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"Latar Belakang : Karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (KSSRM) memiliki insidensi yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia. KSSRM memiliki faktor risiko yang sangat beragam, di antaranya konsumsi produk tembakau, kebiasaan minum minuman beralkohol, konsumsi areca nut, faktor genetik, lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia. Biopsi dan pemeriksaan histopatologis dengan pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin masih menjadi gold standard dalam diagnosis definitif KSSRM. Derajat diferensiasi KSSRM umum digunakan sebagai kriteria untuk mengklasifikasi keparahan jaringan kanker. Namun, diperlukan gambaran histopatologis lain yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Pleomorfisme nuklear mengacu pada variasi ukuran dan bentuk inti sel. Peningkatan pleomorfisme nuklear telah diasosiasikan dengan peningkatan keganasan dan metastasis kanker. Jumlah mitosis atau jumlah sel yang sedang mengalami pembelahan, telah dihubungkan dengan keganasan, prognosis yang buruk, dan metastasis pada KSSRM. Infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik didefinisikan sebagai fenomena invasi sel-sel inflamasi seperti limfosit dan plasma pada daerah peritumoral sebagai respons imun tubuh terhadap sel kanker. Penurunan infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik telah diamati memiliki hubungan dengan terjadinya metastasis nodus limfa, rekurensi, dan prognosis yang buruk. Analisis hubungan derajat pleomorfisme nuklear, jumlah mitosis, dan tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik perlu dilakukan untuk menyusun strategi perawatan yang lebih komprehensif sesuai dengan karakteristik derajat pleomorfisme nuklear, jumlah mitosis, dan tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik pasien. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat keparahan KSSRM berdasarkan derajat pleomorfisme nuklear, jumlah mitosis, dan tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitiknya. Metode : Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan sampel jaringan KSSRM yang diberi pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin. Sampel tersebut diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil : Derajat pleomorfisme nuklear dan jumlah mitosis memiliki hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Hasil yang berkorelasi positif terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM juga teramati pada derajat pleomorfisme nuklear (r=0,584) dan jumlah mitosis (r=0,675). Belum ditemukan hubungan bermakna (p>0,05) antara tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik dan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Belum ditemukan pula hubungan yang bermakna antara lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Kesimpulan : Ditemukan hubungan antara derajat pleomorfisme nuklear dan jumlah mitosis terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Sehingga, makin tingginya derajat pleomorfisme nuklear dan jumlah mitosis akan memperburuk derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Namun, belum ditemukan hubungan antara tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Hubungan bermakna juga belum ditemukan antara lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM.

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Indonesia. OSCC has various risk factors, including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, areca nut use, genetic factor, tumor location, gender, and age. Biopsy and histopathological examination with hematoxylin-eosin staining remain the gold standard for diagnosing OSCC. Thus, the histopathological evaluation of OSCC is critical for determining prognosis and appropriate management. The degree of differentiation of OSCC is commonly used as a criterion for classifying the severity of cancer tissue. However, other histopathological features are needed to determine the degree of differentiation in OSCC. Nuclear pleomorphism refers to variations in the size and shape of cell nuclei. Increased nuclear pleomorphism has been associated with higher malignancy and cancer metastasis. The number of mitoses, reflecting the number of cells undergoing division, has been linked to malignancy, poor prognosis, and metastasis in OSCC cases. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration is defined as invasion by inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and plasma cells as part of the body's immune response to cancer cells. A decrease in lymphoplasmacytic infiltration has been observed to correlate with lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and poor prognosis. Analyzing the relationship between the degree of nuclear pleomorphism, the number of mitosis, and the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration is necessary to develop more comprehensive treatment strategies tailored to the characteristics of nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic count, and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in OSCC patients. Objective: This study aims to analyze the severity of OSCC based on the degree of nuclear pleomorphism, number of mitosis, and the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted using OSCC tissue samples stained with hematoxylin-eosin. These samples were observed under a light microscope. Results: The degree of nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic count showed a significant relationship (p<0.05) with the OSCC degree of differentiation. Positive correlations for nuclear pleomorphism (r=0.584) and mitotic count (r=0.675) with OSCC degree of differentiation. No significant relationship was found (p>0,05) between the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and the OSCC degree of differentiation. Additionally, no significant associations were found between tumor location, gender, and age with the OSCC degree of differentiation. Conclusion: An association was found between the degree of nuclear pleomorphism and number of mitosis with the OSCC degree of differentiation. Thus, higher degree of nuclear pleomorphism and number of mitosis worsen the OSCC degree of differentiation. However, no significant relationship was observed between the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and the OSCC degree of differentiation. Similarly, no significant associations were found between tumor location, gender, and age with the OSCC degree of differentiation."

