Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Erythrina subumbrans atau Dadap Duri adalah salah satu tanaman yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Sumatera Barat sebagai pengobatan antidiabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara ilmiah penggunaan daun Dadap Duri sebagai obat antidiabetes pada hewan model Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor tikus jantan galur Wistar yang dikelompokkan menjadi 6 kelompok (n = 4). Kelompok normal tidak diberikan perlakuan sedangkan lima kelompok lainnya (kelompok kontrol negatif, positif, dan 3 variasi dosis ekstrak) diberikan perlakuan berupa pemberian pakan tinggi lemak dan injeksi Streptozotocin-Nikotinamid. Kelompok kontrol negatif diberikan CMC Na 0,5%, kelompok kontrol positif diberikan Metformin 90 mg/200 g BB, kelompok variasi dosis diberikan ekstrak etanol daun Dadap Duri dengan tiga dosis berbeda yaitu 50 mg/200 g BB, 100 mg/200 g BB, dan 200 mg/200 g BB yang diberikan secara oral. Tikus diinduksi oleh pakan tinggi lemak selama 28 hari dan kemudian diinjeksikan Streptozotocin yang dikombinasikan dengan Nikotinamid dosis 110 mg/kg BB. Evaluasi terhadap parameter fungsi ginjal dilakukan setelah injeksi STZ dan dievaluasi kenaikan nilainya. Ekstrak etanol daun Dadap Duri diberikan selama 21 hari. Hasil kadar serum 8-OHdG, kreatinin, dan urea kelompok dosis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol negatif dengan kelompok Dosis 3 (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, ekstrak etanol daun dadap duri dapat memperbaiki fungsi ginjal pada tikus model DM Tipe 2.

---

Erythrina subumbrans or Dadap Duri is one of the plants used by the people of West Sumatera as an antidiabetic treatment. This study aims to scientifically prove the use of Dadap Duri leaves as an antidiabetic drug in animal model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This study used 24 male Wistar rats which were divided into 6 groups (n = 4). The normal group was not treated. The other five groups (negative control group, positive control group, and three extract doses) were given treatment in the form of high-fat diet and injection of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide. The negative control group was given 0.5% CMC Na, the positive control group was given Metformin 90 mg/200 g BW, the dose variation group was given ethanol extract of Dadap Duri leaves with three different doses, namely 50 mg/200 g BW, 100 mg/200 g BW, and 200 mg/200 g BW given orally. Rat were induced by high-fat diet for 28 days and then injected with Streptozotocin in combination with Nicotinamide at a dose of 110 mg/kg BW. Evaluation of renal function parameters was carried out after STZ injection. The ethanol extract of Dadap Duri leaves was given for 21 days. The results of serum creatinine, urea, and 8-OHdG levels showed that there is a significant difference between dose 3 group and negative control group (p<0.05). Based on these results, the ethanol extract of Dadap Duri leaves can improve kidney function in rat model of DM type 2."

"Erythrina subumbrans, yang biasa dikenal dengan Dadap Duri telah digunakan untuk pengobatan kencing manis oleh masyarakat di wilayah Sumatra Barat. Tanaman ini memiliki potensi antidiabetes karena memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat enzim α-glukosidase, dan menginduksi pengambilan glukosa ke sel. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun Erythrina subumbrans (EEES) terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan kadar MDA pada tikus Wistar diabetes yang diinduksi pakan tinggi lemak (PTL)/Streptozotocin dosis rendah. Hiperglikemia diinduksi pada tikus dengan memberikan PTL selama 4 minggu diikuti dengan injeksi intraperitoneal dua kali kombinasi Nikotinamid 110mg/kg BB dan streptozotocin dosis rendah (40mg/kg BB). Tikus dirandom, dan kemudian dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok (n=4). Tikus diabetes diobati dengan EEES secara oral dengan dosis 50, 100, dan 200mg/200gBB sekali sehari selama tiga minggu. Metformin (90mg/200gBB, per oral) digunakan sebagai obat referensi. Kadar glukosa darah sewaktu diukur setiap hari ke-7 menggunakan glukometer selama tiga minggu pengobatan. Setelah pengobatan, parameter serum MDA dihitung. Tes toleransi glukosa intraperitoneal dan tes toleransi insulin intraperitoneal dilakukan pada hari terakhir pengobatan. EEES pada dosis 200mg/200gBB yang diberikan secara oral secara signifikan (P < 0,05) dapat menurunkan dan menormalkan kadar glukosa darah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol PTL/STZ-NA. Penurunan kadar serum MDA selama perlakuan EEES pada dosis 3 berbeda secara signifikan (P ≤0,05) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol PTL/STZ-NA. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa daun Erythrina subumbrans menunjukkan aksi hipoglikemik dan efek antioksidan yang menjanjikan mulai dari dosis 200mg/200gBB.

