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"Price of world oil in the international market which progressively uncertained and tended to be declined on the beginning of year 1980's was quite groused the jolt of state's revenue from both oil and gas sector which became its mainstay within the government implementation funding at the time. Realizing this uncertainly global condition, the government immediately makes the orientation changer of state income source from both oil and gas sector to non-both oil and gas sector especially tax. As the real step on such orientation change, the government begins to implement the improvement of national taxation system covering the institutional and regulation system through taxation reformation of 1983. As a consequence of state income's orientation change, the duly of taxes general directorate longer the year become greater the heavy as the state income compiler. However, such thing is not become obstacle for Directorate General of Taxes.Such as we knew that there were some methods of PPN's collection, namely:1. Addition Method, it is Calculate the value adding by calculate it on purchase price of both product and service.2. Subtraction Method, it is calculate the value-increase 1 value-adding by reduce the purchase price of both product and service towards the sale price of both product and service wherein its component come from them purchased.Indonesia uses the Indirect Subtraction method or can also called as invoice method, within calculate the Value Adding Tax. This thing can be apparent wherein on each link of production and distribution are imposed by PPN, invoice of tax as a proof of tax collection made by taxable entrepreneur who carry out neither the taxable goods giving nor the taxable service giving or proof of tax levied becauseimport of taxable goods by Directorate General of Customs and Excise.Within the Indirect Subtraction method, can be found the taxes crediting mechanism, and within the constitution or law of PPN we have recognized the input tax and output tax as the main component in this method. Input tax in period can be credited with output tax on the same time period, if the output tax is bigger than the input tax, thus, on its difference constitutes valve Adding Tax that must paid by taxable entrepreneur. However, in condition wherein the output tax is smaller than the input tax, thus, on its difference constitutes tax's surplus that can be re-demanded or be compensated to the next tax-time.Such tax's surplus can be re-demanded or we have recognized it with called as Restitution. Giving's process of that tax's surplus is preceded with examination by Directorate General of Taxes.Process of PPN restitution's giving constitute one of DJP's service form to the tax obligatory that always obtain attention from various circles, therefore, that service improvement always continuously developed by DJP without interruption. Such thing is proposed to extend the best service to the tax obligatory especially service of PPN restitution's giving. However, which always to be obstacle within examination process in the frame of restitution's giving is request for confirmation answer of input tax which take a long time. Such thing exceedingly inflicted a loss upon the tax obligatory as on tax's surplus to be demanded restitution constitutes endured fund on government treasury within the examination process often happened wherein output tax is invisible within taxation information system because it is not yet recorded by relevant KPP, so that such process continued with clarification request which take time about one more month.Therefore, writer attempts the acceleration of restitution's giving with matching system. This system had ever been tried out on 1997, but it was mulled to be used by Taxes General Directorate with reason that administrative matters of tax obligatory have not ready yet. Besides that, such system was cancelled with reason that it requires many enclosures and this thing exceedingly burdening the tax obligatory because the high cost. In fact, however, such system has a superiority because the SPT's enclosure PPN's period besides it received by KPP wherein seller was registered, it also received by KPP wherein buyer was registered. Therefore, the confirmation can be done accelerately.Writer here views that recording process of SPT's enclosure PPN's period is too many using the human power, thereby, it cannot be avoided the occurrence of humanly mistakes of recording. Therefore if the Directorate General of Taxes issued the rules and provision which regulate that each of/all PKP obligate to enter SPT PPN's period into electronics media form, thus, confirmation process could be done quickly."

"Kereta api sebagai moda transportasi massal yang banyak dipakai pada saat ini membutuhkan tingkat keamanan tinggi untuk menjamin keselamatan penumpang yang menggunakannya. Dengan alasan itulah diperlukan rem dengan sifat mekanis yang baik diantaranya memiliki laju keausan yang rendah,mempunyai jarak pengereman ideal sehingga kereta tidak tergelincir pada saat direm,tidak mengalami crack pada range temperatur operasional dan harga yang relatif murah. Rem komposit sebagai alternatif yang digunakan pada PT. KA memiliki semua kriteria diatas walaupun memiliki keterbatasan-keterbatasan tertentu sehingga perlu dilakukan serangkaian pengujian ulang baik itu secara mekanis ( uji keausan ) dan secara mikro ( Scanning Electron Microscope ) untuk memastikan kelayakan pada saat operasional di lapangan. Melalui hasil yang didapat baik itu berupa angka,grafik,dan hasil secara mikroskopik diharapkan kita dapat memperkirakan laju keausan dari rem kereta api yang digunakan dan kelayakan penggunaan di lapangan sehingga menghindari kegagalan di kemudian hari. Laju Keausan terbesar dialami oleh rem komposit logam dengan nilai 26.37401 mm3/m pada area kanan melalui variabel kecepatan putar disc 1.97m/s dan laju keausan terkecil dengan nilai 0.891268 mm3/m pada variabel jarak luncur 400 m pada area tengah rem komposit logam.