"Latar Belakang: Kanker mulut, khususnya karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (KSSRM), sering ditemukan di Asia, termasuk Indonesia, terutama pada pria usia lanjut dengan lokasi utama di lidah. Prognosis pasien sangat bergantung pada deteksi dini. Biopsi dan pemeriksaan histopatologis menggunakan pewarnaan hematoksilin dan eosin (H&E) merupakan metode utama, salah satunya penilaian derajat diferensiasi jaringan. Namun, diperlukan tambahan parameter seperti derajat keratinisasi dan reaksi desmoplastik untuk penilaian yang lebih objektif. Selain itu juga, dapat melihat perubahan jaringan dengan melihat daerah yang bersifat displastik. Tujuan: Menentukan derajat diferensiasi jaringan KSSRM berdasarkan derajat keratinisasi dan klasifikasi reaksi desmoplastik serta pengamatan perubahan sifat jaringan. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan sampel jaringan KSSRM yang diwarnai H&E dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil: Belum ditemukan hubungan bermakna (p>0,05) antara usia, jenis kelamin, lokasi tumor, derajat keratinisasi, dan klasifikasi reaksi desmoplastik terhadap derajat diferensiasi. Perubahan jaringan displastik menjadi cancerous dapat diamati pada beberapa sampel. Kesimpulan: Usia, jenis kelamin, lokasi tumor, derajat keratinisasi, dan klasifikasi reaksi desmoplastik belum menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Perubahan jaringan yang bersifat displastik menjadi cancerous dapat diamati pada beberapa jaringan KSSRM dengan masih terlihatnya daerah displastik.

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Background: Oral cancer, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is commonly found in Asia, including Indonesia, especially in older males with the primary site being the tongue. Patient prognosis heavily depends on early detection. Biopsy and histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining remain the main diagnostic methods, including the assessment of tissue differentiation grade. However, additional parameters, such as the degree of keratinization and desmoplastic reaction, are needed for more objective evaluation. In addition, tissue changes can be seen by looking at dysplastic areas. Objective: To determine the differentiation grade of OSCC tissue based on the degree of keratinization and desmoplastic reaction and observation of changes in tissue properties. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study using OSCC tissue samples stained with H&E and observed under a light microscope. Results: No significant relationship (p>0.05) was found between age, gender, tumor location, degree of keratinization, and desmoplastic reaction with the differentiation grade. Dysplastic-to-cancerous transformation was observed in some samples. Conclusion: Age, gender, tumor location, degree of keratinization, and desmoplastic reaction did not show a significant relationship with the differentiation grade of OSCC. Changes in tissue from dysplastic to cancerous in several OSCC tissue were still seen."

"Latar Belakang: Kanker mulut, khususnya karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (KSSRM), sering ditemukan di Asia, termasuk Indonesia, terutama pada pria usia lanjut dengan lokasi utama di lidah. Prognosis pasien sangat bergantung pada deteksi dini. Biopsi dan pemeriksaan histopatologis menggunakan pewarnaan hematoksilin dan eosin (H&E) merupakan metode utama, salah satunya penilaian derajat diferensiasi jaringan. Namun, diperlukan tambahan parameter seperti derajat keratinisasi dan reaksi desmoplastik untuk penilaian yang lebih objektif. Selain itu juga, dapat melihat perubahan jaringan dengan melihat daerah yang bersifat displastik. Tujuan: Menentukan derajat diferensiasi jaringan KSSRM berdasarkan derajat keratinisasi dan klasifikasi reaksi desmoplastik serta pengamatan perubahan sifat jaringan. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan sampel jaringan KSSRM yang diwarnai H&E dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil: Belum ditemukan hubungan bermakna (p>0,05) antara usia, jenis kelamin, lokasi tumor, derajat keratinisasi, dan klasifikasi reaksi desmoplastik terhadap derajat diferensiasi. Perubahan jaringan displastik menjadi cancerous dapat diamati pada beberapa sampel. Kesimpulan: Usia, jenis kelamin, lokasi tumor, derajat keratinisasi, dan klasifikasi reaksi desmoplastik belum menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Perubahan jaringan yang bersifat displastik menjadi cancerous dapat diamati pada beberapa jaringan KSSRM dengan masih terlihatnya daerah displastik.

