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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyelidiki beberapa senyawa kimia dari ekstrak n-heksana daun Gambia dulcis Kurz dan aktivitas antimikrobanya. Senyawa tersebut diisolasi dengan cara kromatografi kolom menggunakan silika gel sebagai fasa diam dan campuran n-heksana dan etil asetat (85 : 15) sebagai larutan pengelusi. Senyawa-senyawa hasil isolasi dimumikan dengan cara rekristalisasi. Struktur molekul dari senyawa yang sudah mumi ditentukan dengan menggunakan data spektroskopi (IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, dan diffraksi sinar X). Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana memberikan empat senyawa bane turunan xanton, 8-hidroksi-1,4,5,6-tetrametoksi-3',3'-dimetil kromeno xanton (Gd-0), I , 4, 5, 6-tetrametoks i-3', 3'-d i m eti l krome no xanton (Gd-1), 9-hidroksi-5,6,8-trimetoksi-3',3'-dimetilkromenoxanton (Gd-2a) dan 1-hidroksi-4,5,5,8-tetrametoksi-3',3'-dimetilkromeno xanton (Gd-2b).Pada pengujian aktivitas antimikroba dengan metoda difusi memperlihatkan bahwa senyawa Gd-I dan Gd-2 (campuran Gd-2a dan Gd-2b) memberikan efek terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus. ...... This work was carried out to investigate some chemical constituents from the n-hexane extract of Garcinia dulcis Kurz's leaves and their antimicrobial activity. The compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and eluted with a n-hexane-ethyl acetate system (85 : 15). The isolated compounds were purified by recrystallization. The structure of purified compounds were established using spectroscopy data (IR, UV Vs, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS and X-ray diffraction). The study showed that the n-hexane extract afforded four new xanthone derivatives 8-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetramethoxy-3',3'-dimethylchro menoxanthone (Gd-0), 1,4,5,6 tetramethoxy-3',3'-dimethylchromeno xanthone (Gd-I ), 1 -hyd roxy-5, 6 , 8-trimethoxy-3',3'-dimethylehromeno xanthone (Gd-2a), 1-hydroxy-4,5,6,8-tetramethoxy-3',3'-dimethylchromeno xanthone (Gd 2b) . The antimicrobial activity test showed that the Gd-1 and Gd-2 compounds (Gd-2a and Gd-2b mixture) had effect on Staphylococcus aureus.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyelidiki kandungan alkaloida dari kulit batang Actinodaphne pruinosa Nees, A. sphaerocarpa (Bl) Nees dan daun Cryptocarya ferrea BI serta uji bioaktivitas terhadap Plasmodium falciparum, Artemia salina Leach dan sel murine P-388. Alkaloida diekstraksi menggunakan metode asam basa. lsolasi alkaloida dilakukan dengan cara kromatograti kolom menggunakan silika gel sebagai fasa diam dan campuran diklorometana dan metanol sebagai larutan pengelusi. Struktur molekul dari alkaloida yang diisolasi ditentukan dengan menggunakan data spektroskopi UV, FTIR, ?H NMR, 13C NMR dan MS. Lima alkaloida baru; (+)-(R)-N-(2- hidroksipropil)-lindcarpin (pruinosin A), (+)-(S)-N-(2-hidroksipropil)-lindcarpin (pruinosin B), (+)-(R)-N-(2-hidroksipropil)-laurolitsin (pruinosin C), (+)-(S)-N-(2-hidroksipropil)-Iaurolitsin (pruinosin D) dan (-)-N?-desmetil-grisabin, berhasil diisolasi dari kulit batang A. pruinosa bersama dengan tujuh alkaloida yang sudah dikenal, Iindcarpln, N-metillindcarpin, Iaurolitsin, boldin, (+)-thaligrisin, (-)-dauricin, (-)-0,0-dimetil-grisabin. Laurotetanin, N-metillaurotetanin, isoboldin, actinodaphnin, N-metilactinodaphnin, corydin dan norcorydin diisolasi dari kulit batang A. sphaerocarpa serta dua alkaloida Iainnya nordicentrin dan dicentrinon diisolasi dari daun Cryptocalya ferrea. Ekstrak alkaloida dari kulit batang A. pruinosa dan A. sphaerocarpa aktif terhadap larva udang Artemia salina dengan nilai LC50 berturut-turut 106,5 μg/ml. dan 126.7 μg/mL. Ekstrak alkaloida kulit batang A. pruinosa dan sényawa hasil isolasinya; pruinosin A, aktif terhadap sel murine P-388 dengan IC50 berturut- turut 5.1 dan 3,9 μg/mL, sedangkan ekstrak alkaloida A. shaerocarpa, pruinosin B, C, D, dan lindcarpin serta (-)-0,0-dimetil-grisabin tidak aktif dengan IC50 berturut-turut 34,2, 24,0, 38,0, 52,0, 18,0, dan 10,0 μg/ mL. Aktivitas terhadap P. falciparum dijumpai pada ekstrak alkaloida A. shaerocafpa dengan nilai |650 2,5 x 10° |1gImL. namun ekstrak alkaloida A. pruinosa tidak memperlihatkan aktivitas tarhadap P. falciparum.

