Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Carbon Capture and Storage, Second Edition, provides a thorough, non-specialist introduction to technologies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels during power generation and other energy-intensive industrial processes, such as steelmaking. Extensively revised and updated, this second edition provides detailed coverage of key carbon dioxide capture methods along with an examination of the most promising techniques for carbon storage. The book opens with an introductory section that provides background regarding the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, an overview of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, and a primer in the fundamentals of power generation. The next chapters focus on key carbon capture technologies, including absorption, adsorption, and membrane-based systems, addressing their applications in both the power and non-power sectors. New for the second edition, a dedicated section on geological storage of carbon dioxide follows, with chapters addressing the relevant features, events, and processes (FEP) associated with this scenario. Non-geological storage methods such as ocean storage and storage in terrestrial ecosystems are the subject of the final group of chapters. A chapter on carbon dioxide transportation is also included. This extensively revised and expanded second edition will be a valuable resource for power plant engineers, chemical engineers, geological engineers, environmental engineers, and industrial engineers seeking a concise, yet authoritative one-volume overview of this field. Researchers, consultants, and policy makers entering this discipline also will benefit from this reference"

"Isu perubahan iklim menjadi perhatian dunia dimana salah satunya peningkatan suhu udara akibat dari emisi gas rumah kaca. Perubahan iklim ini diakibatkan oleh gas-gas dalam atmosfer salah satunya yaitu CO2. DKI Jakarta sebagai ibukota memiliki jumlah penduduk yang padat dengan berbagai macam penggunaan lahan yang ada. Penggunaan lahan yang di dominasi oleh permukiman mengakibatkan berkurangnya Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) yang berfungsi untuk menyerap CO2 di atmosfer. Intepretasi citra SPOT-7 digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat kehijauan vegetasi pada Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) dengan menggunakan indeks vegetasi NDVI, EVI, GNDVI dan OSAVI. Pengukuran diameter dan tinggi pohon juga dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai biomassa yang akan dijadikan nilai serapan CO2. Nilai serapan CO2 yang tersebar di DKI Jakarta diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga kelas yaitu tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Pola sebaran dari nilai serapan CO2 pada RTH di DKI Jakarta di dominasi pada kelas sedang dengan pola persebaran berada di Jakarta Selatan, Jakarta Timur, Jakarta Utara dan Jakarta Barat. Pola sebaran Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) di DKI Jakarta tersebar secara acak dan lebih mendominasi di wilayah Jakarta Timur dan Jakarta Selatan.

---

The issue of climate change become world attention where one of them increase in air temperature due to greenhouse gas emissions. This climate change is caused by gases in the atmosphere, one of which is CO2. DKI Jakarta as the capital has a dense population with a variety of existing land use. Land use that is dominated by settlements resulting in fewer green space, which functions to absorb atmospheric CO2. Image interpretation SPOT-7 is used to determine the level of greenness of vegetation on a green space using the vegetation index NDVI, EVI, GNDVI and OSAVI.

Measuring the diameter and height of trees were also performed to obtain the value of biomass that will be used as the CO2 absorption value. The CO2 absorption value that spread in Jakarta are classified into three classes: high, medium and low. The distribution pattern of CO2 absorption value at green space in Jakarta dominance in the medium class with the distribution pattern is located in South Jakarta, East Jakarta, North Jakarta and West Jakarta. The distribution pattern of green space in Jakarta scattered randomly and more dominate in East Jakarta and South Jakarta."

"Massive use of fuels by industry increase carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions significantly. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) is well known for its ability to fixate CO2 and synthesize it to a lipid. As industry usually emits high concentrations of CO2, it is necessary to investigate the behavior of microalgae in regard to CO2 inflow. We studied cultivation of C. vulgaris in a photobioreactor (volume 18L) in a compost-basedmedium under illumination at 3000 lux for 90 hours. We show that initial cell density 0.137 g·dm-3 is able to fixate CO2 up to 30.31 g·dm-3· day-1 (93.56%) under a CO2 inflow of 23.80 g·hour-1 with biomass productivity 0.44 g·dm-3· day-1 and lipid yield 0.0795 glipid·gcell-1, and it also shows the potential to fixate carbon dioxide 28.43 g·dm-3·day-1 (31.51%) and produce high lipid amounts (0.0739 g·g-1) under a carbon dioxide inflow 48.17 g·hour-1. Cultivation with a higher initial cell density (0.325 g · dm-3) shows better resistance under carbon dioxide inflow 48.17 g·hour-1 with carbon fixation 37.95 g·dm-3·day-1(58%), biomass production 0.82 g·dm-3·day-1, lipid yield 0.0834 g·g-1, and good potential under carbon dioxide inflow 65.96 g·hour-1. This research shows the potential of C. vulgaris in reducing high concentrations of CO2, which is beneficial for biomass and/or lipid production. These are in turn useful for biodiesel and food supplements. Further study is necessary for adapting this potential on a commercial scale."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini menganalisis determinan emisi karbon dioksida (CO2) di Indonesia dihubungkan dengan hipotesis Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Permodelan empiris dilakukan dengan Simultaneous Equation Model (SEM) antara produk domestik bruto (PDB) per kapita dengan emisi CO2 dengan menggunakan data runtut waktu dari 1974 hingga 2011. Uji Hausman melihat hubungan simultan dan endogenitas dari PDB per kapita dan emisi CO2. Dengan metode Two-stage Least Squares (2SLS) diperoleh hasil hipotesis EKC berlangsung di Indonesia. PDB per kapita, peranan industri terhadap perekonomian, dan kepadatan penduduk berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan emisi CO2. Namun demikian, konsumsi energi terbarukan tidak secara signifikan berpengaruh menurunkan emisi CO2.