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Background: Oral cancer, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is commonly found in Asia, including Indonesia, especially in older males with the primary site being the tongue. Patient prognosis heavily depends on early detection. Biopsy and histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining remain the main diagnostic methods, including the assessment of tissue differentiation grade. However, additional parameters, such as the degree of keratinization and desmoplastic reaction, are needed for more objective evaluation. In addition, tissue changes can be seen by looking at dysplastic areas. Objective: To determine the differentiation grade of OSCC tissue based on the degree of keratinization and desmoplastic reaction and observation of changes in tissue properties. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study using OSCC tissue samples stained with H&E and observed under a light microscope. Results: No significant relationship (p>0.05) was found between age, gender, tumor location, degree of keratinization, and desmoplastic reaction with the differentiation grade. Dysplastic-to-cancerous transformation was observed in some samples. Conclusion: Age, gender, tumor location, degree of keratinization, and desmoplastic reaction did not show a significant relationship with the differentiation grade of OSCC. Changes in tissue from dysplastic to cancerous in several OSCC tissue were still seen."

"Latar Belakang: Karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (KSSRM) adalah salah satu kanker yang sering ditemui di Indonesia, dengan faktor risiko meliputi merokok, konsumsi alkohol, infeksi virus, faktor konsumsi, lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia. Pemeriksaan histopatologis dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin dan eosin (H&E) merupakan metode utama untuk diagnosis definitif KSSRM. Akurasi diagnosis dan penilaian derajat diferensiasi tumor sangat penting dalam menentukan diagnosis dan pilihan penatalaksanaan. Selain derajat diferensiasi, analisis lebih lanjut terhadap pola invasi dan adanya invasi limfatik, vena, serta saraf diperlukan untuk memperoleh penilaian yang lebih objektif. Pola invasi, invasi limfatik, invasi vena, dan invasi saraf memberikan informasi lebih mendalam mengenai agresivitas dan potensi penyebaran tumor, sehingga analisis invasi ini lebih penting dibandingkan hanya menilai derajat diferensiasi tumor seperti pada prosedur standar. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan sampel jaringan KSSRM yang diberi pewarnaan H&E dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil: Mayoritas kasus KSSRM ditemukan di lidah (61,5%), dengan pasien perempuan (56,4%) dan kelompok usia >55 tahun (53,8%). Pola invasi agresif (pulau satelit, invasi limfatik signifikan (++), invasi vena signifikan (++), dan invasi saraf signifikan (++) memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan derajat diferensiasi buruk (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Ditemukan hubungan antara pola invasi, invasi limfatik, invasi vena, dan invasi saraf dengan derajat diferensiasi pada pasien KSSRM. Semakin agresif pola invasi, maka semakin buruk derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Semkain buruk derajat diferensiasi, maka semakin tinggi tingkat invasi limfatik, vena, dan saraf KSSRM.

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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent type of cancer in Indonesia, with risk factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, viral infections, dietary factors, tumor location, gender, and age. Histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is the primary method for the definitive diagnosis of OSCC. Accurate diagnosis and tumor differentiation assessment are crucial in determining diagnosis and treatment options. In addition to the degree of differentiation, further analysis of invasion patterns, as well as lymphatic, venous, and neural invasion, is essential for a more objective evaluation. These invasion factors provide deeper insight into the aggressiveness and potential spread of the tumor, making their analysis more critical than solely evaluating tumor differentiation as in standard procedures. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between invasion patterns, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and nerve invasion with the degree of differentiation in OSCC patients at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study utilized OSCC tissue samples stained with H&E and observed under light microscopy. Results: The majority of OSCC cases were found in the tongue (61.5%), with female patients (56.4%) and the age group over 55 years (53.8%). Aggressive invasion patterns (satellite islands, significant lymphatic invasion (++), significant venous invasion (++), and significant neural invasion (++) were significantly associated with poor differentiation (p<0.05). Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between tumor location, gender, and age with OSCC differentiation grade. A relationship was found between invasion patterns, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and neural invasion with differentiation grade in OSCC patients. The more aggressive the invasion pattern, the worse the differentiation grade of OSCC. The worse the differentiation grade, the higher the level of lymphatic, venous, and neural invasion in OSCC.