---

Erythrina subumbrans, commonly known as Dadap Duri have been used for the treatment of diabetes by people in West Sumatra. This plant has antidiabetic potential because its’ activity in inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes, and inducing glucose utilization as well glucose uptake. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Erythrina subumbrans leaf (EEES) on blood glucose level and oxidative stress parameter (Serum MDA) in High-Fat diet (HFD)/Low-Dose Streptozotocin- induced diabetic Wistar rats. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by giving HFD for 4 weeks followed by twice intraperitoneal injection of a combination of Nicotinamide 110mg/kg BW and low dose streptozotocin (40mg/kg BW). Rats were randomized, and then divided into 6 groups (n=4).

The diabetic rats were treated with EEES orally at the doses of 50, 100, and 200mg/200gBW once daily for three weeks. Metformin (90mg/200gBW, orally) was used as a reference drug. The non-fasting blood glucose levels were measured every 7th day using a glucometer during three weeks of treatment. After treatment, Serum MDA was estimated. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were done on the last day of treatment. EEES at the dose of 200mg/200gBW orally significantly (P < 0,05) reduced and normalized blood glucose levels as compared to that HFD/STZ-NA control group. Reduction of serum MDA level during EEES treatment on dose 3 significantly different (P ≤ 0,05) compared to that HFD/STZ-NA control group. This study concludes that Erythrina subumbrans leaf demonstrated promising hypoglycemic action and antioxidants effect starting at a dose of 200mg/200gBW."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia yang prevalensinya semakin meningkat. Data RisKesDas menunjukkan bahwa sebagian masyarakat Indonesia memanfaatkan obat herbal untuk mengatasi DM. Daun kari (Murraya koenigii) adalah salah satu tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai rempah dan penambah aroma makanan, telah digunakan sebagai herbal untuk mengatasi hiperglikemia pada masyarakat khususnya oleh masyarakat Aceh. Sehubungan dengan itu diperlukan penelitian untuk membuktikan efek antihiperglikemia daun kari untuk memperoleh bukti ilmiah mengenai keamanan dan efikasi penggunaan daun kari untuk mengatasi DM.Tujuan penelitian. Membuktikan efek antihiperglikemia dan mekanisme dasar efek antihiperglikemia daun kari (Murraya koenigii) pada tikus diabetes yang diinduksi dengan streptozotosin dan nikotinamid.Metode penelitian. Studi eksperimental in vivo menggunakan 30 tikus Spraque-Dawley yang diinduksi hiperglikemia dengan streptozotosin 55 mg/kg.BB dan nikotinamid 120 mg/kg.BB (STZ-NA). Selanjutnya kelompok tikus diberikan ekstrak etanol daun kari (Murraya koenigii) 200 mg/kg.BB, 400 mg/kg.BB dan glibenklamid 1 mg/kg.BB selama 30 hari. Berat badan dan kadar glukosa darah dihitung secara berkala. Parameter yang diperiksan adalah insulin plasma, kadar MDA dan GSH, aktivitas enzim heksokinase dan glukosa-6-fosfat dehidrogenase, ekspresi mRNA GLUT4, TNF-α dan IL-1β, Fungsi hati dan ginjal dan histopatologi pankreas serta hati yang diwarnai Hematoksilin-Eosin.Hasil. Ekstrak etanol Murraya koenigii (MKE) dosis 200 and 400 mg/kg.BB menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan indeks HOMA-IR tikus diabetes secara signifikan dibanding dengan tikus diabetes yang tidak diterapi. Pemberian MKE pada tikus diabetes memperbaiki aktivitas rate limitting enzyme yang terlibat dalam metabolisme glukosa dan meningkatan ekspresi mRNA GLUT4 pada otot skelet yang terlibat dalam homeostasis glukosa. Pemberian MKE juga memodulasi efek inflamasi pada tikus diabetes secara signifikan dan mengendalikan stres oksidatif akibat diabetes.Kesimpulan. Ekstrak etanol Murraya koenigii (MKE) 200 dan 400 mg/kg.BB mempunyai efek antihiperglikemia. Mekanisme efek antihiperglikemia MKE melalui perannya dalam meningkatkan kapasitas antioksidan, meningkatkan aktivitas rate limiting enzyme yang terlibat dalam metabolisme glukosa, meregulasi transporter glukosa dan meregulasi mediator pro-inflamasi.

