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ABSTRACTSince the publication of the first edition of the Handbook of Human Immunology in 1997, major scientific achievements have directly contributed to an increased understanding of the complexities of the human immune system in health and disease. Whether as a result of the sequencing of the entire human genome, or of technological advancements, several new components of the immune system have been revealed, along with new technologies for their measurement and evaluation.Major breakthroughs in the field include an increase in the number of recognized "clusters of differentiation" on the surface of leukocytes and associated cells, the establishment of a chemokine and chemokine receptor nomenclature system, the discovery of more than 30 lymphokines, and humanized monoclonal antibody therapy as a staple of pharmacologic armamentarium.Modeling the previous edition, the text begins with an overview of the immune system, focusing on the role of cell receptors, accessory molecules, and cytokines in immune responses and immunological disorders. It then presents a practical, easy-to-read chapter on "statistics in immunological testing" an invaluable asset for interpreting test results, validating new tests, and developing reference ranges. Simultaneously, the text emphasizes clinically relevant immunological parameters and clarifies the basic principles underlying immune system assays, and applications and interpretations of immune tests. A complete guide to molecular and cellular immunology for practicing clinicians, clinical laboratory professionals, and students, this resource combines basic explanations of laboratory tests with more than 100 tables full of references, and up-to-date information on new developments in immunogenetics. "

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Kemoterapi adalah salah satu pengobatan kanker yang memiliki efek samping immunosupressan yang menekan sistem imun tubuh sehingga tubuh mudah terinfeksi. Pendekatan teori yang dapat diaplikasikan pada anak kanker adalah teori caring Swanson. Konsep teori caring Swanson menyerupai dengan alur proses keperawatan. Karya Ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aplikasi teori keperawatan Caring Swanson pada anak dengan kanker yang mengalami masalah risiko penyebaran infeksi. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Kebutuhan pada 5 kasus kelolaan dikaji berdasarkan lima konsep caring Swanson yaitu knowing yaitu pengkajian dan diagnosa keperawatan. Pengkajian yang dapat dilakukan menggunakan instrumen “telephone triage oncology” versi Indonesia untuk mengetahui secara cepat masalah pada anak kanker. Intervensi keperawatan diberikan dengan melakukan doing for, being with, enabling dan maintaining belief. Evaluasi tindakan dilakukan berdasarkan nursing outcome sesuai dengan diagnosa keperawatan yang telah ditegakkan. Hasil studi aplikasi teori caring Swanson pada anak kanker yang mengalami risiko penyebaran infeksi berdampak pada kepuasan pasien dan keluarga atas pelayanan keperawatan yang telah diberikan.

 

Kata Kunci: Kanker, risiko penyebaran infeksi, Teori Caring Swanson

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Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that has immunosupressant side effects that suppress the body's immune system so that the body is easily infected. The theoretical approach that can be applied to cancer children is the theory of Swanson caring. The concept of Swanson caring theory resembles that of the nursing process. This Scientific Work aims to describe the application of Caring Swanson's theory of nursing in children with cancer who experience problems with the risk of spreading infection. The method used is a case study. The need for 5 cases under management was examined based on five Swanson caring concepts, namely knowing, namely the assessment and diagnosis of nursing. Assessments that can be carried out using the Indonesian version of the "telephone triage oncology" instrument to quickly identify problems in children with cancer. Nursing interventions are given by doing for, being with, enabling and maintaining belief. Action evaluation is based on the nursing outcome in accordance with the nursing diagnosis that has been enforced. The study results of the application of Swanson's caring theory in cancer children who experience the risk of spreading infection have an impact on patient and family satisfaction with the nursing services that have been given.

 

Keywords: Cancer, risk of spread of infection, Swanson Caring Theory

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