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"Latar Belakang: Karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (KSSRM) adalah salah satu kanker yang sering ditemui di Indonesia, dengan faktor risiko meliputi merokok, konsumsi alkohol, infeksi virus, faktor konsumsi, lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia. Pemeriksaan histopatologis dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin dan eosin (H&E) merupakan metode utama untuk diagnosis definitif KSSRM. Akurasi diagnosis dan penilaian derajat diferensiasi tumor sangat penting dalam menentukan diagnosis dan pilihan penatalaksanaan. Selain derajat diferensiasi, analisis lebih lanjut terhadap pola invasi dan adanya invasi limfatik, vena, serta saraf diperlukan untuk memperoleh penilaian yang lebih objektif. Pola invasi, invasi limfatik, invasi vena, dan invasi saraf memberikan informasi lebih mendalam mengenai agresivitas dan potensi penyebaran tumor, sehingga analisis invasi ini lebih penting dibandingkan hanya menilai derajat diferensiasi tumor seperti pada prosedur standar. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan sampel jaringan KSSRM yang diberi pewarnaan H&E dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil: Mayoritas kasus KSSRM ditemukan di lidah (61,5%), dengan pasien perempuan (56,4%) dan kelompok usia >55 tahun (53,8%). Pola invasi agresif (pulau satelit, invasi limfatik signifikan (++), invasi vena signifikan (++), dan invasi saraf signifikan (++) memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan derajat diferensiasi buruk (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Ditemukan hubungan antara pola invasi, invasi limfatik, invasi vena, dan invasi saraf dengan derajat diferensiasi pada pasien KSSRM. Semakin agresif pola invasi, maka semakin buruk derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Semkain buruk derajat diferensiasi, maka semakin tinggi tingkat invasi limfatik, vena, dan saraf KSSRM.

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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent type of cancer in Indonesia, with risk factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, viral infections, dietary factors, tumor location, gender, and age. Histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is the primary method for the definitive diagnosis of OSCC. Accurate diagnosis and tumor differentiation assessment are crucial in determining diagnosis and treatment options. In addition to the degree of differentiation, further analysis of invasion patterns, as well as lymphatic, venous, and neural invasion, is essential for a more objective evaluation. These invasion factors provide deeper insight into the aggressiveness and potential spread of the tumor, making their analysis more critical than solely evaluating tumor differentiation as in standard procedures. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between invasion patterns, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and nerve invasion with the degree of differentiation in OSCC patients at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study utilized OSCC tissue samples stained with H&E and observed under light microscopy. Results: The majority of OSCC cases were found in the tongue (61.5%), with female patients (56.4%) and the age group over 55 years (53.8%). Aggressive invasion patterns (satellite islands, significant lymphatic invasion (++), significant venous invasion (++), and significant neural invasion (++) were significantly associated with poor differentiation (p<0.05). Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between tumor location, gender, and age with OSCC differentiation grade. A relationship was found between invasion patterns, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and neural invasion with differentiation grade in OSCC patients. The more aggressive the invasion pattern, the worse the differentiation grade of OSCC. The worse the differentiation grade, the higher the level of lymphatic, venous, and neural invasion in OSCC.

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"Latar Belakang: Nitric oxide (NO) memiliki fungsi antibakterial dan peran dalam proses inflamasi. Penyakit gigi dan mulut berkaitan erat dengan kebersihan rongga mulut yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor, termasuk kebiasaan merokok. Konsentrasi NO pada saliva dapat menjadi biomarker kesehatan rongga mulut dan sistemik. Namun, kaitannya dengan kebiasaan merokok dan kebersihan rongga mulut masih perlu dikaji lebih lanjut. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara status kebersihan rongga mulut (OHI-S) dan derajat keasaman (pH) saliva dengan konsentrasi nitric oxide (NO) pada perokok dewasa. Metode: Sampel yang diteliti merupakan saliva tidak terstimulasi pada 10 subjek perokok dewasa dan 8 subjek non perokok dewasa. Status kebersihan rongga mulut terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kategori baik dan kategori sedang. Konsentrasi nitric oxide diukur menggunakan Griess assay di laboratorium. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji statistik Independent T-tes, Mann-Whitney U, korelasi Pearson, dan korelasi Spearman Hasil: Konsentrasi nitric oxide pada perokok dewasa lebih tinggi dibandingkan konsentrasi nitric oxide pada non perokok dewasa dengan perbedaan yang signifikan (p < 0,05). Korelasi antara status kebersihan rongga mulut (OHI-S) dengan konsentrasi nitric oxide adalah positif sedang dengan hubungan yang tidak bermakna (r = 0,346, p > 0,05). Korelasi antara derajat keasaman (pH) saliva dengan konsentrasi nitric oxide adalah positif sedang dengan hubungan yang tidak bermakna (r = 0,285, p > 0,05). Kesimpulan: Konsentrasi nitric oxide tidak berkorelasi dengan status kebersihan rongga mulut (OHI-S) dan derajat keasaman (pH) saliva sehingga tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai biomarker status kebersihan rongga mulut.