---

ABSTRACTBackground. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia with increasing prevalence in the world. Data from RISKESDAS 2013 showed that certain Indonesian use herbal medicines to treat DM. Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) is commonly used as a spice and food enhancer and has been used as an herb to treat hyperglycemia in the community, especially by Acehnese. Research to prove the antihiperglycemia effect of curry leaves is scientifically needed to support evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of using curry leaves to the treatment of DMAims. The present study aimed to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect and the mechanism of the antihyperglycemic effect of curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide.Methods Thirty Spraque-Dawley rats were induced hyperglycemia by streptozotocin 55 mg/kg b.w and nicotinamide 120 mg/kg b.w (STZ-NA). The hyperglycemic rats were treated with an ethanolic extract of Murraya koenigii 200 mg/kg b.w, 400 mg/kg b.w, and glibenclamide 1 mg/kg b.w 30 days. The body weight and blood glucose levels were recorded. Plasma insulin, MDA and GSH levels, hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity GLUT4, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA expression were examined after 30 days treatment and pancreatic and liver histopathology assessed by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining.Results. Ethanolic extract of Murraya koenigii (MKE) of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w showed a significant reduction in blood glucose level and HOMA-IR. Administration of MKE improved the activity of rate-limiting enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and increased GLUT4 mRNA expression in skeletal muscles involved in glucose homeostasis. Besides, supplementation of MKE appeared to modulate the inflammatory reaction in diabetic rats significantly and controled oxidative stress due to hyperglycemiaConclusions The present study reveals that ethanol extract of Murraya koenigii 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. possess antihyperglycemic effect. The antihyperglycemic mechanism of the MKE carried out by means of its role in increasing antioxidant capacity, increase the activity of the rate-limiting enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, regulate glucose transporter and modulate pro-inflammatory mediators."

"Hingga saat ini, belum ada penanda biologis yang menggambarkan kondisi penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) akibat diabetes melitus (DM) sejak dini. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara rasio albumin kreatinin urin (Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio, UACR) dengan laju filtrasi glomerulus yang diestimasi (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, eGFR) sebagai penanda gangguan fungsi ginjal pada pasien DM tipe 2 RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Sampel urin dan serum diambil dari 18 subjek sehat dan 10 pasien DM tipe 2. Metode spektrofotometri digunakan untuk mengukur kadar albumin urin, kreatinin urin dan kreatinin serum. Data lain diperoleh dari kuesioner. Hasilnya, nilai eGFR pasien DM (68,85 ± 15,36 (Cockroft); 73,94 ± 16,30 (CKD-EPI)) lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan subjek sehat (90,51 ± 15,69, p < 0,01 (Cockcroft); 91,13 ± 21,21, p < 0,05 (CKD-EPI)), sedangkan nilai UACR pasien DM (314,99 ± 494,92) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan subjek sehat (0,48 ± 0,75, p < 0,01). Namun, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara UACR dengan eGFR pasien DM.

---

Until now, no biological marker that describes the condition of chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to diabetes mellitus (DM) from the outset. This study aimed to determine the relationship between urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) with estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) as a marker of renal dysfunction at type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Urine and serum samples taken from 18 healthy subjects and 10 type 2 diabetic patients. Spectrophotometric methods used to measure levels of urinary albumin, urinary creatinine and serum creatinine. Other data obtained from questionnaires.

Results, eGFR values were lower in DM patients (68.85 ± 15.36 (Cockroft); 73.94 ± 16.30 (CKD-EPI)) compared with healthy subjects (90.51 ± 15.69, p < 0.01 (Cockcroft); 91,13 ± 21,21, p < 0,05 (CKD-EPI)), while the value of UACR in DM patients (314.99 ± 494.92) was higher than healthy subjects (0.48 ± 0.75, p < 0.01). However, there was no significant correlation between UACR with eGFR of DM patients."

"Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) secara empiris telah digunakan sebagai obat alternatif untuk berbagai penyakit termasuk diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis efek hipoglikemik kapsul sambiloto sebagai terapi tambahan pada penyandang diabetes melitus tipe 2. Double-blind randomized controlled trial cross-over desain pada 34 subyek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama sambiloto mendapat 2 kali 2 kapsul sehari selama 14 hari, dan kelompok kedua mendapat plasebo selama 14 hari. Kedua kelompok tetap menggunakan metformin sebagai terapi standar kemudian dievaluasi kadar glukosa darah pasca terapi 14 hari. Pada pemberian kapsul sambiloto selama 14 hari tampak penurunan kadar glukosa darah puasa lebih besar dibandingkan plasebo, tetapi tidak bermakna. Kapsul sambiloto bermakna menurunkan kadar glukosa darah 2 jam setelah makan. Kesimpulan: Kapsul sambiloto dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah namun bermakna secara statistik hanya 2 jam setelah makan.