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This work was carried out to investigate alkaloid constituents from the stem bark of Actinodaphne pruinosa Nees, A. sphaerocarpa (BI) Nees , the leaves of Cryptocarya fenea Bl, and their bioactivities against Plasmodium falciparum, Artemia salina Leach and murine cells P-388. The alkaloids were extracted by acid-base methods and isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and eluted with a mixture of CH2Cl2-methanol as a solvent system. The structure of alkaloids were established using spectroscopy data: UV, FTlR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. Five new alkaloids, (+)-(R)-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-lindcarpine (pruinosine A), (+)-(S)-N-(2-hydroxypropyI)-Iindcarpine (pruinosine B), (+)-(R)-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-laurolitsine (pruinosine C), (+)-(S)-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-laurolitsine (pruinosine D) and (-)-N?-desmethyl-grisabine were isolated from the stem bark of A. pruinosa together with seven known alkaloids, lindcarpine, N-methyllindcarpine, laurolitsine, boldine, (+)-thaligrisine, (-)-dauricine, and (-)-0,0-dimethyl-grisabine. Seven known alkaloids, laurotetanine, N-metillaurotetanine, isoboldine, actinodaphnine, N-methylactinodaphnine, corydine and norcorydine, were isolated from the stem bark of A. sphaenocarpa (Bl) Nees, and two another known alkaloids, nordicentrine and dicentrinone, were isolated from Cryptocarya ferrea. The crude alkaloid extract of A. pruinosa and A. sphaerocarpa were active against Artemia salina with LCM 106.5 and 126.7 pg/mL respectively. The crude alkalcid extract of A. pruinosa and pniinosine A were active against murine cells P-388 with lC50 5.1 and 3.9 pg/mL respectively. The crude alkalold extract of A. sphaemcarpa, pruinosine B, C, D, lindcarpine, and (-)-0,0-dimethyl-grisabine are inactive against murine cells P-388 with lC5° 34.2, 24.0, 38.0, 52.0, 16.0, and 10.0 μg/mL respectively. The activity against P. faiciparum was showed by the crude alkaloid extract of A. sphaerocarpa with IC50 2.5 x 10-5 μg/mL, but no effect was showed by crude alkaloid extract of A. pruinosa.

Abstrak :
Dewasa mi gentamisin masih inerupakan obat yang penting untuk mengatasi infeksi berat kuman gram negatif; Karena batas keamanan gentamisin sempit maka hal ml merupkrn masalah dalam penggunaannya. Telah dilakukan pengukuran kadar gentamisin dalam serum dari 16 orang penderita pasca bedah di Bagian Kebidanan 115CM. Setiap penderita disuntikkan 80 mg gen,tamisin secara intramuskuler setiap 12 jam,selama 5 hari.pengambilam--.saxpel'.'dila kukan pada saat sebeluzn d.isuntikkan,3- jam,1 jam, 13- jam,3jam., 8 jam, 12 jam seteiah pemberian dan sesaat sebelum diberikan dosis Penentuan kadar gentamisin dalam serum dilakukan dengan cara difusi agar menurut Sabath 1930 (26) ,yang telah fikasi. Basil pengukuran yang diperoleb kemudian dicari kadar puncak dan dihiung waktu paruh gentamisin dalam serum, Dari penelitian ini didapatkan kadar puncak yang bervariasiantara 2,6 santpai 9,3 mcg/ml, ditemukan kadar subtera- peutik pada 2 penderita, waktu paruh rata-rata 2,4 jam dengan variasi antara 1 1,6 sampai Li.,6 jam. Dengan cara dan dosis yang lazim digunakan saat mi di. Bagian Kebidanan RSCM tidak ada kecenderungan terjadi toksisitas a k i b a t kumulasi, tetapi pada sebagian penderita tampaknya kadar terapeutik tidak ter capai. ......Gentaniicin is still an important drug to overcome serious infections due to gram-negative pathogens.The narrow mar gin of safety of this drug raises proble!n in its therapeutic uses. Serum levels of gentanilcin were determined from 16 post operativepatients in the Gynaecological Department of RSCM Each patient was given intramuscular injection of 80 mg of gentainicin every 12 hours for five days.Blood sampling was done at the moment before injection and half, one, one and a half, three, eight, twelve hours after administration and at the moment before the last dose was given. Gentaniicin level in the serum was determined using modi fied agar diffusion assay according to Sabath 1980 (26). From the result of the measurement the peak level was detected and calculation of half-life inerum was done. Peak level between 2,6 and 9,3 mc/m1 were obtained from this studies in which two-patients.--showed subtherapeutic levels.The mean of half-life was 2,4 hours ; range between 1,6 and 4,6 hours. It is concluded that this dose regimen does not likely to cause accumulation of drug. It may otherwise gives subtherapeut.ic levels.