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""This collection of essays focusses on the following concepts: sovereignty (the unique, intangible and yet essential characteristic of States), statehood (what it means to be a State, and the process of acquiring or losing statehood) and State responsibility (the legal component of what being a State entails). The unifying theme is that they have always been and will in the future continue to form a crucial part of the foundations of public international law. While many publications focus on new actors in international law such as international organisations, individuals, companies, NGOs and even humanity as a whole, this book offers a timely, thought-provoking and innovative reappraisal of the core actors on the international stage: States. It includes reflections on the interactions between States and non-state actors and on how increasing participation by and recognition of the latter within international law has impacted upon the role and attributes of statehood"--"

"Welfare state is the goal of KSBSI since its declaration on 25th April 1992. Unions which are members of the ITUC (International Trade Union Confederation) as the basic Social Democracy, their goal must either be welfare state or KSBSI. In other occasion, when Soekarno spoke before court in 1937, he stated that the goal of the proclamation the independence of Indonesia was to build a welfare state. In addition, when the founding fathers declared the 1945 Constitution, they placed welfare state as a state goal for the interest of the peoples. Without the implementation of a welfare state, the welfare of the peoples will never be realized."

"ABSTRAKHandmaid rsquo;s Tale 2017 adalah adaptasi serial dari novel 1985 dengan nama yang sama karya Margaret Atwood yang mengikuti kehidupan seorang Handmaid - seorang pembawa anak yang diritualkan - di Amerika Serikat pasca-kudeta teokratis yang telah mengganti namanya menjadi Republik Gilead . Serial ini mengeksplorasi kehidupan yang keras di bawah rezim tersebut melalui sudut pandang Offred, seorang Handmaid yang baru-baru ini direkrut paksa. Serial ini bisa dilihat sebagai kritik terhadap struktur kekuasaan yang beroperasi di bawah kerja biopolitik. Literatur mengenai novel-novel Atwood sudah berlimpah Brackins, 2014; Jacob, 2015 , terutama yang berurusan dengan feminisme dan keibuan. Namun, serial ini belum pernah dibahas, khususnya dalam kaitannya dengan biopolitik. Dengan memanfaatkan Pendekatan Althusser tentang aparatur negara dan pemikiran Foucault tentang biopower, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menemukan penindasan yang dilakukan oleh aktor negara maupun non-negara serta saling keterlibatan yang kemudian dihasilkan dan ketahanan dari subjeknya. Dengan menganalisis struktur naratif dari elemen visual dan audio dari musim pertama serial ini 2017 , makalah ini mengkaji implikasi biopolitik dalam tingkat sistemik maupun individu, khususnya melalui sudut pandang perempuan-perempuan yang terpinggirkan. Makalah ini mencerminkan bagaimana serial ini berhubungan dengan konteks sosio-politik Amerika Serikat abad 21.

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ABSTRACTHandmaid rsquo;s Tale 2017 is a serial adaptation of the 1985 novel of the same name by Margaret Atwood which follows the life of a handmaid ndash; a ritualized child bearer ndash; in a post-coup theocratic United States of America USA which renamed itself ldquo;Republic of Gilead rdquo;. This series explores the harsh life under the regime through the viewpoint of Offred, a recently indicted handmaid. This series could be seen as a critique of power structure operating underneath the working of biopolitics. Scholarship on Atwood rsquo;s novel are abound Brackins, 2014; Jacob, 2015 , especially dealing with feminism and motherhood. However, the series has not been discussed, in particular in relations to biopolitics. By utilising Althusser rsquo;s approach on state apparatuses and Foucault rsquo;s thought on biopower, this article aims to discover the repression perpetrated by both state and non-state actors along with the resulting complicity and resistance of the subjects. By analysing the narrative structure of the series visual and audio elements of the first season 2017 , this paper examines the implications of biopolitics in both systemic and individual level, specifically through the viewpoint marginalized women. The paper reflects how the series relate to the socio-political context of 21st century USA."

"ABSTRACTIn Indonesia, the function of the budget is carried out by the government as a branch of executive power in charge of preparing the draft of State Budget and Revenue (R-APBN), together withthe House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (DPR-RI) as a branch of legislative power in charge of participating in discussing and approving the R-APBN, including oversight of the implementation of the State Budget and Revenue (APBN).Duringthe initial observation process and the results of interviews conducted, the author found several indications of problems relating to the State Budget of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018, such as not all the components are on time so that a delay can affect the existing cycleand The attraction of interests that can not be avoided starting from the interests of groups as well as individual interests. Based on the results of research on the analysis of Public Finance in the preparation of the State Budget (APBN) of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018, it can be concluded The existence of a time delay in the realization of the discussion schedule for the Draft Bill on the 2018 APBN has affected the existing cycle."