---

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) is empirically used as an alternative medicine for various diseases including diabetes mellitus, but the scientific evident for treatment in humans is still limited. This study analyze the effects of hypoglycemic sambiloto capsules as additional therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Double-blind randomized controlled trial, cross-over design in 34 subjects who were divided into two groups. The first groups sambiloto received 2 capsules 2 times daily for 14 days, and the second groups received placebo for 14 days. Both groups kept taking metformin as standard therapy with an the evaluation of blood glucose levels on day 14. The results showed that administration of sambiloto capsules for 14 days, the blood glucose levels is greater compared to placebo but not significantly. Sambiloto capsules significantly reduced blood glucose 2 hours after eating. Conclusions: sambiloto capsules shown to reduced blood glucose levels, but statistically significant only in 2 hours after eating."

"Latar belakang: Gangguan fungsi ginjal pada tahap awal sangat jarang diketahui karena belum memunculkan tanda dan gejala. Saat gangguan fungsi ginjal berkembang progresif dan muncul penyakit ginjal terminal hingga hemodialisis akan menyebabkan status kesehatan jemaah haji menjadi risiko tinggi dan dapat menjadi tidak memenuhi syarat istithaah. Perlu dilakukan evaluasi lebih awal dengan mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi ginjal seperti obesitas sentral untuk mendapatkan upaya pencegahan dan intervensi yang lebih menguntungkan. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi gangguan fungsi ginjal dan hubungan obesitas sentral dengan gangguan gangguan fungsi ginjal pada jemaah haji penderita DM tipe 2. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional terhadap 2.106 jemaah haji yang menderita DM tipe 2. Subyek diperoleh dari data sekunder Siskohatkes Shar'i Puskeshaji Kemenkes RI tahun 1438 H / 2017 M. Semua subyek dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan di puskesmas atau rumah sakit rujukan. Estimasi nilai LFG menggunakan persamaan CKD EPI untuk menentukan fungsi ginjal. Obesitas sentral ditentukan menggunakan indeks lemak visceral. Analisis menggunakan regresi logistik multivariat. Hasil: Nilai rata-rata estimasi LFG 78,63 ml/menit/1,72 m2. Prevalensi gangguan fungsi ginjal pada jemaah haji yang menderita DM tipe 2 sebesar 39,55%. Prevalensi gangguan fungsi ginjal pada Jemaah haji penderita DM tipe 2 dengan obesitas sentral adalah 29,17%. Obesitas sentral berhubungan signifikan secara statistik dengan gangguan fungsi ginjal pada jemaah haji penderita DM tipe 2. Nilai adjusted OR sebesar 1,45 (95% CI 1,19-1,77). Kesimpulan: Prevalensi gangguan fungsi ginjal pada jemaah haji yang menderita DM tipe 2 sebesar 39,55%. Obesitas sentral berhubungan secara signifikan dengan gangguan fungsi ginjal pada jemaah haji yang menderita DM tipe 2.

---

Background: Impaired renal function in the early stages often not raised signs and symptoms. End-stage renal disease with hemodialysis will cause Indonesian pilgrims in high risk health status and does not meet istithaah requirements. Early detection of risk factors such as central obesity might be directed to benefit prevention dan intervention.

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of renal function impairment in type 2 DM and the association of central obesity with renal function impairment among Indonesian pilgrim with type 2 DM based on Siskohatkes shar'i 1438 H / 2017 M.

Methods: This cross sectional studi consisted of 2.106 Indonesian pilgrims with type 2 DM. The data was obtained from Siskohatkes 2017 of Pilgrimage Health Center, Ministry of Health. The variable data analyzed were creatinin serum, anthropometric, age, gender, smoking, family history of end-stage renal disease, blood pressure, HDL, LDL, trigliserida and uric acid. Renal function impairment was defined according to Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation to estimate Glomerulus Filtration Rate (eGFR). Central obesity was determined using visceral adiposity index (VAI). Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association of central obesity and renal function impairment.

Result: The prevalence of renal function impairment in Indonesia pilgrim with type 2 DM was 39,55%. The mean of eGFR was 78,63 ml/min/1,72 m2. Central obesity was associated with renal function impairment (adjusted OR = 1,45; 95% CI 1,19-1,77).

Conclusion: The prevalence of renal function impairment in Indonesia pilgrim with type 2 DM was 39,55%. Central obesity was associated with renal function impairment."

