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"Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan karyawan dan keluarga PT Pusri, maka pihak RS Pusri diberi tanggungjawab memberikan pelayanan kesehatan bagi karyawan dan keluarga PT Pusri dengan sistem kapitasi. Sistem kapitasi adalah suatu cara pembayaran dimuka sebelum pelayanan diberikan dan sistem ini memerlukan informasi yang lengkap dan komprehensif terhadap tingkat utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan oleh karyawan dan keluarga PT Pusri.Pada pelayanan kesehatan yang dibiayai sering terjadi apa yang disebut moral hazard sehingga sering terjadi over utilisasi. Permasalahan pada penelitian ini adalah belum diketahuinya informasi tingkat utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan oleh karyawan dan keluarga PT Pusri dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor karakteristik karyawan dan keluarga PT Pusri yang berhubungan dengan tingkat utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan RS Pusri. Penelitian ini merupakan penetilitian deskriptif analitik dengan data primer didapat dari hasil wawancara dan data sekunder dari rekam medik.Karakteristik karyawan dan keluarga PT Pusri yang merupakan variabel bebas yaitu ; jenis kelamin, umur, pendidikan, jabatan, status perkawinan, jenis penyakit , persepsi terhadap RS Pusri, jarak tempat tinggal, jumlah anggota keluarga dan pengeluaran keluarga dengan variabel terikatnya tingkat utilisasi. Pada uji statistik chi square dengan nilai p = 0,05 didapatkan hanya 3 variabel bebas yaitu; jenis penyakit, persepsi dan jarak tempat tinggal yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dan pada analisis multivariat regresi logistik didapatkan variabel jarak tempat tinggal merupakan faktor yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi tingkat utilisasi responden.Hasil uji korelasi diantara variabel-variabel bebas yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna ternyata mempunyai nilai korelasi yang rendah. Variabel jarak tempat tinggal mempunyai nilai korelasi yang paling tinggi dan negatif dibanding dari 2 variabel bebas yang lain.Dalam penelitian ini menyatakan secara tidak langsung bahwa tidak semua teori yang ada dapat sesuai dengan kondisi dari populasi yang dijadikan sampel penelitian terutama pada populasi dimana biaya pelayanan kesehatan ditanggung pihak lain.Saran dari peneliti adalah untuk dapat dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui tingkat utilisasi pada populasi dimana beban biaya pelayanan kesehatan ditanggung pihak lain sehingga dapat melihat seberapa besar terjadinya moral hazard dan derived demand.

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Correlation Analysis between Characteristic of Employees and Families of PT Pusri with the Utilization Level of Health Service of the Pusri Hospital 2003 In fulfilling the needs for health service of the employees and families of PT Pusri, the Pusri Hospital is charged with the responsibility to provide health services for the employees and families of the PT Pusri with capitation system. The capitation system is a prepaid payment system before the service is provided and this system needs complete and comprehensive information toward the utilization level of the health service by the employees and families of PT Pusri.In the health service which is financed often occurred what is call moral hazard that often occurred over utilization. The problem in this research is the unknown information regarding the health utilization level by the employees and families of PT Pusri and the factors which affect it.This research is intended to identify the factors of the employees and families? characteristic which is related to the health service utilization level of Pusri Hospital. This research is a descriptive and analytic one, with the primary data obtained from the result of interview and secondary data from medical record.The employees and families characteristic of PT Pusri which independent variable, namely : sex, age, education, position, marital status, types of diseases, perception towards the Pusri Hospital, distance of residence, family size and family expenditure with its dependent variable: the utilization level. With the chi square statistical test with the p value = 0.05 we only obtained 3 independent variables, namely : types of diseases, perception and distance of residence that have significant correlation and the logistic regression multivariate analysis we obtained the variable of distance of the residence as the most dominant factor in affecting the respondents' utilization level.The results of correlation test between the independent variables which have significant relationship turned out to have low correlation value; the variable of residence distance has the highest correlation value and negative compared to the other 2 independent variables.In this research we found out indirectly that the not all of the available theories can be suitable with the population condition that become samples of this research, especially in the population in which the health service expense is financed by other parties.Suggestion from this research is that further research can he done to identify the utilization in the population in which the health service expense is financed by other parties that we can see the extent to which the moral hazard and derived demand."