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Train as a massal transportation which is widely used nowadays requires high safety to ensure passenger's life. To fulfil that purpose, brake with high mechanical properties, which has relative low wear rate, have an ideal breaking distance so the train will not slide when the brake is on, crack does not occur on the operational temperature range, and relative low cost. Composite brake as an alternative which is used on PT. KA have all those required properties even though have a few limitation, so several test must be done, by mechanical( wear testing ) and microstructure (Scanning Electron Microscope) to ensure that the brake will not fail on the application. By observing and studying the result by number, graphics, we can predict the wear rate from the brake material of the train so it will prevent failure of the brake material on the application. Highest wear rate resulting from brakes with metal composite with the value of 26.37401 mm3/m on the right area through revolving disc variable 1.97m/s and the smallest wear rate with the value of 0.891268 mm3/m on the sliding distance variable 400 m on the middle area of the metal composite."

"Penelitian ini mengkaji satu karakteristik biodiesel dan campuran biodiesel-solar yakni stabilitas oksidasi, bahan bakar dengan stabilitas oksidasi rendah dapat dengan mudah teroksidasi dengan udara, bila telah rancid atau tengik dapat mengakibatkan korosi dan kerusakan pada injektor, tangki dan elemen mesin lain. Metode 743 Rancimat (modified) round robin test khusus untuk menguji stabilitas oksidasi biodiesel, campuran biodiesel-solar dan solar melalui determinasi waktu induksi/induction time, hasilnya B100-UFO atau biodiesel minyak jelantah murni (Used Frying Oil/UFO) memiliki stabilitas oksidasi 1,6 jam (pada 110oC), B95-UFO 2,95 jam, B90-UFO 3,56 jam, B80-UFO 17,13 jam dan B30-UFO 98,24 jam. Dengan standar minimal stablilitas oksidasi 6 jam (EN 14112), Stabilitas oksidasi yang aman bagi mesin diesel dimulai B80 dan grafik trendline meperlihatkan B85 masih aman di kisaran 10 jam. Adapun kinerja mesin diperoleh hasil dibandingkan dengan solar, minyak jelantah sebagai campuran mengakibatkan kenaikan konsumsi bahan bakar untuk daya yang sama, mengakibatkan penurunan Brake Horse Power/BHP untuk semua campuran. Terdapat keunikan pada B15-UFO dibandingkan campuran biodiesel jelantah-solar yang lain yakni memiliki efisiensi thermal yang naik (0,26%) sedangkan campuran yang lain turun, pada kondisi putaran poros tetap memiliki kenaikan SFC yang paling rendah (2,34%) dan memiliki penurunan BHP yang paling rendah (9,38%).