"Latar belakang: Prevalensi diabetes di dunia dan Indonesia tinggi. Gula darah yang tidak terkontrol akan menyebabkan komplikasi berupa kerusakan organ-organ. Obat diabetes harus digunakan dalam waktu lama sehingga membutuhkan biaya besar serta memiliki beberapa efek samping. Pengobatan diabetes menggunakan daun Ficus carica menjadi alternatif potensial dalam pengobatan diabetes karena mudah didapatkan dan memiliki efek antidiabetes dan antioksidan, tetapi masih perlu penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui efektivitasnya dalam pencegahan komplikasi diabetes. Penelitian ini menelusuri hubungan ektrak etanol daun Tin terhadap pencegahan komplikasi diabetes dilihat dari kerusakan yang terjadi pada sel Langerhans pankreas dan Tubulus ginjal. Metode: Tikus Wistar jantan dibagi menjadi enam kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (metformin), dan tiga kelompok daun Tin (200 mg/KgBB, 400 mg/KgBB, 800 mg/KgBB), semuanya diinduksi dengan Streptozotocin (STZ) dosis tunggal 40 mg/KgBB kecuali kelompok normal. Setelah 4 minggu, dilakukan terminasi tikus untuk diambil organnya. Pengamatan histologi menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoxylin Eosin (H&E) dilakukan untuk mengamati kerusakan sel Langerhans pankreas, mengamati ukuran, jumlah, dan sel dominan, serta tubulus ginjal, mengamati dilatasi dan nekrosis. Selanjutnya dikelompokkan menjadi tidak ada kerusakan, kerusakan kecil, kerusakan sedang, dan kerusakan berat. Hasil: Tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik pada semua kelompok tikus baik pada kerusakan pankreas (p=0,239), kerusakan terkecil Tin 800 mg/KgBB, maupun ginjal (p=0,116), kerusakan terkecil Tin 400 mg/KgBB. Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak etanol daun Tin tidak memberikan efek penurunan yang berbeda pada kerusakan pankreas tikus, kerusakan paling kecil pada Tin 800 mg/KgBB, dan ginjal tikus, kerusakan paling kecil pada Tin 400 mg/KgBB.

---

Introduction: The diabetes prevalence in the world and Indonesia is high. Blood sugar that is’t controlled will cause complications, organ damage. Diabetic drugs must be used for a long time, hence it will cost a lot and have several side effects. Treatment of diabetes using Ficus carica leaves is a potential alternative treatment of diabetes because it is easy to obtain and has anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects, but further research is still needed to determine its effectiveness in preventing diabetes complications. This study explores the relationship of ethanol extract of tin leaves to the prevention of diabetes complications, the damage that occurs in pancreatic Langerhans cells and kidney tubules. Method: Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups consisted of normal group, negative control, positive control(metformin), and three groups of tin leaves (200 mg/KgBW,400 mg/KgBW,800 mg/KgBW), which were induced with Streptozotocin (STZ) single dose of 40 mg/Kg BW except the normal group. After 4 weeks, the rats were terminated for their organs. Histological Hematoxylin Eosin (H&E) staining were carried out to observe damage to pancreatic Langerhans cells, observe size, number, and predominant cells, as well as renal tubules, observe dilatation and necrosis, grouped into no damage, minor damage, moderate damage, and heavy damage. Result: There were no statistically significant differences found in all groups of rats, both in pancreatic damage (p=0.239), the smallest damage in the 800 mg/KgBW fig group, and in the kidney (p=0.116), the smallest damage in the 400 mg/KgBW fig group. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of fig leaf did not give a different reduction effect on pancreatic damage, the smallest damage was in the 800 mg/KgBW Tin group, and the rat kidney damage, the smallest damage was in the 400 mg/KgBW Tin group."

"Maen pukulan merupakan budaya Betawi yang mengandung unsur olah raga, budaya, spiritual, dan bela diri. Ia merupakan warisan yang hidup pada masyarakat Betawi serta Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Satu aliran maen pukulan yang relatif lama, eksis, dan populer pada masa kini ialah Beksi Tradisional H. Hasbullah. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengkaji penggunaan memori kolektif pada perguruan maen pukulan Beksi Tradisional H. Hasbullah sebagai bagian dari budaya masyarakat Betawi dilihat dari sistem pewarisan dan pengelolaan perguruan pada masa kini. Pada perguruan tersebut, memori yang terpelihara terbagi menjadi memori individu yang teraplikasi pada guru maen pukul dan memori kolektif yang terdapat pada komunitas. Menggunakan tiga teori mengenai memori kolektif oleh Rubin, Bernecker, dan Halbwachs ditemukan bahwa maen pukulan Beksi Tradisional H. Hasbullah berkembang menggunakan memori kolektif para guru, murid, serta masyarakat yang menanggap pertunjukan Beksi. Ditemukan pula memori individu guru membentuk pola pewarisan yang ia pilih bagi muridnya serta tipe pengelolaan yang digunakan dalam kepengurusan perguruan. Memori kolektif berperan pada pertunjukan yang mengandung Beksi di dalamnya. Memori menjadi panduan ketika terjadi perbedaan walau di sisi lain, memori yang tereduksi menyebabkan terjadinya pengerucutan pakem pertunjukan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya peran memori kolektif untuk eksistensi dan perkembangan maen pukulan di masa depan.

