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"ABSTRACTMalaria chemoprevention using mefloquine has become the WHO standard regimen for military personnel who stay in the endemic area for an extended period of time. We reported a case of Plasmodium ovale infection in a young Indonesian Soldier following one year mefloquine prophylaxis 250 mg weekly. Typical fever and chills were experienced two weeks after returning from one year duty in Congo, West-Central Africa. The diagnosis of ovale malaria was made by peripheral blood smear, and 35/250 parasites in small microscopic view was found. Then, he recovered after dihydroartemisin and primaquine combination therapy. This was an unusual case of long-term prophylaxis failure since mefloquine has been recognized as the agent for malaria prevention, even multi-drug-resistance Plasmodium. Dormant stage of Plasmodium ovale, quinoline-resistance potential, and the efficacy of mefloquine itself are discussed as the cause of that phenomenon."

"Latar Belakang: Variabilitas hemoglobin (var-Hb) merupakan suatu fenomena fluktuasi kadar Hb dalam satuan waktu tertentu yang dialami oleh pasien penyakit ginjal kronikyang menjalani hemodialisis rutin (PGK-HD).Var-Hb telah diketahui sebagai prediktor independen luaran klinis buruk. Namun,faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya belum banyak diketahui. Tujuan: Mengetahui besaran proporsi var-Hb pada pasien PGK-HD di Indonesia dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort prospektif yang melibatkan pasien GGK-HD berusia ≥18 tahun di Unit Hemodialisis RSCM. Faktor-faktor yang dinilai saat awal ialah kadar Hb, reticulocyte-hemoglobin equivalent(RET-He), albumin, fosfatase alkali, dan C-reactive protein (CRP)serum, serta adekuasi dialisis (Kt/V). Adanya perdarahan saluran cerna(termasuk darah samar feses), dosis erythropoietin-stimulating agent(ESA)dan zat besi, serta kejadian transfusi darah akan dicatat. Kadar Hb kemudian diperiksa setiap 4 minggu hingga 24 minggu pengamatan. Var-Hb dinilai dengan standar deviasi residual dan nilai ≥1,0dianggap sebagai var-Hb tinggi. Uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji bivariat sesuai jenis data, dilanjutkan dengan analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistikmultipel. Hasil: Sejumlah 127 subyek (rerata[SD]usia 49,06[15,1], perempuan 52%, rerata[SD]kadar Hb 9,75[1,00]g/dL) diikutsertakan dalam analisis. Proporsi subyek dengan var-Hb tinggi ialah 47,24%. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat dan multivariat, faktor yang mempengaruhi var-Hb adalah kadar RET-He(p=0,004), dosis ESA (p=0,032), dan kejadian transfusi darah (adjustedOR6,967, IK95% 2,74-17,71;p<0,001). Kesimpulan: Proporsi pasien PGK-HD di Indonesia yang memiliki var-Hb tinggi ialah 47,24%(IK95% 38,3-56,3%). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi var-Hb ialah kadar RET-He,dosis ESA, dan kejadian transfusi darah.

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Background: Hemoglobinvariability(Hb-var) is a phenomenon of Hb fluctuation during a course of time that is frequently observed in chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis (CKD-HD)patients. Hb-varis now recognized asapredictor of poor clinical outcomes. However, factors that influence the Hb-var are not well understood.Objectives.This study was aimedto measure the proportion of Hb-var in CKD-HD patients in Indonesia and identify factors associated. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study involving CKD-HD patients aged ≥18 years old in Hemodialysis Unit in RSCM. Factors identified at baseline were serum levels of Hb,reticulocyte-hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He), albumin,alkalinephosphatase, C-reactive protein (CRP), and dialysis adequacy (Kt/V). Hb level was measured every 4 weeks until 24weeks of follow up. Any evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (including occult blood feces), erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) dosage, and blood transfusion werealsonoted. Hb-var was calculatedas the residual standardofdeviation, and value ≥1.0 was considered as high.Hypothesis testing was performed by bivariate analysis, thencontinued with multivariateanalysis using multiple regression logistic test. Results: As 127 subjects (mean[SD]of age 49.06[15.1], female 52%, mean[SD]of Hb 9.75[1.00]g/dL) were included in the analysis. The proportion of subjects with high Hb-var were 47.24%. According to bivariate and multivariate analysis, factors that determined Hb-var were RET-Helevels (p=0.004), ESA dosage (p=0.032), and blood transfusion (adjustedOR 6.967, 95%CI2.74-17.71,p<0.001). Conclusion: Theproportion of CKD-HD patients in Indonesia with high Hb-var was47.24% (95%CI 38.3-56.3%). Factors that determined Hb-var wereRET-Helevels, ESA dosage, and blood transfusion."