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This research is studying oxidation stability of biodiesel and biodiesel-petrodiesel blends, fuel with low oxidative stability will be oxidized by atmosphere air easily, rancid fuel is corrosive and will damage the injector, tank and other elements. 743 Rancimat Method (modified) round robin test is only for determining the oxidative stability of biodiesel, biodiesel-petrodiesel and petrodiesel by determining induction time. The result : B100-UFO or the neat Used Frying Oil (UFO) Biodiesel has oxidation stability 1,6 hours (at 110oC), B95-UFO 2,95 hours, B90-UFO 3,56 hours, B80-UFO 17,13 hours and B30-UFO 98,24 hours. the minimum standard of oxidation stability is 6 hours (EN 14112), B80 is safe for diesel engine and graph trendline shows B85 is still safe as around 7 hours. The Diesel engine performance results are : w The Diesel engine performance results are : With petrodiesel as the standard, Used Frying Oil as blender make an increase of fuel consumption for the same power, make a decrease of Brake Horse Power/BHP for all blends. There are some uniqueness of the B15-UFO compared with other UFO biodiesel-petrodiesel such as it has an increase thermal efficiency (0,26%)as the other blends are decrease, at constant rotational speed (rpm) it has the lowest increase of SFC (2,34%) and the lowest decrease of BHP (9,38%). ith petrodiesel as the standard, Used Frying Oil as blender make an increase of fuel consumption for the same power, make a decrease of Brake Horse Power/BHP for all blends. There are some uniqueness of the B15-UFO compared with other UFO biodiesel-petrodiesel such as it has an increase thermal efficiency (0,26%)as the other blends are decrease, at constant rotational speed (rpm) it has the lowest increase of SFC (2,34%) and the lowest decrease of BHP (9,38%).;This research is studying oxidation stability of biodiesel and biodiesel-petrodiesel blends, fuel with low oxidative stability will be oxidized by atmosphere air easily, rancid fuel is corrosive and will damage the injector, tank and other elements. 743 Rancimat Method (modified) round robin test is only for determining the oxidative stability of biodiesel, biodiesel-petrodiesel and petrodiesel by determining induction time. The result : B100-UFO or the neat Used Frying Oil (UFO) Biodiesel has oxidation stability 1,6 hours (at 110oC), B95-UFO 2,95 hours, B90-UFO 3,56 hours, B80-UFO 17,13 hours and B30-UFO 98,24 hours. the minimum standard of oxidation stability is 6 hours (EN 14112), B80 is safe for diesel engine and graph trendline shows B85 is still safe as around 7 hours. The Diesel engine performance results are : w The Diesel engine performance results are : With petrodiesel as the standard, Used Frying Oil as blender make an increase of fuel consumption for the same power, make a decrease of Brake Horse Power/BHP for all blends. There are some uniqueness of the B15-UFO compared with other UFO biodiesel-petrodiesel such as it has an increase thermal efficiency (0,26%)as the other blends are decrease, at constant rotational speed (rpm) it has the lowest increase of SFC (2,34%) and the lowest decrease of BHP (9,38%). ith petrodiesel as the standard, Used Frying Oil as blender make an increase of fuel consumption for the same power, make a decrease of Brake Horse Power/BHP for all blends. There are some uniqueness of the B15-UFO compared with other UFO biodiesel-petrodiesel such as it has an increase thermal efficiency (0,26%)as the other blends are decrease, at constant rotational speed (rpm) it has the lowest increase of SFC (2,34%) and the lowest decrease of BHP (9,38%)."

"Banyak organisasi yang menerapkan ISO 14001 seperli memiliki kesamaan dengan system kualitas yang ada yang sesuai dengan persyaratan ISO 9001. Dan juga, banyak customer yang mengharuskan supplier nya untuk terdafiar dalam standar kualitas seperti ISO 9000 atau QS-9000 dan juga mengharuskan supplier nya mengimplementasikan ISO 14001. Beruntung banyak kesamaan proses dalam ISO 9000 dari ISO 14001. Manajemen system Iain yang mirip dengan ISO 14001 ialah isu mengenai K3. Meskipun saat ini tidak ada standar intemasional untuk mnnajemen K3, spesifikasi OHSAS 18001 dikenibimgkan oleh I3 organisisilsi, yang menyediaktln jasa rcgistrasi bagi organisasi yang menginginkan QMS dan EMS yang ada sesuai dengan persyaratan dari standar intemasional. Organisasi memiliki beberapa alasan untuk meluangkan waktu dan biaya untuk mengimplementasikan manajemen system yang sesuai dengan persyaratan dari standar (Manajement system integration: Can it be do ne?, Mary McDonald; Teny A Mors; Ann Phillips, Qualiry Progress; Oct 2003; 36, IO; ABIIINFORM Global, pg.67). Sejalan dengan impelenlasi standar intemasional tersebut, maka kebutuhan pelaksanaan lntemal Audit yang merupakan salah satu persyaratan standar meningkat. Sebagai perusahaan yang telah memiliki akreditasi intemasional ISO 9001, ISO 14001 dan O1-ISAS 18001, PAMA rnerasakan bahwa waktu yang diluangkan untuk pelaksanaan Internal Audit sangat tinggi untuk keseluruhan job site nya (CPSD Presentation to BOD), hal ini merupakan sesuatu yang dapat ditingkatkan mengingat banyak kesamaan pertanyaan audit dari ketiga standar internasional tersebut. Metoda penelitian yang dilakukan ialah dengan menggunakan 8 Iangkah perbaikan, prinsip dasar dari 8 Iangkah adalah PDCA (Plan Do Check Action) yang harus dijiwai oleh semangat perbuikan yang terus menerus (Kaizen). Dari hasil pengkzgian dan pcnelitian dalam rangka peningkatan proses internal audit ISO 9001, ISO 14001 dan OI-ISAS 18001 maka didapat beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan, yaitu pelaksanaan intemal audit secara integrasi, yang salah satu diantara aktifitasnya iaIa.h penyusunan Audi! Protocol Integrasi yang merupakan tool dalam pelaksanaan Intemal Audit, yang diharapkan dengan penggunaan fool tersebut yang sudah mencakup pertanyaan persyaratan dari ISO 9001, ISO 14001 dan O1-ISAS 18001, dalarn satu pelaksanaan Intemal Audit sudah mencakup ketiga manajemen system. Dalam penyusunan Audi! Protocol lntegrasi tersebut pertama - tama diidentitikasi dahulu SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) yang ada dan juga meneliti persyaratan dari ketiga manajemen system yang diintegrasikan. Lalu disusun matriks keterkaitan anlara ketiga system tersebut guna mengidentifikasi kesamaan dan perbedaannya, setelah matriks keterkaitan tersusun lalu disusunlah Audi! Prorocol Integrasi yang mempakan kumpulan pertanyaan audit yang digunakan dalam proses internal audit. Audit Protocol Integrasi yang sudah tersusun kemudian dicvaluasi kembali guna memastikan kualitzsnya dengan mendistribusikannya pada para auditor umuk mendapatkan masukannya. Dari hasil pelaksanaan intemal audit yang terintegrasi dihasilkan pengurangaan jumlah hari dari sebeium adanya integrasi.. Dari hasil penelitian disusun pula suatu standarisasi guna memastikan tindakan perbaikan yang telah dilakukan dapat berjalan secara konsisten."

