, Jerman, Prancis, Belgia, Belanda, Portugal, Irlandia, Austria, dan Swedia. Negara-negara tersebut dipilih karena dikonfirmasi memiliki kasus positif Covid-19 terbanyak pada awal masa pandemi. Penelitian dianalisis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan baik data kualitatif mapun kuantitatif. Teori Ancaman Nasional dan Konsep Kapasitas Fiskal diaplikasikan untuk menganalisis mengapa 10 negara anggota UE  berinisiatif mengeluarkan kebijakan masing-masing dalam penanggulangan pandemi Covid-19 meskipun berada di bawah institusi supranasional yaitu UE, serta kebijakan pada sektor apa yang menjadi prioritas dalam penanggulangan pandemi Covid-19 di 10 negara UE dan mengapa negara memprioritaskan kebijakan tersebut. Argumentasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 10 negara anggota UE melihat pandemi Covid-19 sebagai ancaman nasional yang perlu segera ditangani sehingga masing-masing negara memutuskan untuk mengeluarkan kebijakan tanpa menunggu respon dari UE.  Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa 10 negara anggota UE melihat pandemi Covid-19 sebagai ancaman lingkungan yang berdampak pada stabilitas nasional di sektor sosial-kemasyarakatan, politik, dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa semakin kuat kapasitas fiskal suatu negara, semakin kuat juga kebijakan dan peran pemerintah dalam penanggulangan krisis pada negara tersebut.

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This study discusses the Covid-19 pandemic and the policy response of 10 member countries of the European Union (EU), namely Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Portugal, Ireland, Austria, and Sweden. These countries were chosen because they were confirmed to have the highest positive cases of Covid-19 at the beginning of the pandemic. The research was analysed using qualitative methods by utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data. National Threat Theory and Fiscal Capacity Concept were applied to analyse why 10 EU member states took the initiative to issue their respective policies in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic even though they were under a supranational institution, namely the EU, as well which sector of policies was the priority in handling Covid-19 pandemic in 10 EU countries and why they prioritize those policies. This study argues that 10 EU member states see the Covid-19 as a national threat, which needs to be addressed immediately so that each country decides to issue a policy without waiting for a response from the EU. This study found that 10 EU member states saw the Covid-19 pandemic as an ecological threat that impacts national stability in the social, political, and economic sectors. This study also found that countries with strong fiscal capacity can issue strong government’s policies and involvement in overcoming crisis."

"Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk meneliti apakah tingkat return harian dari indeks milik perusahaan Morgan Stanley Capital International Emerging Market memiliki ketahanan terhadap volatilitas asimetris yang muncul ketika dihadapkan dengan pandemi Covid-19. Alasan utama munculnya volatilitas yang asimetris ini dikarenakan pasar keuangan dilanda oleh krisis, yaitu pandemi Covid-19 yang menyerang seluruh negara di dunia dan dampaknya paling dirasakan oleh negara-negara berkembang. Sampel dari penelitian ini terdiri 24 negara berkembang dari wilayah Asia, Eropa, Timur Tengah, Afrika, dan Amerika. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis hal tersebut adalah GJR-GARCH. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa wilayah dengan tingkat leverage effect paling rendah merupakan negara-negara berkembang di Asia dikarenakan negara-negara berkembang di Asia bagian Tenggara (ASEAN) memiliki mayoritas saham dengan nilai yang masih berkembang sehingga memiliki tingkat sentimen investor yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan negara-negara yang sahamnya sudah memiliki nilai tinggi.

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The purpose of this study is to examine whether the daily rate of return of the index belonging to the company Morgan Stanley Capital International Emerging Markets has resistance to the asymmetric volatility that arises when faced with the Covid-19 pandemic. The main reason for the emergence of this asymmetrical volatility is because the financial market was hit by a crisis, which is the Covid-19 pandemic that attacked all countries in the world and its impact was felt most by developing countries. The sample of this study consisted of 24 developing countries from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and America. The method used to analyze this event is GJR-GARCH. This study found that the regions with the lowest levels of leverage effect are developing countries in Asia, especially developing countries in Southeast Asia (ASEAN) most of their stocks have a value that is still small and developing so that they have a lower level of investor’s sentiment compared to other countries. countries whose stocks already have a high value."