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Seiring dengan perkembangan dunia industri menuju fase industri 5.0, asuransi memainkan peran krusial dalam mitigasi risiko kerugian yang dapat terjadi akibat berbagai kejadian yang tidak terduga. Untuk mendukung peran tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan cadangan klaim Incurred But Not Reported (IBNR), yaitu klaim yang telah terjadi namun belum dilaporkan kepada perusahaan asuransi, menggunakan metode Cape Cod parametrik. Metode Cape Cod parametrik dipilih karena mampu mengatasi kelemahan metode Chain Ladder, Bornhuetter-Ferguson, dan Cape Cod klasik, seperti sensitivitas terhadap outlier, ketidakstabilan estimasi, dan kurang optimalnya penggunaan informasi premi. Metode ini mengadaptasi pendekatan Cape Cod klasik dengan melibatkan informasi premi dan parameter distribusi dari data klaim untuk estimasi cadangan yang lebih akurat. Proses penerapannya diawali dengan penentuan distribusi parametrik yang tepat untuk memodelkan claim cost per unit exposure. Apabila model distribusi yang terpilih merupakan bagian dari keluarga exponensial dispersi, maka metode Cape Cod parametrik dapat diterapkan. Metode Cape Cod parametrik akan diimplementasikan pada data run-off triangle dari Institute of Actuaries of Australia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Cape Cod parametrik dapat memberikan estimasi cadangan klaim IBNR dengan tingkat akurasi yang baik. Akurasi prediksi diukur menggunakan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) dengan hasil 2.047%.

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As the industrial world progresses towards the Industry 5.0 phase, insurance plays a crucial role in mitigating the risks of losses that can occur due to various unforeseen events. To support this role, this study aims to determine the Incurred But Not Reported (IBNR) claim reserves, which are claims that have occurred but have not yet been reported to the insurance company, using the parametric Cape Cod method. The claim data used are run-off triangle data from the Institute of Actuaries of Australia. This method adapts the classical Cape Cod approach by incorporating premium information and the distribution parameters of claim data for more accurate estimates. The parametric Cape Cod method was chosen because it can address the shortcomings of the Chain Ladder, Bornhuetter-Ferguson, and classical Cape Cod methods, such as sensitivity to outliers, instability of estimates, and suboptimal use of premium information. The implementation process includes checking the distribution of claim cost per unit exposure using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method and calculating dispersion parameters. The results show that the parametric Cape Cod method can provide more stable and accurate IBNR claim reserve estimates, especially in handling volatility and outliers in claim data. Prediction accuracy is measured using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), with results indicating a good level of accuracy of 2.047%.

;Capturing the many ... changes taking place in the state and local government arenas, this book not only helps you understand structure, process, and policy, but also shows why your knowledge of state and local government is so important to your success as a professional and a private citizen. [The authors] help you get to know the players--the political parties, interest groups, media, state political systems, communities, business organizations, civic clubs, religious congregations--and how they interact to produce policy. Along the way, you'll discover how this policy making at the state and local levels affects your life--both personally and professionally--at nearly every turn., Capturing the many ... changes taking place in the state and local government arenas, this book not only helps you understand structure, process, and policy, but also shows why your knowledge of state and local government is so important to your success as a professional and a private citizen. [The authors] help you get to know the players--the political parties, interest groups, media, state political systems, communities, business organizations, civic clubs, religious congregations--and how they interact to produce policy. Along the way, you'll discover how this policy making at the state and local levels affects your life--both personally and professionally--at nearly every turn.]"

"Capturing the many ... changes taking place in the state and local government arenas, this book not only helps you understand structure, process, and policy, but also shows why your knowledge of state and local government is so important to your success as a professional and a private citizen. [The authors] help you get to know the players--the political parties, interest groups, media, state political systems, communities, business organizations, civic clubs, religious congregations--and how they interact to produce policy. Along the way, you'll discover how this policy making at the state and local levels affects your life--both personally and professionally--at nearly every turn."