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian secara retrospektif terhadap 260 penderita yang menjalani bedah pintas koroner di Rumah Sakit Jantung Harapan Kita antara bulan Maret 1986 sampai dengan 31 Maret 1990 untuk mencari variabel prognostik mortalitas bedah.Tiga puluh satu variabel prabedah yang terdiri dart 24 variabel klinis, 7 variabel kateterisasi-angiografi; dan 6 variabel intrabedah, telah diuji secara univariat dengan analisa "Kai-kuadrat" atau "Fisher's exact" dan selanjutnya secara multivariat dengan "Forward stepwise selection".Dari 24 variabel klinik yang dianalisa secara univariat hanya 4 variabel yang bermakna yaitu kelas angina, riwayat CHF, aritmia dan kreatinin. Dari 7 variabel kateterisasi-angiografi tidak satupun yang bermakna. Dari 6 variabel bedah hanya 3 variabel yang bermakna secara univariat yaitu prioritas bedah, lama klem aorta dan endarterektomi. Dari 4 variabel klinik dan 3 variabel bedah yang bermakna tersebut, dengan analisa multivariat hanya 3 variabel yang bermakna yaitu prioritas bedah (p=0,0002), lama klem aorta (p=0,019) dan kreatinin serum (p=0,049).Mortalitas bedah meningkat dengan tindakan urgensi--emergensi (mortalitas elektif 5,7%, mortalitas urgensi 28,0% dan mortalitas emergensi 57,1%). Lama klem aorta juga mempengaruhi mortalitas (mortalitas lame klem aorta < 52 menit 2%, antara 52-70 menit 4,9%, antara 71-96 menit 10,0% dan > 96 menit 22,9%). Kadar kreatinin > 2 mg% menyebabkan mortalitas meningkat (pada kadar kreatinin serum > 2 mg% mortalitasnya 60%).Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa kadar kreatinin serum yang tinggi, pernbedahan secara urgensi-emergensi, dan lama klem aorta yang panjang akan meningkatkan mortalitas bedah.

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ABSTRACTA retrospective study on 260 patients who underwent bypass surgery at the Harapan Kiita National Cardiac Center from March 1986 up to March 1990 was undertaken to determine the prognostic variable in surgical mortality.Thirty one preoperative variables comprising of 24 clinical, 7 coronary angiographies and 6 intraoperative variables were tested using univariate analysis with chi-square or Fisher's exact followed by multivariate analysis using Forward Stepwise Selection.Of 24 variables analyzed using univariate analysis only 4 were significant, namely angina class, history of CHF, arrhythmias and creatinine.Of the 7 angiographies variables, not even one was significant ; whereas of 6 surgical variables, only 3 were significant, that is priority of surgery, duration of aortic clamp and endarterectomy.From 4 clinical and 3 surgical variables which were significant, using multivariate analysis, only 3 were significant: priority of surgery (p=0,0002), duration of aortic clamp (p=0,019), and serum creatinine (p=0,049).Surgical mortality increased with urgency-emergency procedures (elective mortality 5,7%, urgency mortality 28,0% and emergency mortality 57,1%). Duration of aortic clamp also influenced mortality (aortic cross clamp < 521,2%; between 71-96',10,0% ; and > 96',22,9%). 96',22,9%). Serum creatinine level exceeding 2 mg% increased mortality (at a serum creatinine level of > 2 mg%, mortality was 60%).In conclusion, a high serum creatinine level, an urgency-emergency surgical procedure, and the duration of aortic clamp time will increase surgical mortality."

"[ABSTRAKBencana alam menimbulkan masalah psikologi. Masyarakat yang menjadi korbanharus memiliki resiliensi dan kesejahteraan spiritual supaya bersikap adaptif.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan resiliensidan kesejahteraan spiritual survivor erupsi Gunung Kelud. Penelitian inimerupakan penelitian deskriptif korelasi cross sectional, jumlah sampel sebanyak136 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor paling dominanberhubungan dengan resiliensi adalah riwayat trauma. Faktor paling dominanberhubungan dengan kesejahteraan spiritual adalah pendidikan. Pelayanankeperawatan pasca bencana perlu dilakukan secara komprehensif, melibatkandukungan sosial serta nilai kepercayaan atau budaya sehingga meningkatkanresiliensi dan kesejahteraan spiritual.