"Perdarahan saluran cerna (PSC) merupakan salah satu komplikasi COVID-19 dengan angka mortalitas yang tinggi, namun hingga kini besaran kasusnya belum pernah dilaporkan di Indonesia. Selain itu, hasil penelitian sebelumnya mengenai faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian PSC juga masih bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung proporsi kejadian PSC pada COVID-19 serta mendapatkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian merupakan studi potong-lintang dengan subjek pasien dewasa COVID-19 derajat sedang hingga kritis di RS Rujukan COVID-19 Pertamina Jaya dan RS Darurat Wisma Haji Pondok Gede, Jakarta, selama periode Juni-September 2021. Dari 414 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi didapatkan kejadian PSC sebesar 17,63%. Mayoritas subjek memiliki komorbid hipertensi (51%), diabetes melitus tipe 2 [DMT2] (43,2%), penyakit serebrokardiovaskular [PSKV] (31,4%), serta riwayat penyakit ulkus peptikum dan PSC sebelumnya (23,9%). Median nilai neutrofil absolut ialah 4.842,5[1.116-70.000], kadar CRP 65,5[9-275] mg/dL, dan kadar D-dimer 890[200-5010] µg/L. Berdasarkan uji bivariat, terdapat tujuh variabel yang bermakna secara statistik, namun pada analisis multivariat generalized linear model menggunakan family regresi Poisson dan fungsi link log dengan robust error variance diperoleh empat variabel akhir yang bermakna secara statistik, yaitu hipertensi (aRR 2,67; IK95% 1,52-4,41; p<0,001), PSKV (aRR 1,90; IK95% 1,27-2,84; p=0,002), terapi kortikosteroid dosis tinggi (aRR 1,82; IK95% 1,22-2,73; p=0,004), dan terapi proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dosis tinggi (aRR 0,41; IK95% 0,27-0,60; p<0,001). Uji Pearson goodness-of-fit menunjukkan nilai p=0,999 dan nilai AUC 0,755 (IK95% 0,694-0,815; p<0,001). Sebagai kesimpulan, proporsi kejadian PSC pada COVID-19 derajat sedang-kritis ialah 17,63 (IK95% 14,1-21,6%). Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian PSC ialah hipertensi, PSKV, serta penggunaan kortikosteroid dan PPI.

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Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a COVID-19 complication with high mortality rate whose magnitude and impact have not been reported in Indonesia. Moreover, the resutls of previous studies on factors influencing GIB in COVID-19 still varied widely. This study aimed to measure the proportion of GIB cases in COVID-19 and investigate the factors influencing GIB in COVID-19. This was a cross sectional study on adults with moderate to critical COVID-19 in Pertamina Jaya Referral Hospital and Wisma Haji Pondok Gede Field Hospital, Jakarta from June to September 2021. We found that out of 414 subjects that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17.63% had cases of GIB. Most subjects had comorbidities, including hypertension (51%), type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] (43.2%), cerebrocardiovascular disease [CCVD] (31.4%), and history of peptic ulcer and previous GIB (23.9%). Median[min-max] number of absolute neutrohil was 4,842.5 [1,116-70,000], CRP levels was 65.5 [9-275] mg/dL, and D-dimer levels was 890 [200-5,010] ug/L. Bivariate analysis showed that there were seven variables that were statistically significant. However, according to generalized linear model analysis withPoisson regression family and log link function with robust error variance, there were four final variables that were statistically significant. There variabels as follow hypertension (aRR 2.67; 95%CI 1.52-4.41; p<0.001), CCVD (aRR 1.90; 95%CI 1.27-2.84; p=0.002), high dose corticosteroid therapy (aRR 1.82; 95%CI 1.22-2.73; p=0.004), and high dose proton pump inhibitor [PPI] therapy (aRR 0.41; 95%CI 0.27-0.60; p<0.001). Pearson goodness-of-fit test showed p=0.999 and AUC value of 0.755 (95%CI 0.694-0.815; p<0.001). In conclusion, the proportion of GIB incidence in moderate-critical COVID-19 was 17.63% (95%CI 14.1-21.6%). Factors that influence GIB were hypertension, CCVD, the use of corticosteroid, and PPI."