"Keinginan masyarakat untuk dapat menjaga kondisi makanan serta mendapatkan minuman dalam keadaan segar membuat lemari pendingin menjadi salah satu alat rumah tangga yang sangat populer. Sebagian besar lemari pendingin tersebut menggunakan sistem pendingin konvensional yang saat ini sedang ramai diperbincangkan karena penggunaan refrigeran yang dapat merusak ozon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan nilai unjuk kerja antara lemari pendingin berbasis termoelektrik dengan lemari pendingin berbasis absorpsi. Nilai unjuk kerja dalam hal laju pendinginan kabin, temperatur kabin, dan nilai COP, lemari pendingin termoelektrik mampu mengungguli performa lemari pendingin absorpsi, dengan nilai COP 0,093 - 0,15 lemari pendingin termoelektrik memiliki potensi yang besar untuk menjadi pengganti lemari pendingin konvensional.

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People desire to keep meals and drinks in a good conditions makes refrigerator become the most popular for a appliance. Almost all of refrigerator in the world using conventional refrigeration system which is using refrigerant as a working fluid. Today, many refrigerant are discused because it can makes ozon depletion.

This research aim to compare between thermoelectric refrigerator performance and absorption refrigerator performance. The number of performance such as cooling rate, cabin temperature, and a number of COP, thermoelectric refrigerator has been able to outperform absorption refrigerator performace, with a number of COP between 0,093 ' 0,15, thermoelectric refrigerator is highly potential to become a future refrigerator."

"Tesis ini merupakan business plan penyewaan alat berat yang dilakukan oleh Koperasi X dalam rangka menjadi menjadi penyedia jasa penyewaan alat berat kepada PT ABC, didalam business pkm ini dilakukan beberapa analisa tethadep bentuk struktur organisasi dan uraian tugaspenentuan harga serta aspek keuangan, Kesimpulan dari business plan ini ialah. investasi layak untuk dilakukan dengan syarat resiko operasional dapat dikelola dengan baik. mengingat resiko terbesar dari bisnis ini terkait dengan aktifitas dalam operasi berupa pengelolaan operator, perawatan terencana, keselamatan kerja.