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Background: Nitric oxide has antibacterial functions and a role in inflammatory response. Oral diseases are closely related to oral hygiene which can be influenced by various factors, including smoking habits. NO concentration in saliva can be a biomarker of oral and systemic health. However, its relationship with smoking habits and oral hygiene still needs to be studied further. Objectives: To determine the correlation between oral hygiene status (OHI-S) and the degree of acidity (pH) of saliva with the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in adult smokers. Methods: The samples studied were unstimulated saliva from 10 adult smokers and 8 adult non-smokers. Oral hygiene status is divided into two groups, the good category and the fair category. Nitric oxide concentration was measured using Griess assay in the laboratory. Analysis was carried out using the Independent T-test, Mann-Whitney U, Pearson correlation, and Spearman correlation statistical tests. Results: Nitric oxide concentrations in adult smokers were higher than nitric oxide concentrations in adult non-smokers with a significant difference (p < 0.05). The correlation between oral hygiene status (OHI-S) and nitric oxide concentration was moderately positive with no significant relationship (r = 0.346, p > 0.05). The correlation between the degree of acidity (pH) of saliva and the concentration of nitric oxide was moderately positive with no significant relationship (r = 0.285, p > 0.05). Conclusion: Nitric oxide concentration does not correlate with oral hygiene status (OHI-S) and degree of acidity (pH) of the saliva, thus it cannot be used as a biomarker for oral hygiene status"

"Kemoterapi menjadi salah satu jenis pengobatan kanker anak. Mukositis oral merupakan gangguan kesehatan mulut paling lazim akibat kemoterapi. Pengetahuan orang tua tentang perawatan mulut sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah mukositis oral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan orang tua tentang perawatan mulut dengan kejadian mukositis oral. Desain penelitian cross sectional dengan sampel 56 orang tua dan pasien anak yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Alat ukur berupa Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) dan kuesioner pengetahuan perawatan mulut. Analisis data menggunakan Chi-square. Penelitian ini menunjukkan gambaran pengetahuan orang tua tentang perawatan mulut kurang (58.9%) dan kejadian mukositis oral sebanyak (28.6%). Uji statistik menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan orang tua tentang perawatan mulut dengan kejadian mukositis oral (p=1.00). Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya peningkatan pengetahuan orang tua tentang berkumur dan penggunaan instrumen OAG untuk mendeteksi dini kejadian mukositis oral di ruang rawat.

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Chemotherapy is a type of childhood cancer treatment. Oral mucositis is the most common oral health disorder due to chemotherapy. Parents' knowledge about oral care is needed to prevent oral mucositis. This study aims to determine the relationship between parental knowledge about oral care and the incidence of oral mucositis. The study design was cross sectional with a sample of 56 parents and pediatric patients selected by purposive sampling technique. Measuring tools in the form of Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) and oral care knowledge questionnaire. Data analysis using Chi-square. This study shows that parents' knowledge about oral care is lacking (58.9%) and the incidence of oral mucositis was (28.6%). Statistical tests showed that there was no significant relationship between parents' knowledge about oral care and the incidence of oral mucositis (p=1.00). The results of this study recommend the need to increase parental knowledge about gargling and the use of OAG instruments to detect early occurrence of oral mucositis in the ward."