---

ABSTRACT

This thesis analyzes determinants of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in Indonesia associated with Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Empirical modelling with Simultaneous Equation Model (SEM) between per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and CO2 emission by using time series data from 1974 to 2011. Hausman tests investigate simultaneous relationship and endogeneity between per capita GDP and CO2 emission. By Two-stage Least Squares (2SLS) method, results support Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. GDP per capita, share of industry, and population density significantly affect the increasing of CO2 emission. However, renewable energy consumption did not significantly affect the reducing of CO2 emission."

"Carbon dioxide (CO2) as one of the greenhouse gas emissions was decomposed to Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Oxygen (O2) in the three-pass flow Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma reactor, a new designed reactor that having special configuration of its reactant gas flow.This configuration can simultaneously cools the High Voltage Electrode (HVE) during the reaction process; and preheats the gas feed flow before entering plasma zone as well. Thisarticle explains the result of a preliminary research which aims to observe the performance of this reactor in utilizing CO2, mixed with CH4 to produce synthesis gas CO and H2, in a CO2 reforming process. This research was conducted using 3 (three) different reactor lengths, they were 36, 24 and 12 cm (Re1, Re2 and Re3), to observe the results of CO2 decomposition performance in the difference reactor lengths, and to observed the occurrence of reverse reaction inside the Re1 reactor. Other parameters were feed flow rates and the reactor voltage. Applied CO2 flow rates were 500, 1000 and 1500 SCCM/minute and applied reactor voltage were 5.4; to 9.5 kV. Results show that the conversion of CO2 was increased with the increasing of reactor voltage and longer reactor. The highest conversion was achieve at the lowest feed flow rate 500 SCCM/minute, this mean in the longest residence time. However, CO2 was only reaching the maximum conversion value on the reaction time of 2.1 minute, and dropped off after that. It is possibly caused by occurring of the reversed reaction due to the high temperature plasma reaction. At that point, the Specific Energy (SE) was 270 kJ/mol. This value is lower compare to the previous research results, as well as compare to its energy bonding, that shows the more energy efficient performance of this reactor."

"Tradisi Hari Raya Idul Fitri mudik memiliki berbagai dampak yang berefek pada kesehatan masyarakat serta lingkungan, salah satunya adalah dampak berupa emisi gas rumah kaca yang dihasilkan dari penggunaan kendaraan pribadi untuk melakukan perjalanan. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dari penelitian ini ialah menghitung serta menganalisis angka jejak karbon yang dihasilkan oleh pemudik, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap jejak karbon yang dihasilkan, serta mengajukan rekomendasi untuk menurunkan jejak karbon yang dihasilkan oleh pemudik. Ada pun metode perhitungan jejak karbon yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode yang didasarkan pada jarak tempuh perjalanan atau distance-based method. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini didapat dari penyebaran kuesioner yang ditujukan kepada para pemudik yang bertempat tinggal di Kota Depok dan Kota Jakarta Timur. Perhitungan menunjukkan hasil bahwa rata-rata jejak karbon yang dihasilkan per pemudik Kota Depok adalah 51,696 kgCO2/orang untuk perjalanan keberangkatan dan 54,475 kgCO2/orang untuk perjalanan kepulangan; sedangkan untuk Kota Jakarta Timur didapat sebesar 57,984 kgCO2/orang untuk perjalanan keberangkatan dan 58,258 kgCO2/orang untuk perjalanan kepulangan. Analisis koefisien korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penumpang pada kendaraan dan jarak tempuh merupakan faktor utama yang menentukan besarnya jejak karbon. Melalui penelitian ini, didapat gambaran mengenai besarnya jejak karbon yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas mudik pada masyarakat Kota Depok dan Jakarta Timur serta beberapa rekomendasi yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk menurunkan angka jejak karbon tersebut.