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ABSTRACTNatural disaster could inpact the psychological conditions of disaster affectedpersons. The survivors must have resilience and spiritual well-being to enablethem to adapt positively to an unexpected situation. The purpose of this study wasto determine the factors related to resilience and spiritual well-being ofsurvivors. The design of this study was the correlation descriptive to wards 136respondents. The results showed that the dominant factors related to resiliencewas traumatic experiences. The dominant factors related to spiritual well-beingwas level of education. The nursing care in the post disaster needs to becomprehensive; involving community supports as well as spirituality in thecontext of culture of survivors, so that it would improve the resilience andspiritual well-being.;Natural disaster could inpact the psychological conditions of disaster affectedpersons. The survivors must have resilience and spiritual well-being to enablethem to adapt positively to an unexpected situation. The purpose of this study wasto determine the factors related to resilience and spiritual well-being ofsurvivors. The design of this study was the correlation descriptive to wards 136respondents. The results showed that the dominant factors related to resiliencewas traumatic experiences. The dominant factors related to spiritual well-beingwas level of education. The nursing care in the post disaster needs to becomprehensive; involving community supports as well as spirituality in thecontext of culture of survivors, so that it would improve the resilience andspiritual well-being., Natural disaster could inpact the psychological conditions of disaster affectedpersons. The survivors must have resilience and spiritual well-being to enablethem to adapt positively to an unexpected situation. The purpose of this study wasto determine the factors related to resilience and spiritual well-being ofsurvivors. The design of this study was the correlation descriptive to wards 136respondents. The results showed that the dominant factors related to resiliencewas traumatic experiences. The dominant factors related to spiritual well-beingwas level of education. The nursing care in the post disaster needs to becomprehensive; involving community supports as well as spirituality in thecontext of culture of survivors, so that it would improve the resilience andspiritual well-being.]"

"ABSTRAKDalam kurun waktu lebih dari dua dekade terakhir, deteksi anomali menjadi salah satu topik yang menarik bagi para peneliti untuk dikembangkan. Collaborative-Representation-Based Detector (CRD) merupakan salah satu metodologi deteksi anomali yang berhasil dikembangkan. CRD melakukan aproksimasi masing-masing piksel pada background yang direpresentasikan oleh piksel-piksel tetangga, sementara itu piksel anomali tidak bisa direpresentasikan sama seperti piksel yang lainnya. Citra yang dihasilkan dari metodologi ini tergolong baik, karena mampu mendeteksi piksel anomali dengan cukup akurat. Kelemahannya adalah, citra hasil deteksi yang dihasilkan cenderung memperlihatkan banyak piksel yang sebenarnya bukan anomali walaupun dengan nilai intesitas yang sangat kecil. Penerapan threshold penyesuaian Root-Mean pada penelitian ini akan melakukan filter terhadap piksel-piksel pengganggu yang tidak diinginkan pada citra hasil proses CRD tersebut sehingga memberikan hasil yang lebih memuaskan. Dari sembilan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, hampir semua data menunjukan perbaikkannya setelah dilakukan filter dengan threshold RM.

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ABSTRACT

Over the last two decades, anomaly detection is one of most interesting topics to develop for researchs. Collaborative-Representation-Based Detector (CRD) becomes one of the methodologies that was successfully developed. In CRD, each pixel in background can be approximately represented by its spatial neighborgoods, while anomalies cannot. The output image of this methodology can be categorized as good enough because it can detect the anomalies pixel accurately. However, the output image tend to show us there are many normal pixels around the anomaly pixel, although in very low intensity. Implementation of Root-Mean Adjustment threshold in this research will filter that unexpected pixel to obtain the statisfactory results. To compare performences of Root-Mean Adjustment threshold. Most of the nine Data show us that its unexpected can be filtered and show the better results.

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