"Latar Belakang : Kesehatan mulut merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama yang dapat mengenai semua kelompok populasi, dan kelompok anak usia dini penting untuk diperhatikan. Masalah kesehatan mulut yang paling penting pada masa ini adalah Early Childhood Caries (ECC). ECC dapat dicegah dengan pemberian pendidikan kesehatan kepada anak. Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) tepat untuk dijadikan sebagai pusat pendidikan kesehatan bagi anak, dan guru TK memainkan peranan penting dalam hal ini. Namun ditemukan bahwa pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik guru TK masih kurang serta terdapat beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi hal ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara berbagai karakteristik pribadi guru TK dan pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik mengenai kesehatan mulut di Jakarta Selatan. Metode: Studi analitik observasional cross-sectional dengan metode convenience sampling dilakukan pada beberapa TK di Jakarta Selatan dengan menggunakan kuesioner secara daring yang disebarluaskan melalui pesan grup WhatsApp dan melibatkan 253 guru TK. Kuesioner digunakan untuk pengambilan data karakteristik pribadi serta pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik guru TK mengenai kesehatan mulut. Analisis statistik meliputi statistik deskriptif, uji korelasi Spearman, dan uji bivariat (p < 0,05).Hasil: 66,4% guru TK memiliki pengetahuan yang baik, 53% guru TK memiliki sikap yang baik, dan 55,7% guru TK memiliki praktik yang baik mengenai kesehatan mulut. Terdapat hubungan positif signifikan antara pengetahuan dan sikap, pengetahuan dan praktik, dan sikap dan praktik guru TK mengenai kesehatan mulut. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara status pernikahan, anak, dan pengalaman pelatihan kesehatan mulut dengan pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan mulut (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar guru TK sudah memiliki pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik yang baik mengenai kesehatan mulut. Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap, pengetahuan dan praktik, dan sikap dan praktik guru TK mengenai kesehatan mulut. Karakteristik pribadi guru TK seperti status pernikahan, anak, dan pengalaman pelatihan kesehatan mulut memiliki hubungan dengan pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan mulut.

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Background: Oral health is a major public health problem that can affects all population group, and it is important to pay attention to early childhood group. The most important oral health problem at this time is Early Childhood Caries (ECC). ECC can be prevented by providing health education to children. Kindergarten has become an approriate place as a center for health education for children and kindergarten teacher plays important role in this. However, it was found that teachers were still lacking in knowledge, attitude, and practice and there were several factors that influenced this. This study aims to determine the relationship between kindergarten teachers’ various personal characteristics and knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding oral health in South Jakarta.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational analytic study using the convenience sampling method was conducted in several kindergartens in South Jakarta using an online questionnaire which was distributed via WhatsApp group message and involved 253 kindergarten teachers. The questionnaire was used to collect data on kindergarten teachers’ personal characteristics and knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding oral health. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation test, and bivariate test (p < 0,05).

Results: 66,4% of kindergarten teachers had good knowledge, 53% of kindergarten teachers had good attitude, and 55,7% of kindergarten teachers had good practice regarding oral health. There was a significant positive correlation between kindergarten teachers’ knowledge and attitude, knowledge and practice, and attitude and practice regarding oral health. There was a significant difference between marital status, children, and oral health training experience with knowledge regarding oral health (p < 0,05).

Conclusion: Most kindergarten teachers already had good knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding oral health. There was a correlation between kindergarten teachers’ knowledge and attitude, knowledge and practice, and attitude and practice regarding oral health. Kindergarten teachers’ personal characteristics such as marital status, children, and oral health training experience were associated with knowledge regarding oral health."

"Latar Belakang: Kesehatan mulut mengacu pada kesehatan gigi, gingiva, dan seluruh sistem mulut-wajah yang memungkinkan kita untuk tersenyum, berbicara, dan mengunyah. Kesehatan mulut yang buruk dapat memperburuk kondisi kesehatan umum, juga sebaliknya. Kolaborasi yang baik antara tenaga kesehatan merupakan hal yang penting dalam memberikan perawatan mulut. Untuk membangun kolaborasi yang baik, edukasi perawatan kesehatan mulut diperlukan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui tingkat kesadaran, sikap, dan persepsi tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang dimiliki mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, dan Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia Angkatan 2021.Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik potong lintang pada 442 mahasiswa Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Indonesia dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan realibilitasnya.Hasil Penelitian: Dari 442 mahasiswa, sebanyak 223 mahasiswa (50,5%) memiliki tingkat kesadaran, sikap, dan persepsi yang tinggi. Namun, tingkat kesadaran, sikap, dan persepsi yang dimiliki mahasiswa FIK lebih rendah dibandingkan mahasiswa FK dan FKG, dengan 65,8% mahasiswa FIK memiliki tingkat kesadaran, sikap, dan persepsi yang rendah, sedangkan mayoritas mahasiswa FK (51,9%) dan FKG (63,2%) memiliki tingkat kesadaran, sikap, dan persepsi yang tinggi.Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar mahasiswa (50,5%) memiliki tingkat kesadaran, sikap, dan persepsi yang tinggi. Tingkat kesadaran, sikap, dan persepsi responden dipengaruhi asal fakultas.