---

Maen pukulan is a part of Betawinese tradition that contains sport, cultural, spiritual, and martial arts elements. It is a living heritage among Betawinese community and is found in Jakarta and its surrounding areas. A relatively old school of maen pukulan which still exists and popular today is the H. Hasbullah’s Traditional Beksi. This research aims to investigate the use of collective memory in the current Maen Pukulan Beksi Traditional H.Hasbullah schools as a part of Betawinese culture related to its cultural inheritance pattern and management. At the maen pukulan schools, there are two types of preserved memory. The first is individual memory which is applied by the maen pukulan gurus and the second is collective memory which is found among the community. Using three theories about collective memory by Rubin, Bernecker, and Halbwachs, it is found that the traditional maen pukulan Beksi of H. Hasbullah has developed through the collective memory of the gurus, students, and the publics who perceive the Beksi performance. It is also found that individual memory of the gurus forms an inheritance pattern which they choose for their students and the type of management use at the maen pukulan school organisation. Collective memory has its role in the performance that contains Beksi in it. The memory, on the one hand, becomes their guide when there is a dispute about Beksi. On the other hand, reduced memory has caused some changes and reduction, along with the continuity in the maen pukulan Beksi performance. This research shows the important role of collective memory in maintaining the existence and development of maen pukulan in the future."

"Latar Belakang: Insidensi dan prevalensi diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) terus meningkat. Penurunan imunitas yang terjadi pada DMT2 dapat meningkatkan risiko infeksi. Kontrol gula darah yang baik bermanfaat dalam pengendalian infeksi dan pencegahan komplikasi makro dan mikrovaskuler tetapi penelitian yang melibatkan pasien DMT2 usia lanjut masih belum konklusif. Serial kasus ini dilakukan untuk melihat efektivitas kontrol gula darah terhadap kesintasan pasien DMT2 yang dirawat di rumah sakit, dan untuk implementasi tatalaksana nutrisi sesuai kebutuhan dan kondisi klinis pasien. Metode: Pasien pada serial kasus ini berusia antara 47 ? 65 tahun. Penyulit infeksi pada keempat pasien ini yaitu gangren diabetikum, selulitis, dan sepsis dengan infeksi paru dan infeksi saluran kemih. Tatalaksana nutrisi pasien dilakukan sesuai dengan rekomendasi American Diabetes Association dan Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes disesuaikan dengan kondisi klinis dan toleransi pasien. Perhitungan kebutuhan nutrisi menggunakan rekomendasi untuk perawatan pasien sakit kritis bagi pasien yang dirawat di intensive care unit (ICU), dan menggunakan perhitungan dengan formula Harris-Benedict bagi yang dirawat di ruangan dengan faktor stres sesuai derajat hipermetabolisme pasien. Pasien dipantau selama 7 ? 11 hari. Edukasi diberikan kepada pasien dan keluarga selama perawatan dan saat akan pulang. Hasil: Dalam pemantauan, tiga pasien menunjukkan perbaikan klinis, toleransi asupan, dan laboratorium, dan dapat dipulangkan, sedangkan satu pasien meninggal dunia. Kesimpulan: Kontrol gula darah, asupan nutrisi yang adekuat, dan edukasi yang sesuai, dapat meningkatkan kesintasan pasien DMT2 dengan penyulit infeksi yang dirawat di rumah sakit.

---

Background: The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing. Immune disfunction in T2DM patient may increase the risk of infection. The appropriate blood glucose control has a benefit in infection control and macro and microvascular complication prevention. The Studies of glycaemic control included older patients did not find convincing evidence. The aim of this case series is to assess the association between glycaemic control and clinical outcome of hospitalized T2DM patient with comorbid infection, and to provide appropriate nutrition therapy based on individual nutrition needs.

Method: Patients in this case series were between 47 - 65 years old. There of those patients were diagnosed T2DM with comorbid gangrenous diabeticum, cellulitis, and sepsis with lung infection and urinary tract infection. Two patients need intensive care in ICU, and another patients in the ward. Two patients received nutrition therapy as critically ill condition, and the rest as American Diabetic Association recommendation, with basal calorie requirement were calculated using Harris-Benedict formula and stress factor suitable for metabolic changes. Monitoring was done for 7 - 11 days. Education was done for the patient and family during hospitalization and discharge planning.

Results: Three patients showed the improvement of clinical conditions, intake tolerance, and laboratory results, whatever one patient was pass away.