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This thesis is a business plan fur heavy equipment rental done by Koperasi X in order to become a business partner with PT ABC in heavy equipment rental, within this business plan there are several analysis done on organization structure and job description. pricing strategy and financial aspect Based on this business plan, we can conclude that this investment is worth to be done, as long as operational risk can be managed well. concerning that the highest risk associated with this business are management of operator, preventive maintenance and safety."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Sejak tahun 1980 Divisi Gastroenterologi Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia/Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (IPD FKUI/RSCM) membuat kriteria derajat gastritis kronik berdasarkan gambaran esofagogastroduodenoskopi (EGD) adanya hiperemis dan erosi. Kriteria derajat gastritis kronik ini banyak digunakan di seluruh Indonesia namun kriteria tersebut belum pernah dilakukan uji diagnostik.Tujuan: Mendapatkan akurasi diagnostik derajat gastritis kronik berdasarkan pemeriksaan EGD dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan histopatologi.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik derajat gastritis kronik berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan EGD pada pasien yang memiliki indikasi, dibandingkan dengan gambaran histopatologi sebagai pemeriksaan baku emas yang dilakukan di Pusat Endoskopi Saluran Cerna (PESC) Divisi Gastroenterologi Departemen IPD FKUI/RSCM dari Oktober 2014 hingga Februari 2015. Uji diagnostik yang dilakukan ada 2 yaitu uji diagnostik gastritis sedang - ringan dan berat - sedang. Masing-masing uji diagnostik di atas, ditampilkan parameter-parameter uji diagnostik berupa sensitivitas (Se), spesifisitas (Sp), nilai duga positif (NDP), nilai duga negatif (NDN), serta rasio kemungkinan (RK) positif dan negatif. Seluruh parameter di atas menyertakan interval kepercayaan 95% (IK 95%).Hasil Penelitian: Dari 230 subjek didapatkan karateristik penelitian perempuan lebih banyak dari laki - laki dengan perbandingan 3:2, terdapat merata pada semua kelompok usia, DM 23%, hipertensi 36,5% dan infeksi H.pylori 2,6%. Hasil uji diagnostik gastritis ringan - sedang: Se 0.95 (IK 95% 0.87-0.98), Sp 0.96 (IK 95% 0.86-0.99), NDP 0.97 (IK 95% 0.89-0.99), NDN 0.94 (IK 95% 0.84-0.98), RK Positif 23.39 (IK 95% 6.09- 89.74) dan RK Negatif 0.05 (CI 95% 0.02-0.14). Hasil uji diagnostik gastritis sedang - berat: Sensitivitas 0.93 (IK 95% 0.82-0.98), Spesifisitas 0.94 (IK 95% 0.86-0.98), Nilai Duga Positif 0.91 (IK 95% 0.79-0.96), Nilai Duga Negatif 0.96 (IK 95% 0.88-0.99), Rasio Kemungkinan Positif 16.54 (IK 95% 6.32-43.28) dan Rasio Kemungkinan Negatif 0.05 (CI 95% 0.02-0.21).Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan EGD memiliki akurasi yang baik untuk menegakkan diagnosis derajat gastritis kronik.

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ABSTRACT

Background: Since 1980, Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine FKUI/RSCM had made a criteria for chronic gastritis grading based on hyperemic and erosion that are found in gastric?s mucosa based on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) examination. This criteria is used nationwide all over Indonesia but until now there is no diagnostic study for chronic gastritis grading based on EGD examination compare to histopathology examination as the gold standard.

Purpose: To get diagnostic accuracy of chronic gastritis grading based on EGD compared to histopathology.

Methods: This research is a diagnostic study about chronic gastritis grading by EGD from patients that had indication for, compared to histophatology as a gold standard in gastrointestinal endoscopy room Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine FKUI/RSCM from October 2014 to February 2015. There will be 2 diagnostic study, mild to moderate gastritis and severe to moderate gastritis diagnostic study. For every diagnostic study, the parameters that will be showed are Sensitivity (Se), Specificity (Sp), Possitive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), Possitive Likelihood Ratio and Negative Likelihood Ratio (NLR). The 95% confidence interval will be included.