"Terdapat cukup banyak penyakit berbahaya yang menular melalui udara, diantaranya adalah Tuberkulosis dan Covid-19. Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Berbeda dengan TB, Covid-19 merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2. Tuberkulosis dan Covid-19 merupakan penyakit yang cukup serupa. Selain penularannya yang sama-sama melalui udara, secara umum kedua penyakit ini sama-sama menyerang pernapasan manusia. Koinfeksi dari kedua penyakit ini membuat situasi semakin memburuk. Pada skripsi ini, dikonstruksi model matematika penyebaran koinfeksi penyakit TB dan Covid-19. Dari model tersebut, dilakukan kajian analitik yang meliputi analisis eksistensi dan kestabilan titik keseimbangan penyakit serta analisis dan interpretasi bilangan reproduksi dasar R0. Selain itu, diteliti juga mengenai bilangan reproduksi dasar invasi antar kedua penyakit. Kemudian dilakukan simulasi numerik yang mencakupi analisis elastisitas dan sensitivitas serta simulasi autonomous dari model. Analisis pada submodel single infection, yaitu model TB saja dan Covid-19 saja, juga dilakukan untuk melihat dinamika keberadaan kedua penyakit secara bersamaan. Dari kajian analitik yang dilakukan, diperoleh titik bebas penyakit yang stabil asimtotik lokal saat R0<1. Namun, bifurkasi mundur mungkin terjadi saat R0=1 sehingga titik bebas penyakit tidak stabil secara global. Titik endemik model ada dan stabil asimtotik lokal saat R0>1. Berdasarkan kajian numerik, diperoleh hasil bahwa perubahan laju infeksi TB dan Covid-19 secara bersamaan dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap keberadaan penyakit TB-Covid-19 di populasi.

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There are quite a number of dangerous diseases that are transmitted through the air, including Tuberculosis and Covid-19. Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Unlike TB, Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Tuberculosis and Covid-19 are quite similar diseases. Apart from being transmitted through the air, these two diseases attack human respiration. The co-infection of these two diseases makes the situation even worse. In this thesis, a mathematical model for the spread of co-infection with TB and Covid-19 is constructed. From this model, an analytical study was carried out which included an analysis of the existence and stability of the disease equilibrium point as well as an analysis and interpretation of the basic reproduction number (R0). In addition, the invasion reproduction number between the two diseases was also investigated. Then a numerical simulation is carried out which includes elasticity and sensitivity analysis as well as autonomous simulation of the model. Analysis of the single infection submodel, namely the TB-only model and Covid-19-only model, was also carried out to see the dynamics of the coexistence of the two diseases. From the analytical study conducted, a local asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium was obtained when R0<1. However, a backward bifurcation may occur when R0=1 so the disease-free equilibrium is not globally stable. The endemic equilibrium exists and is locally asymptotically stable when R0>1. Based on a numerical study, the results obtained were that changes in the infection rate of TB and Covid-19 simultaneously could have an impact on the presence of TB-Covid-19 disease in the population."

"Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia belum resmi berakhir, dan karena perilaku protektif yang terlihat diabaikan, menjadi sangat penting untuk terus dikampanyekan guna meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dan menerapkan protokol kesehatan dalam rangka mengendalikan penyebarannya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi risiko dan pengalaman masyarakat terhadap penularan COVID-19 di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode lintang potong dan dilakukan pada bulan Juli hingga Agustus 2022 dengan menggunakan survei daring. Kuesioner dikembangkan berdasarkan kuesioner standar (ECOM, 2015) tentang persepsi risiko wabah penyakit menular. Kuesioner ini kemudian didistribusikan melalui berbagai platform media sosial, termasuk WhatsApp, Facebook, dan Instagram. Hasil: Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa responden wanita lebih banyak daripada pria (61,3%), memiliki pendidikan sarjana (38,5%), bekerja di perusahaan swasta (32,3%), dan pernah tertular Covid (43,8%). Responden yang memiliki skor persepsi risiko di atas rata-rata adalah 60%. Menurut kesepuluh data distribusi persepsi risiko, sebagian besar responden menganggap COVID-19 sebagai ancaman. Memakai masker, rutin mencuci tangan, jaga jarak fisik, dan tinggal di rumah tetap menjadi pilihan dan efektif untuk mencegah penularan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki penularan COVID-19 yang intens secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.Kesimpulan: Meskipun sebagian besar responden khawatir akan penularan Covid-19, mereka menyatakan siap untuk penularan dan sadar bagaimana mengendalikan dan mencegah penularan.

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has not officially ended, and due to the apparent underestimation of protective behavior, it is imperative to continuously promote public awareness and implement health  protocols  to control its spread. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the community's risk perception and experiences of COVID-19 transmission in Indonesia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2022 using an online survey. The questionnaire was developed based on a standard questionnaire (ECOM, 2015) on the risk perception of an infectious disease outbreak. It was then distributed through various social media platforms, including WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram.

Result: This study revealed that there were more female respondents than men (61.3%), held bachelor’s degree (38.5%), work in private company (32.3%), and been infected by Covid (43.8%). Respondents who have risk perception score above average is 60%. According to all ten risk perception distribution data, most respondents considered COVID-19 a threat. Wearing mask, regularly wash hands, physical distancing, and stay at home still options and effective to prevent the transmission. This showed that most respondents had intense COVID-19 transmission directly or indirectly.

Conclusion: Although most of respondents worry of Covid-19 transmission, they stated ready for transmission and aware how to control and prevent the transmission."