Conclusion: Glycaemic control, adequate nutrition intake, and intensive education, may improve survival rate in hospitalized T2DM patient with infection as comorbid."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Prevalensi disfungsi tiroid lebih tinggi pada pasien diabetes dibandingkan populasiumum. Hipotiroidisme memperburuk komplikasi, morbiditas, mortalitas, dan kualitas hidup pasiendiabetes melitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2). Faktor risiko hipotiroidisme pada pasien DM tipe 2 selama ini masihkontradiktif dan belum dikaji secara lengkap. Keberadaan sistem skor hipotiroidisme pada pasien DMtipe 2 diperlukan untuk membantu diagnosis dan menapis pasien DM tipe 2 yang memerlukanpemeriksaan laboratorium fungsi tiroid sebagai baku emas diagnosis hipotiroidisme.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi dan determinan hipotiroidisme pada pasien DM tipe 2.Metode. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan di Poliklinik Divisi Metabolik Endokrin(Poliklinik Diabetes) RSCM pada Juli sampai September 2015 dengan metode sampling konsekutif.Subjek menjalani anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, dan pemeriksaan laboratorium (TSH dan fT4). Analisisdata dilakukan dengan program statistik SPSS Statistics 17.0 untuk analisis univariat, bivariat,multivariat, dan Receiving Characteristics Operator (ROC) dan SPSS Statistics 20.0 untuk analisisbootstrapping pada Kalibrasi Hosmer-Lemeshow.Hasil. Sebanyak 303 subjek dianalisis untuk mendapatkan proporsi disfungsi tiroid dan 299 subjekdianalisis untuk mendapatkan determinan hipotiroidisme. Sebanyak 23 subjek (7,59%) terdiagnosishipotiroidisme, terdiri dari 43,5% subjek hipotiroid klinis dan 56,5% subjek hipotiroid subklinisberdasarkan Indeks Zulewski dan/atau Indeks Billewicz, dengan 16,7% hipotiroid klinis dan 83,3%hipotiroid subklinis berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan fT4. Determinan hipotiroidisme pada pasien DMtipe 2 adalah riwayat penyakit tiroid di keluarga dengan OR sebesar 4,719 (95% IntervalKepercayaan/IK 1,07-20,8, p = 0,04), keberadaan goiter dengan OR sebesar 20,679 (95% IK 3,49122,66, p = 0,001),kontrol glikemik yang buruk dengan OR sebesar 3,460 (95%IK 1,075-11,14, p = 0,037), dan adanya sindrom metabolikOR sebesar 25,718 (95% IK 2,21-299,99, p = 0,01). Simpulan. Proporsi hipotiroidisme pada pasien DM tipe 2 adalah 7,59%. Determinan diagnosis dan komponen sistem skor hipotiroidisme pada pasien DM tipe 2 adalah riwayat penyakit tiroid di keluarga, keberadaan goiter, kontrol glikemik yang buruk, dan adanya sindrom metabolik. Sistem skor yang diberi nama Skor Hipotiroid RSCM ini diharapkan menjadi alat bantu diagnosis hipotiroidisme pada pasienDM tipe 2. ABSTRACT Background. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is greater in diabetes patients compared to generalpopulation. Hypothyroidism is worsening complications, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Risk factors of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are stillcontradictive and not assessed completely. Presence of scoring system to estimate hypothyroidism inT2DM patients are needed to help diagnosing and screening of T2DM patients who need to undergothyroid function test as a gold standard diagnostic for hypothyroidism.Aim. To identify prevalence and estimators of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Metabolic Endocrine (Diabetes) Outpatient ClinicCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July-September 2015 with consecutive sampling method. Allsubjects underwent interview, physical examination, and laboratory testing (TSH and fT4). Analysiswas done by using SPSS Statistics 17.0 for univariate, bivariate, multivariate, and ROC (ReceivingOperator Characteristics) analysis and SPSS Statistics 20.0 for bootstrapping analysis in HosmerLemeshowCalibration. Results. 303 subjects included for proportion study of thyroid dysfunction and 299subjects included for analysis of hypothyroidism determinants. 23 subjects (7,59%) are diagnosed as havinghypothyroidism, consisted of 43,5% clinical hypothyroidism and 56,5% subclinical hypothyroidismbased on clinical scoring index by Zulewski and Billewicz, and 16,7% subjects as having clinicalhypothyroidism and 83,3% subjects as having subclinical hypothyroidism based on fT4 examination.Determinants for hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are family history of thyroid disease with OR 4,719(95% Confident Interval/CI 1,07-20,8, p = 0,04), having goiter or difus struma with OR 20,679 (95%CI 3,49-122,66, p = 0,001), poor glycemic control with OR 3,460 (95% CI 1,075-11,14, p = 0,037), and metabolic syndrome with OR 25,718 (95% CI 2,21-299,99, p = 0,01). Conclusion. Proportion of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients is 7,59%. Determinants and componentsof scoring system of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients consist of family history of thyroid disease,having goiter or difus struma, poor glycemic control, and metabolic syndrome. Scoring system which iscalled RSCM Hypothyroid Score is expected to be a tool for helping diagnosis of hypothyroidism inT2DM patients.;Background. