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"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 1-6Oral candidiasis, the most common opponunistic oral fungal infection in human is mainly caused by Candida albicans. Predisposing factors in this disease include immunosuppression, medications, malignancies, endocrine disorders, nutritional deficiencies, high-carbohydrate diet, salivary changes, dental prostheses, smoking and poor oral hygiene. We repod a case of oral candidiasis with severe iron deficiency anemia as an underlying factor in a 40 years old male patient, based on the history, clinical findings and fungal examinations. Case management included prescribing anti-fungal agent, identification and conection of predisposing factors and elimination of oral fungal reservoir. The oral lesions were reduced with improving systemic condition. We concluded that comprehensive management is required to achieve an optimal improvement in this case."

"Kelainan regio orofasial pada GGT pasien gagal ginjal terminal (GGT) yang menjalani hemodialisis. Beberapa kelaian orofasial pada pasien gagal ginjal terminal yang menjalani hemodialisis telah dilaporkan. Namun, sampai saat ini, terutama di Indonesia, data yang ada tentang hal tersebut masih sangat terbatas.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelainan orofasial pada pasien GGT yang menjalani hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Indonesia.Metode: Desain penelitian adalah studi observasi potong lintang. Subjek penelitian dipilih berdasarkan metode consecutive sampling. Sebanyak 93 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi merupakan subjek penelitian ini. Subjek berpartisipasi dalam wawancara menggunakan kuesioner yang menanyakan tentang adanya keluhan subjektif, pemeriksaan klinis dan pengukuran saliva.Hasil: Serostomia (82,8%), dysgeusia (66,7%), rasa metal (57%), rasa baal perioral (24,7%) merupakan gejala yang sering ditemukan. Temuan klinis meliputi tongue coating (100%), deposit kalkulus (97,8%), mukosa mulut yang pucat (94,6%), sialosis (75,3%), bau uremik (40,9%), bercak hemoragik (39,8%), angular keilitis (37,7%), perdarahan gingival (15,1%), dan kandidiasis oral (3,2%). Perubahan saliva terkait peningkatan viskositas (86%), pH (80,6%), kapasitas dapar (76,3%). Selanjutnya terjadi pengurangan tingkat hidrasi mukosa (79,6%) dan laju alir saliva tanpa stimulasi (22,6%) dan dengan stimulasi (31,2%).Simpulan: Temuan kelaianan orofasial pada penelitian ini membutuhkan perhatian dan penanganan yang menyeluruh untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien dengan gagal ginjal terminal GGT.

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Several orofacial disorders in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis have been reported. However, up to the present, particularly in Indonesia, such data still limited.

Objective: the purpose of this study was to assess the orofacial disorders in patients with ESDR undergoing hemodialysis at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia.

Methods: The study was conducted through observation using a cross-sectional design. The subjects were selected by consecutive sampling. Ninety-three patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and enrolled in this study. They participated in the structural interview-using questionnaire assessing subjective complaints; clinical examinations; and salivary measurements.

Results: Xerostomia (82.8%) dysgeusia (66.7%), metal taste (57%), perioral anesthesia (24.7%) were the common symptoms. Clinical findings consisted of tongue coating (100%), calculus deposits (97.8%), pallor of oral mucous (94.6%), sialosis (75.3%), uremic odor (40,9%), haemorrhagic spot (39.8%), angular cheilitis (37.7%), gingival bleeding (15.1%), and oral candidiasis (3.2%) were also found. Salivary changes showed the increase of salivary viscosity (86%), pH (80.6%), buffer capacity (76.3%) whereas decrease of mucous hydration level (79.6%) and the flow rates of unstimulated (22.6%) and stimulated (31.2%) whole saliva were observed.

Conclusion:

The findings of orofacial disorders required attention and further comprehensive management to enhance the quality of life of patients with ESDR."