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"Tulisan ini berusaha untuk mcnjabarkan moralitas atau elika perang dan damai. Fokus perhatian diberikan kepada doktrin ius ad bellumm yang mcmpermasalahkan tiga prinsip yaitu penggunaan instrumen perang sebagai bagian dari resolusi konflik, motivasi suatu negara untuk berperang, dan prinsip-prinsip moralitas yang membatasi altematif penggunaan strategi dan taktik militer. Dalam tulisan ini. bentuk kongkret aplikasi doktrin ias ad bellum akan terlihat dengan memperhatikan dua rangkaian aktivitas untuk mcnjabarkan doktrin lersebut yailu (1) pembentukan tata hukum international untuk menegakkan doktrin iua ad bellum; dan (2) usaha untuk mencari alternatif-allernatif resolusi konflik."

"In an increasingly globalized world, terrorism can no longer be viewed as an isolated threat. Therefore, as argued in this article, realists' understanding is no longer sufficient in addressing the which terrorism poses to the international community. A new framework of security 'needs to be built, one which reflects the continuous development of security in the international system. By re-examining the construction of terrorism in the study of security and it in accordance with the ongoing process of globalization, the authors offer different '. in addressing terrorism more effectively."

"This paper points out that the state defense doctrine based on the military historical experience which is dominated by the Hobbesian paradigm is one of the roots of military violence in Indonesia. The ius ad bellum doctrine principle is not applied in the Indonesian state defense doctrine. Although the application of the ius ad bellum doctrine created a chance to develop a state defense strategy that considers morality as an important aspect, there is nevertheless no military actor in Indonesia paying attention to this matter. Consequently, there is a high tendency to use war instruments immorally. This reality is categorized as military violence. Undoubtedly, military violence can lead to a rise in human rights violations. The author argues that military violence in Indonesia can be minimized by developing a state defense strategy which 1) considers morality as an important aspect; 2) gives priority to exploring all conflict resolution alternatives before using military instruments; and 3) civil society is no longer included in the application of the Indonesian defense strategy."