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is greater in diabetes patients compared to generalpopulation. Hypothyroidism is worsening complications, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Risk factors of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are stillcontradictive and not assessed completely. Presence of scoring system to estimate hypothyroidism inT2DM patients are needed to help diagnosing and screening of T2DM patients who need to undergothyroid function test as a gold standard diagnostic for hypothyroidism.Aim. To identify prevalence and estimators of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Metabolic Endocrine (Diabetes) Outpatient ClinicCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July-September 2015 with consecutive sampling method. Allsubjects underwent interview, physical examination, and laboratory testing (TSH and fT4). Analysiswas done by using SPSS Statistics 17.0 for univariate, bivariate, multivariate, and ROC (ReceivingOperator Characteristics) analysis and SPSS Statistics 20.0 for bootstrapping analysis in HosmerLemeshowCalibration. Results.303subjectsincludedforproportionstudyofthyroiddysfunctionand299subjectsincludedforanalysis of hypothyroidism determinants. 23 subjects (7,59%) are diagnosed as havinghypothyroidism, consisted of 43,5% clinical hypothyroidism and 56,5% subclinical hypothyroidismbased on clinical scoring index by Zulewski and Billewicz, and 16,7% subjects as having clinicalhypothyroidism and 83,3% subjects as having subclinical hypothyroidism based on fT4 examination.Determinants for hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are family history of thyroid disease with OR 4,719(95% Confident Interval/CI 1,07-20,8, p = 0,04), having goiter or difus struma with OR 20,679 (95%CI 3,49-122,66, p = 0,001), poor glycemic control with OR 3,460 (95% CI 1,075-11,14, p = 0,037), and metabolic syndrome with OR 25,718 (95% CI 2,21-299,99, p = 0,01).Conclusion. Proportion of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients is 7,59%. Determinants and componentsof scoring system of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients consist of family history of thyroid disease,having goiter or difus struma, poor glycemic control, and metabolic syndrome. Scoring system which iscalled RSCM Hypothyroid Score is expected to be a tool for helping diagnosis of hypothyroidism inT2DM patients.;Background. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is greater in diabetes patients compared to generalpopulation. Hypothyroidism is worsening complications, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Risk factors of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are stillcontradictive and not assessed completely. Presence of scoring system to estimate hypothyroidism inT2DM patients are needed to help diagnosing and screening of T2DM patients who need to undergothyroid function test as a gold standard diagnostic for hypothyroidism.Aim. To identify prevalence and estimators of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Metabolic Endocrine (Diabetes) Outpatient ClinicCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July-September 2015 with consecutive sampling method. Allsubjects underwent interview, physical examination, and laboratory testing (TSH and fT4). Analysiswas done by using SPSS Statistics 17.0 for univariate, bivariate, multivariate, and ROC (ReceivingOperator Characteristics) analysis and SPSS Statistics 20.0 for bootstrapping analysis in HosmerLemeshowCalibration. Results.303subjectsincludedforproportionstudyofthyroiddysfunctionand299subjectsincludedforanalysis of hypothyroidism determinants. 23 subjects (7,59%) are diagnosed as havinghypothyroidism, consisted of 43,5% clinical hypothyroidism and 56,5% subclinical hypothyroidismbased on clinical scoring index by Zulewski and Billewicz, and 16,7% subjects as having clinicalhypothyroidism and 83,3% subjects as having subclinical hypothyroidism based on fT4 examination.Determinants for hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are family history of thyroid disease with OR 4,719(95% Confident Interval/CI 1,07-20,8, p = 0,04), having goiter or difus struma with OR 20,679 (95%CI 3,49-122,66, p = 0,001), poor glycemic control with OR 3,460 (95% CI 1,075-11,14, p = 0,037), and metabolic syndrome with OR 25,718 (95% CI 2,21-299,99, p = 0,01).Conclusion. Proportion of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients is 7,59%. Determinants and componentsof scoring system of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients consist of family history of thyroid disease,having goiter or difus struma, poor glycemic control, and metabolic syndrome. Scoring system which iscalled RSCM Hypothyroid Score is expected to be a tool for helping diagnosis of hypothyroidism inT2DM patients."