Results: Of 230 subjects, there were more women than men with ratio 3:2, age didn?t affect the grading of chronic gastritis, type 2 diabetes was found in 23% patients, hypertension was found in 36,5% patients and H.pylori infection in only 2.6% patients. The results for mild to moderate gastritis : Sensitivity 0.95 (CI 95% 0.87-0.98), Specificity 0.96 (CI 95% 0.86-0.99), Possitive Predictive Value 0.97 (CI 95% 0.89- 0.99), Negative Predictive Value 0.94 (CI 95% 0.84-0.98), Possitive Likelihood Ratio 23.39 (CI 95% 6.09-89.74), and Negative Likelihood Ratio 0.05 (CI 95% 0.02-0.14). The results for moderate to severe gastritis : Sensitivity 0.93 (CI 95% 0.82-0.98), Specificity 0.94 (CI 95% 0.86-0.98), Possitive Predictive Value 0.91 (CI 95% 0.79-0.96), Negative Predictive Value 0.96 (CI 95% 0.88-0.99), Possitive Likelihood Ratio 16.54 (CI 95% 6.32-43.28), and Negative Likelihood Ratio 0.05 (CI 95% 0.02-0.21).

Conclusion: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy feature has good accuracy to diagnose the grading of chronic gastritis."

"ABSTRAKPerdagangan spesies flora dan fauna adalah salah satu ancaman terbesar terhadap keberlangsungan spesies-spesies tersebut. Mekanisme hukum untuk mengendalikan perdagangan tersebut dapat dibedakan secara umum menjadi larangan perdagangan trade ban , dimana perdagangan dilarang total, serta pasar terkontrol regulated market , dimana perdagangan diperbolehkan dengan pembatasan. Tulisan ini meneliti mekanisme manakah yang lebih sesuai untuk diterapkan sebagai strategi konservasi, dengan mempelajari kedua mekanisme di Indonesia, Peru, India, dan Afrika Selatan. Hasil yang ditemukan adalah baik larangan perdagangan maupun pasar terkontrol adalah mekanisme pengendalian yang efektif terhadap spesies-spesies yang berbeda, tergantung dari kondisi dan faktor-faktor seputar spesies yang bersangkutan. Faktor yang paling utama adalah karakteristik biologis dan situasi pasar terhadap spesies, serta paradigma kebijakan yang sudah diambil oleh negara habitat spesies terkait. Berbekal hasil penemuan tersebut, tulisan ini juga meneliti mengenai kebijakan Indonesia saat ini dan masa depan, dan menemukan bahwa regulasi Indonesia yang ada sekarang masih belum cukup komprehensif dalam mengatur penetapan status perlindungan spesies, serta faktor-faktor yang harus dipertimbangkan ketika memilih memberlakukan larangan perdagangan atau pasar terkontrol terhadap suatu spesies. Sementara kebijakan di masa depan dalam bentuk Rancangan Undang-Undang, telah memperbaiki permasalahan penetapan status perlindungan spesies, namun masih belum mengatur pertimbangan dalam pemilihan mekanisme secara lengkap, terutama faktor pasar terhadap suatu spesies. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini menyarankan pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengevaluasi ulang mekanisme pengendalian yang diterapkan pada setiap spesies, untuk memastikan bahwa strategi yang dipilih saat ini tidak akan malah memperburuk upaya konservasi suatu spesies

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ABSTRAKWildlife trade is one of the biggest factor threatening the existence of various species. Policies to regulate and control those trade can generally be categorized as trade ban, where any trade is prohibited, and regulated market, where trade is permitted within a strict limit. This paper investigates which policy is more suited to serve the purpose of species conservation, by studying their practices in Indonesia, Peru, India, and South Africa. It finds that both trade ban and regulated market are actually effective for different types of species, depending on each species rsquo condition and circumstances. The main factors to consider include the biological characteristic and the market condition of said species, as well as the existing policy in the regulating State. Using those factors as point of analysis, this paper also investigates Indonesia rsquo s current and future regulation, and finds that Indonesia rsquo s current policy did not cover a comprehensive categorization of protected species, and did not allow an informed decision making proccess in determining between applying trade ban or regulated market to a species. While its future regulation in the form of Rancangan Undang Undang, has tried to fix some issues such as the categorization of protected species, but still failed to regulate a comprehensive considerations in determining which policy to choose, particularly concerning the market of a species. Therefore, this paper recommends the government of Indonesia to re evaluate all protected species on whether the current policy being implemented is really the right one for them, rather than being detrimental to the very conservation of said species."