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Background: Oral health refers to the health of teeth, gums, and the entire mouth-face system that enables us to smile, talk, and chew. Poor oral health can worsen general health conditions. Good collaboration between health workers is important to providing oral health care. In order to promote collaborative oral health care, oral health care education is needed.

Objectives: To determine the level of awareness, attitudes, and perceptions of oral health care among students of Health Sciences Cluster, Universitas Indonesia, batch 2021.

Methods: Cross-sectional analytic descriptive study method involving 442 students of Health Science Cluster, Universitas Indonesia using valid and reliable questionnaire.

Results: 223 out of 442 students (50,5%) had high level of awareness, attitudes, and perceptions of oral health care. However, the level of awareness, attitudes, and perceptions of nursing students were lower than medical students and dental students, 65.8% of nursing students had low levels of awareness, attitudes, and perceptions, while the majority of medical students (51.9%) and dental students (63.2%) had high level of awareness, attitudes, and perceptions.

Conclusion: Most students (50,5%) had high level of awareness, attitudes, and perceptions. The level of awareness, attitudes, and perceptions were influenced by faculty."

"Latar belakang: Keadaan mulut yang buruk berdampak pada kualitas hidup lansia. Studi sebelumnya telah mendapatkan alat ukur kualitas hidup namun subjek yang digunakan adalah pasien geriatri. Oleh karena itu diperlukan alat ukur yang baru yang dapat digunakan pada lansia yang sehat. Tujuan: Mendapatkan alat ukur kualitas hidup lansia yang baru ditinjau dari aspek kesehatan gigi dan mulut, menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas hidup dengan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dan mengetahui faktor yang paling mempengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia. Metode: Cross-sectional pada 101 lansia. Pencatatan data sosiodemografis dan pemeriksaan intraoral. Wawancara untuk pengisian kuesioner kualitas hidup lansia dengan alat ukur yang telah divalidasi. Hasil: Uji validitas dan reliabilitas menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Hasil uji chisquare untuk variabel sosiodemografik, OHI-S berhubungan bermakna dengan penghasilan (p=0.01) dan pendidikan (p=0.004) dan DMF-T berhubungan bermakna dengan usia (p=0.04). Faktor risiko yang masuk ke dalam model multivariat adalah variabel usia (p<0.250), variabel penghasilan (p=0.006), variabel skor OHI-S (p=0.001) dan variabel skor DMF-T (p=0.004). Faktor yang paling berkontribusi pada kualitas hidup adalah skor DMF-T (p=0,006; OR=3,328), diikuti skor OHI-S (p=0,009; OR= 3,289), dan tingkat ekonomi (p=0,005; OR=3,318). Kesimpulan: Diperoleh alat ukur kualitas hidup yang valid dan reliabel. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia antara lain DMF-T, OHI-S dan tingkat ekonomi.

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Background: Poor oral health can impact elderly's quality of life. Previous study has already create a new Oral Health related Quality of Life but the index was mainly use for geriatric patients, therefore the new OHRQoL index was needed for healthy elderly.

Objective: to get a new oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) index for elderly, to analyze the correlation between eldery quality of life and their oral health conditions and to determine factors that contribute the most in their quality of life.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was performed towards 101 elderly. Their demographic data was collected, intra oral examination was performed. OHRQoL status was measured using a new index that combines several index and already tested its validity and reliability in a personal interview.

Result: the new OHRQoL index had a good validity and reliability.Chi-square test showed, OHI-S score was strongly associated with income (p=0.01) and education (p=0.004) and DMF-T score was strongly associated with age (p=0.04). OHI-S (p=0.001), age (p<0.025), income (p=0.006) and DMF-T score (p=0.004) are risk factors that were incorporated into multivariate model. From the final multivariate model, DMF-T score (p=0,006; OR=3,328), contributed most to OHRQoL, followed by OHI-S score (p=0,009; OR= 3,289), and income (p=0,005; OR=3,318).

Conclusion: The new OHRQoL index is valid and realiable to measure the elderly OHRQoL. DMF-T score is the factor that contribute the most in elderly OHRQoL followed with OHI-S score and income. "