---

The annual Eid Al-Fitr tradition of ‘mudik’ has its own impacts on human health as well as the environment’s, one of which takes form as the greenhouse gas emissions as the result of private vehicles use. The objectives of this research include analyzing the greenhouse gas emission, analyzing its contributing factors, and providing recommendations to decrease said emission. The method used in this research is the distance-based method. Information utilized was collected through the spreading of an online questionnaire targeted towards the travelers residing in the city of Depok and East Jakarta. Results show that the average individual carbon footprint amounts to 51,696 kgCO2/person from Depok citizens’ departure trip dan 54,475 kgCO2/person from their return; as for the East Jakarta citizens, the carbon footprint weighs at 57,984 kgCO2/person from departure and 58,258 kgCO2/person from return. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis shows that the main contributing factors as to how much greenhouse gas is emitted are the number of passengers occupying the vehicle and the distance through which the vehicles travel. This research paints the image of how much the tradition of mudik done by Depok and East Jakarta citizens produces greenhouse gas and offers considerable suggestions to decrease the numbers."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Hutan Kota Patriot Bina Bangsa dan Taman Kota Bekasi yaitu tidak adanya data komunitas pohon dan serapan karbon serta estimasi kebutuhan pohon untuk menyerap karbondioksida kendaraan bermotor. Penelitian ini dilakukan di bulan Januari--Mei 2021. Pengambilan sampel pohon menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan petak bujur sangkar ukuran 20x20 meter. Pengambilan sampel kendaraan bermotor menggunakan metode survey dan dilakukan di Jalan Ir. H. Juanda selama dua minggu. Hubungan antara niai penting pohon dan serapan karbon ditentukan menggunakan analisis regresi linear dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat kuat antara nilai penting pohon dan serapan karbon di Hutan Kota Patriot Bina Bangsa dan sedang di Taman Kota Bekasi. Estimasi kebutuhan pohon yang dipenuhi yaitu sebesar 3.093 pohon dengan rata-rata diameter setinggi dada 0,31 m.

---

This research was conducted to answer the problems faced by the Patriot Bina Bangsa Urban Forest and Bekasi City Park, namely the absence of tree community data and carbon sequestration and the estimation of tree needs to absorb carbon dioxide from motor vehicles. This research was conducted in January-May 2021. Sampling of trees using purposive sampling method with a square plot measuring 20x20 meters. Sampling of motorized vehicles using the survey method and conducted on Jalan Ir. H. Juanda for two weeks. The relationship between tree importance value and carbon sequestration was determined using linear regression analysis with a 95% confidence level. The results of this study indicate a very strong relationship between the importance value of trees and carbon sequestration in the Patriot Bina Bangsa City Forest and medium in Bekasi City Park. Estimated tree needs that are met are 3093 trees with an average diameter of 0.31 m at breast height."

"Tesis ini membahas analisis rencana penerapan skenario kebijakan Proyek Penurunan Emisi dan Carbon Emission Credits pada PT. Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk. untuk menurunkan emisi CO2. Teori sistem dinamis digunakan sebagai basis untuk menerapkan skenario ini. Indikator hasil makro yang dianalisis adalah produksi baja, emisi CO2, dan laba kotor perusahaan. Disamping itu, diberikan juga analisis kelayakan setiap proyek untuk melihat sisi finansial dari skala mikro. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan penerapan Proyek Penurunan Emisi dapat menurunkan emisi CO2, namun analisis kelayakannya masih belum layak meskipun telah ditambahkan dengan Carbon Emission Credits. Mengingat pentingnya penerapan Proyek Penurunan Emisi ini, maka dibutuhkan kebijakan lain untuk mendukung penerapan proyek ini.

