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"Persaingan yang semakin ketat dalam pasar ritel modern mendorong sejumlah peritel melakukan differensiasi melalui kepemilikan produk private label. Tujuan karya tulis ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik produk (product involvement, type of product, dan switching cost) terhadap intensi pembelian produk private label Carrefour dan pengaruh store image sebagai variabel covariate dalam hubungan antara karakteristik produk dengan intensi pembeli produk private label Carrefour. Penelitian ini melibatkan 180 responden yang dipilih dengan metode random sampling dan pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan analisis kovariat.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa karakteristik produk berpengaruh terhadap intensi pembelian produk private label Carrefour dan store image tidak memiliki pengaruh sebagai variabel covariate dalam hubungan antara karakteristik produk dengan intense pembelian produk private label Carrefour.

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The tight competition in the modern retail market encourages retailers to do differentiation through the ownership of private label products. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of products characteristics (product involvement, type of product, and switching costs) on purchase intention of Carrefour's private label products and the influence of store image as a covariate variable in the relationship between characteristics of the product and the purchase intention of Carrefour's private label products. The study was a quantitative research and used analysis of covariate as the analysis method.

The research concluded that the product characteristics influence the purchase intention of Carrefour's private label products and store image as a covariate variable had no influence on the relationship between characteristics of product and the purchase intention of Carrefour?s private label products."

"Sistem penghantaran obat transdermal saat ini banyak digunakan sebagai alternatif terhadap terapi konvensional (oral) untuk menghindari masalah seperti efek samping, metabolisme lintas pertama, dan kurangnya kepatuhan pasien.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sediaan hidrogel transdermal yang mengandung natrium diklofenak serta mengevaluasi penetrasi perkutan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Matriks sediaan hidrogel dibuat dari eksipien sambungsilang-6 dari koproses amilosa dan xanthan gum (CL6-Ko-A-XG). Hidrogel yang dibuat diuji penetrasinya secara in vitro melewati kulit tikus dengan menggunakan metode sel difusi Franz. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji penetrasi secara in vivo menggunakan tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan (n=6) selama 12 jam. Analisis kadar natrium diklofenak dalam plasma tikus dilakukan dengan menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT). Berdasarkan hasil uji penetrasi secara in vitro, diperoleh jumlah kumulatif natrium diklofenak yang terpenetrasi 5890 ± 0,8 μg/cm2 dan fluks pada kondisi tunak 528 ± 72,5 μg/cm2/jam. Selanjutnya, dari hasil uji penetrasi in vivo diperoleh nilai area di bawah kurva (AUC0-t) natrium diklofenak yakni 47,94 ± 16,5 μg/mL jam. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hidrogel yang terbuat dari eksipien CL6-Ko-A-XG dapat menghantarkan natrium diklofenak hingga sirkulasi sistemik d.

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Transdermal drug delivery system can be an alternative to conventional (oral) therapy in order to avoid problems such as side effects, first pass metabolism, and poor patient compliance. The purpose of this study was to develop transdermal hydrogels containing diclofenac sodium and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo percutaneous penetration. The hydrogels matrices were prepared from 6-crosslinked of co-processed amylose-xanthan gum (CL6-Ko-A-XG). The hydrogels were subjected to in vitro penetration through rat skin using Franz diffusion cell. Furthermore, in vivo penetration study was carried out in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=6) during 12 hours. In vivo drug plasma concentrations were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Based on the results of the in vitro study, the cumulative amount of diclofenac sodium penetrated was 5890 ± 0.8 μg/cm2 and flux at steady state condition was 528 ± 72.5 μg/cm2 hour. Moreover, the results of in vivo study showed that the area under curve (AUC0-t) was 47.94 ± 16.5 μg/mL hr. In conclusions, hydrogels which were formulated using CL6-Ko-A-XG could deliver diclofenac sodium into systemic circulation. According to the results, CL6-Ko-A-XG has a potential to be developed as matrices in transdermal system."