"

Dewasa ini, model bisnis dengan menggunakan platform menjadi fondasi yang penting bagi perekonomian. Kesuksesan dari platform GO-FOOD dipandang sebagai kesuksesan dari bisnis model yang menggunakan platform. Akan tetapi, hanya ada beberapa platform yang bisa mengakumulasi banyak konsumen atau pemakai platform yang loyal terhadap platform tersebut. Ketika kesuksesan bergantung pada bagaimana pendekatan platform kepada konsumen, konsumen dalam jumlah besar dapat berdampak kepada kemajuan dari platform tersebut. Dalam riset ini, peneliti ingin mengetahui loyalitas terhadap platform GO-FOOD dari perspektif konsumen. Riset ini ingin menunjukan bagaimana nilai yang ditawarkan oleh platform mempengauhi persepsi nilai konsumen yang pada akhirnya berdampak pada loyalitas terhadap platform GO-FOOD.

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Platform-based business models such as GO-FOOD have become such an important pillar of today’s economy. The success of GO-FOOD platform can be perceived as the success of the platform-based business model. However, only very few platforms are able to accumulate a large and loyal following of customers. When success relies upon customer engagement through the platform, a large user base can make or break this platform. In our research we approach this matter by examining the platform loyalty from a customer-centric perspective. We show the impact of different value perceptions for customer-to-customer-based platforms . By demonstrating how customer perception of emotional value and quality value and also price value drive the loyalty to the platform.

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"Pendidikan di Indonesia terus mengalami perubahan baik kuantitas maupun kualitas. Pemerintah melalui beberapa program seperti wajib belajar 12 tahun, Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS), Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP), telah menaikkan persentase penduduk usia produktif yang lulus Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) dari 27,4% pada 2008 hingga 36% pada 2017. Selain secara kuantitas/akses, pemerintah juga melakukan pemerataan kualitas sekolah. Pada tahun 2013, terjadi perubahan kurikulum dan penghapusan Rintisan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional (RSBI) oleh Kemendikbud. Di tahun tersebut pula, DKI Jakarta lewat Dinas Pendidikan menerapkan jalur lokal berbasis zona/rayon untuk PPDB SMA Negeri 2013, yang biasa juga disebut dengan sistem zonasi. Penelitian ini mencoba melihat efek kebijakan jalur lokal di DKI Jakarta dengan metode difference in difference, menggunakan SMA Negeri sebagai kelompok treatment dan SMA Swasta sebagai kelompok control. Output yang dilihat adalah ujian nasional (UN), dengan UN 2015 sebagai output sebelum zonasi dan UN 2016 sebagai output setelah zonasi. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum terjadi penurunan lebih besar dari tahun 2015 ke 2016 pada hasil UN SMA Negeri dibandingkan SMA Swasta, menggunakan metode difference in difference secara reguler dan random effect. Penelitian ini juga mennunjukkan adanya hubungan positif dari input yakni nilai UN SMP di zona sekitarnya 3 tahun lalu, serta hubungan negatif dengan kepadatan wilayah di sekitar sekolah. Namun apabila dilihat terpisah antara jurusan IPA dan IPS, terlihat bahwa jurusan IPA di SMA Negeri tidak mengalami penurunan lebih besar yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan SMA Swasta, serta jurusan IPA juga tidak terpengaruh oleh faktor input.

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Education in Indonesia continues to experience changes in both quantity and quality. The government through several programs such as 12-year compulsory education, School Operational Assistance (BOS), Smart Indonesia Card (KIP), has increased the percentage of the productive age population who graduated from High School (SMA) from 27.4% in 2008 to 36% in 2017. In addition to quantity/access, the government also equalizing quality of schools. In 2013, there was a change in the curriculum and the abolition of International Standard Schools (RSBI) status by the Ministry of Education and Culture. In the same year, Jakarta through The Education Board implemented a zone/rayon-based local admission for the 2013 High School Admission (PPDB), which is also known as the zoning system. This study tries to know the effects of local admission policy in DKI Jakarta with the difference in difference method, using Public High Schools as a treatment group and Private High Schools as a control group. The indicator used for measuring output is the national exam (UN), with the 2015 UN as the output before zoning and the 2016 UN as the output after zoning. Results of this study indicate that in general there was a greater decline from 2015 to 2016 in the Public High School’s UN result compared to its counterpart, using the difference in difference method regularly and random effects. This study also showed that there is a positive relationship with the input factor, using average UN SMP score in the surrounding zone 3 years ago as an indicator, and the negative relationship with the density of the area around the school. However, when viewed separately between the Natural Science and Social Sciences major, it can be seen that the Natural Science major in Public High Schools didn’t experiencing a significantly greater decline compared to Private High Schools, and weren’t affected by input factors.

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