---

The focus of this study is to analyze policy design for Emission Reduction Project and Carbon Emission Credits in PT. Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk. to reduce CO2 emission. System Dynamics model is used as basic for implementation the Emission Reduction Project scenario. Steel production, CO2 emission, and gross profit will be analyzed as macro output indicators. Moreover, feasibility study in every project will be analyzed as micro output indicator in finance point of view. This study shows that Emission Reduction Project can reduce CO2 emission. Unfortunately, the feasibility study said it is not feasible to implement although Carbon Emission Credits has been implemented too. Remembering how important the implementation of Emission Reduction Project is, it still needs another policies to support the implementation of project then."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis jejak karbon yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas mudik menggunakan transportasi pribadi berfokus pada pemudik asal Kota Tangerang dan Kota Bekasi. Emisi gas rumah kaca dari kategori transportasi, khususnya transportasi darat, memiliki kontribusi signifikan terhadap total emisi sektor energi di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi jejak karbon dalam aktivitas mudik serta memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik terkait hal ini. Metode perhitungan jejak karbon dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada metode fuel-based dari dokumen World Resources Institute (WRI) Indonesia. Faktor emisi (EF) bahan bakar di Indonesia digunakan untuk memastikan relevansi hasil perhitungan. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuisioner yang disebarkan kepada pemudik asal Kota Tangerang dan Kota Bekasi. Analisis korelasi Pearson dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap jejak karbon, di mana hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa jarak perjalanan memiliki pengaruh paling signifikan. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa jejak karbon dari pemudik asal Kota Tangerang mencapai 10396,8 kgCO2, sementara pemudik asal Kota Bekasi memiliki jejak karbon sebesar 7218,5 kgCO2. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya kesadaran terhadap dampak jejak karbon dalam aktivitas mudik menggunakan transportasi pribadi, dengan harapan dapat menghasilkan rekomendasi yang lebih baik untuk penurunan emisi di masa mendatang.

---

This research analyzes the carbon footprint generated from homecoming activities using private transportation, focusing on homecomers from Tangerang and Bekasi. Greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation category, particularly land transportation, significantly contribute to the total energy sector emissions in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors influencing the carbon footprint in homecoming activities and to provide a better understanding of this issue. The carbon footprint calculation method in this research refers to the fuel-based method from the World Resources Institute (WRI) Indonesia's document. Fuel emission factors (EF) in Indonesia are utilized to ensure the relevance of the calculation results. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to homecomers from Tangerang and Bekasi. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to identify the most influential factors on the carbon footprint, where the results showed that travel distance had the most significant impact. The calculation results indicate that the carbon footprint from homecomers from Tangerang reached 10,396.8 kgCO2, while homecomers from Bekasi had a carbon footprint of 7,218.5 kgCO2. The implications of this research underscore the importance of awareness regarding the carbon footprint impact in homecoming activities using private transportation, with the hope of generating better recommendations for emission reduction in the future."

"ABSTRACTKarbon dioksida (CO2) adalah gas rumah kaca utama yang menyebabkan pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim. Karena jumlahnya yang melimpah, CO2 dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber C1 terbarukan untuk sintesis bahan kimia yang berguna. Dalam penelitian ini, telah dilakukan studi reaksi karboksilasi fenilasetilena dengan CO2 menggunakan katalis logam Ni terimpregnasi pada support karbon mesopori. Karbon mesopori telah berhasil disintesis dengan metode soft template menggunakan Pluronik F127 sebagai pembentuk pori, formaldehida dan phloroglucinol sebagai sumber karbon, dan HCl sebagai katalis asam. Material ini dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR, XRD, SEM, dan BET. Modifikasi support dilakukan dengan cara impregnasi logam Ni ke dalam karbon mesopori (Ni@MC). Katalis Ni@MC digunakan sebagai katalis dalam reaksi karboksilasi fenilasetilena dengan CO2. Reaksi dilakukan dalam reaktor dengan kondisi reaksi yang bervariasi, yakni variasi jenis pelarut (DMF dan Toluene), variasi tekanan (1 atm, 3 atm, 5 atm), variasi suhu (85oC, 100oC, 125oC). Produk reaksi karboksilasi ini yang diharapkan merupakan asamsinamat yang kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan HPLC untuk menentukan %yield dan %konversi.

---

ABSTRACTCarbon dioxide (CO2) is the main greenhouse gas that causes global warming and climate change. Due to its abundance, CO2 can be used as a renewable C1 source for the synthesis of useful chemicals. In this research, carboxylation reaction of phenylacetylene with CO2 has been carried out using nickel impregnated in mesoporous carbon as catalyst support. Mesoporous carbon has been successfully synthesized using soft template method with Pluronik F127 as a pore-forming, formaldehyde and phloroglucinol as carbon source, and HCl as acid catalyst. Material was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and BET. Modification of support was done by impregnating nickel into mesoporous carbon (Ni@MC). Ni@MC was then used as a catalyst in carboxylation reaction of phenylacetylene with CO2. The reactions were carried out in reactor with various conditions, such as temperature (85oC, 100oC, 125oC), solvent (DMF and Toluene), and pressure (1 atm, 3 atm, 5 atm). The result of carboxylation reactions which is expected to be cinnamic acid, were analyzed by HPLC and LC MS to determine yield and conversion."