"[Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 1799 Menkes Per XII 2010 proses pembuatan obat dan atau bahan obat hanya dapat dilakukan oleh Industri Farmasi yakni badan usaha yang memiliki izin dari Menteri Kesehatan untuk melakukan kegiatan pembuatan obat atau bahan obat Pada pelaksanaannya industri farmasi harus menerapkan Cara Pembuatan Obat yang Baik CPOB yang bertujuan untuk menjamin obat dibuat secara konsisten memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan dan sesuai dengan tujuan penggunaannya CPOB terdiri atas 12 pilar yang CPOB mencakup seluruh aspek produksi dan pengendalian mutu Pada pembuatan obat pengendalian secara menyeluruh merupakan hal yang sangat esensial untuk menjamin bahwa konsumen menerima obat yang bermutu tinggi Praktek Kerja Profesi Apoteker yang dilaksanakan di PT Gratia Husada Farma HUFA telah memberikan pemahaman bahwa Apoteker dapat berperan penting di industri farmasi yakni dalam hal manajemen teknis saat pelaksanaan produksi dan pengawasan Selain itu apoteker juga dapat berperan dalam pengembangan produk perencanaan produksi serta penyimpanan barang Kegiatan PKPA ini diharapkan dapat meluluskan calon Apoteker yang berkualitas dan berdaya saing tinggi sehingga dapat menerapkan current Good Manufacturing Practice cGMP untuk menghasilkan produk yang memenuhi syarat Quality Safety dan Efficacy QSE ;Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1799 Menkes Per XII 2010 the manufacturing process of drugs and or drug ingredients only be carried out by the Pharmaceutical Industry the business entity that has a license from the Minister of Health to conduct the manufacture of drugs or drug ingredients In practice the pharmaceutical industry must implement the Good Manufacturing Practice GMP which aims to ensure the drugs are made consistently meet the requirements set and in accordance with the intended use GMP consists of 12 pillars that covers all aspects of production and quality control In the manufacture of drugs overall control is very essential to ensure that consumers receive high quality drugs Apothecary Profession Profession PKPA conducted at PT Gratia Husada Farma HUFA has given the understanding that pharmacists can play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry in terms of management current technical production implementation and supervision In addition pharmacists can also play a role in product development production planning as well as the storage of goods PKPA activity is expected to pass Pharmacists qualified candidates and competitive so as to apply the current Good Manufacturing Practice cGMP to produce products that meet the requirements of Quality Safety and Efficacy QSE ;Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1799 Menkes Per XII 2010 the manufacturing process of drugs and or drug ingredients only be carried out by the Pharmaceutical Industry the business entity that has a license from the Minister of Health to conduct the manufacture of drugs or drug ingredients In practice the pharmaceutical industry must implement the Good Manufacturing Practice GMP which aims to ensure the drugs are made consistently meet the requirements set and in accordance with the intended use GMP consists of 12 pillars that covers all aspects of production and quality control In the manufacture of drugs overall control is very essential to ensure that consumers receive high quality drugs Apothecary Profession Profession PKPA conducted at PT Gratia Husada Farma HUFA has given the understanding that pharmacists can play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry in terms of management current technical production implementation and supervision In addition pharmacists can also play a role in product development production planning as well as the storage of goods PKPA activity is expected to pass Pharmacists qualified candidates and competitive so as to apply the current Good Manufacturing Practice cGMP to produce products that meet the requirements of Quality Safety and Efficacy QSE , Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1799 Menkes Per XII 2010 the manufacturing process of drugs and or drug ingredients only be carried out by the Pharmaceutical Industry the business entity that has a license from the Minister of Health to conduct the manufacture of drugs or drug ingredients In practice the pharmaceutical industry must implement the Good Manufacturing Practice GMP which aims to ensure the drugs are made consistently meet the requirements set and in accordance with the intended use GMP consists of 12 pillars that covers all aspects of production and quality control In the manufacture of drugs overall control is very essential to ensure that consumers receive high quality drugs Apothecary Profession Profession PKPA conducted at PT Gratia Husada Farma HUFA has given the understanding that pharmacists can play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry in terms of management current technical production implementation and supervision In addition pharmacists can also play a role in product development production planning as well as the storage of goods PKPA activity is expected to pass Pharmacists qualified candidates and competitive so as to apply the current Good Manufacturing Practice cGMP to produce products that meet the requirements of Quality Safety and Efficacy QSE ]"