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"[ABSTRAKTuberkulosis (TB) paru anak merupakan masalah kesehatan global yangterabaikan (neglected), terlebih dengan proporsi 7,32% dari seluruh kasus TB diIndonesia (Balitbangkes, 2013). TB paru anak selalu diakibatkan oleh infeksi TBdari populasi di lingkungan sekitar, khususnya adanya orang dewasa yg sakit TBserumah. Namun, tidak selalu TB paru dewasa mampu menularkan kesakitan padaanak serumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang didugamenurunkan risiko anak tidak sakit TB paru ketika tinggal serumah denganpenderita dewasa. Metode dengan desain kasus kontrol berdasarkan data rekammedis di sembilan rumah sakit rujukan TB anak dan puskesmas di ProvinsiDaerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Kondisi hunian khususnya kamar tidur yangbaik dan intensitas paparan TB paru dewasa yang jarang serta di pengaruhikondisi variabel lain merupakan faktor yang dapat melindungi anak agar tetapsehat meskipun kontak dengan penderita TB paru dewasa serumah;

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ABSTRACTTB disease in children is a global health problem that still neglected, moreoverwith 7,32% proportion of TB cases at Indonesia (Balitbangkes, 2013). Childrenwith TB disease is most always impacted from TB infection at environmentpopulation especially from adult TB household contacts. However, children notalways get the disease as bad as TB adult then. The objective of this study was tofind protective factors that can keep healthy children who had adult TB householdcontacts. A case-control study conducted at nine referred hospital of TB childrenand several health centers based on medical records at Special Region ofYogyakarta Province. The study found that healthy houses, especially withhealthy bedroom and fewer exposures with adult TB in order influenced byconfounders variables. Those variables were reduced the risk of childhood TBdisease eventhough they exposed with adult TB in their environment;TB disease in children is a global health problem that still neglected, moreoverwith 7,32% proportion of TB cases at Indonesia (Balitbangkes, 2013). Childrenwith TB disease is most always impacted from TB infection at environmentpopulation especially from adult TB household contacts. However, children notalways get the disease as bad as TB adult then. The objective of this study was tofind protective factors that can keep healthy children who had adult TB householdcontacts. A case-control study conducted at nine referred hospital of TB childrenand several health centers based on medical records at Special Region ofYogyakarta Province. The study found that healthy houses, especially withhealthy bedroom and fewer exposures with adult TB in order influenced byconfounders variables. Those variables were reduced the risk of childhood TBdisease eventhough they exposed with adult TB in their environment, TB disease in children is a global health problem that still neglected, moreoverwith 7,32% proportion of TB cases at Indonesia (Balitbangkes, 2013). Childrenwith TB disease is most always impacted from TB infection at environmentpopulation especially from adult TB household contacts. However, children notalways get the disease as bad as TB adult then. The objective of this study was tofind protective factors that can keep healthy children who had adult TB householdcontacts. A case-control study conducted at nine referred hospital of TB childrenand several health centers based on medical records at Special Region ofYogyakarta Province. The study found that healthy houses, especially withhealthy bedroom and fewer exposures with adult TB in order influenced byconfounders variables. Those variables were reduced the risk of childhood TBdisease eventhough they exposed with adult TB in their environment]"

"Dalam banyak penerapannya, penggunaan sistem peresepan elektronik (computerized physician order entry, CPOE) dalam penulisan resep terbukti mampu menurunkan angka kesalahan peresepan obat (adverse drug event, ADE). Kesalahan pengobatan seperti kekeliruan penulisan nama obat, penentuan dosis, dan penggunaan jenis obat yang tepat untuk pasien dengan kondisi kesehatan tertentu di pelayanan kesehatan dapat ditekan. Namun, CPOE masih memiliki kelemahan seperti tambahan waktu untuk mengentri data pasien oleh para dokter ke dalam sistem. Untuk mengevaluasi dampak persepsi pengguna tentang penerapan CPOE terhadap keselamatan pengobatan pasien, suatu penelitian kualitatif telah dilakukan di Gadjah Mada Medical Health Center yang telah mengadopsi sistem ini selama sepuluh tahun. Data dan informasi dikumpukan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap sembilan dokter (tujuh dokter umum dan dua dokter spesialis) sebagai informen pengguna CPOE menggunakan pedoman wawancara, alat perekam suara, buku catat, dan daftar centang observasi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa sepuluh tahun CPOE telah mampu meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi pelayanan kesehatan, tetapi potensi ADE masih terjadi akibat gangguan komunikasi pasien-dokter karena perlunya waktu tambahan untuk entri data. Disimpulkan bahwa sistem CPOE belum mampu mendukung pengambilan keputusan untuk mencegah ADE dalam pengobatan pasien.

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In most of its applications, Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) has been improved patient safety by reducing medication errors and subsequent adverse drug events (ADEs). Medication error such as elixir in writing, determination of dose, and correct drug type used for patient with certain health condition in health services can be reduced. But, the CPOE still has some weknesses such as additional time to entry the patient information by physician to the sistem. To evaluate the impact of end-user perception using CPOE sistem on patient safety medication, a qualitative research has been conducted at Gadjah Mada Medical Health Center which has adopted this sistem for ten years. Data and informations were collected by in-depth interviewing nine physicians (seven general docters and two specialists) as end-user informen using interview guide, tape recorder, notebook, and checklist observation tools. The results show that ten year CPOE implemention has improved the effectiveness and efficiency of medical health care, but potential adverse drug event (ADE) such as drug precription errors still occur as a result of patient-physician communication distraction due to additional time for data entry. It is concluded that CPOE sistem has not been able to support decision to prevent the ADEs in patient medication."