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"Entrepreneurs who start out with no network, no money, no market and scarce resources find a big contrast between what they read in books and the success stories from the Valley and their reality, specially first-timers. Most entrepreneurial books focus on the Business Canvas Model, simplifying the process of building a start-up. Many entrepreneurs who have no previous business experience embrace quick and lean methods without the foundations needed to build solid value proposals.This book stands out because it deals with entrepreneurship in environments far removed from large cities with fewer infrastructures, connections and resources but which also need companies that provide services to citizens and society. This book focuses on the basics, treating each part of the business canvas as a discipline itself that must be mastered. The book illustrates key lessons learned and offers guidance on essential topics for new venture success in mainstream markets. It expands critical lessons learned and points of guidance across several key topics for new venture creation. Noteworthy is the role of context, financial understanding, building business development skills and start-up communications.Entrepreneurship for Rural Start-ups will be of interest to students, academics and researchers in the field of entrepreneurship, and will be of use to individuals looking to start a local business to take advantage of the rural environment and the possibilities it offers."

"Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) is one of the important crop species in Indonesia, since over 80% of patchouli oil global market is produced in Indonesia. Pacthouli oil is the key ingredients for fragrance and aromatherapy products. Patchouli oil is extracted from the stems and leaves of pathouli plants. Therefore, it is important to improve Patchouli plant productivity and increase resources for sustainable patchouli cultivation. The suitability of abiotic factors in the growing environment of crops remarkably determines the success of crop production. This study aimed to assess and evaluate land suitability for plant growth and development of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) in Dilem Wilis, Bendungan District, Trenggalek Regency, Indonesia. Initially, a survey was conducted and then an analysis was done to classify the land suitability for crops cultivation. The research was conducted on 3 locations from May to July 2017 for land suitability and from July to November 2017 for Patchouli crops cultivation experiment. The results indicated that Location 1 had a land suitability of N class, implying that this location was not suitable due to its limiting factor of low IGO content (0.08 me/100 g). Meanwhile, both Location 2 and Location 3 showed similar land suitability class of S3s, tc, f, n signifying as less appropriate. The results of this study also indicated the influence of land suitability classes on plant growth however, the different classification (in this case S3 compared to N) did not demonstrate a correlation between land classes and oil yield and Patchouli alcohol, where the element Potassium was the limiting factor"

"Menurut badan kesehatan dunia World Health Organization (WHO) pada tahun 2015, sebanyak 70% penyebab kematian pada penyakit jantung disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung koroner (PJK). Tercatat 17,5 juta kematian atau setara dengan 30,0 % dari total kematian di dunia disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung koroner (WHO, 2017). Penyakit jantung koroner merupakan gangguan fungsi jantung yang disebabkan adanya plaque yang menumpuk di dalam pembuluh darah arteri sehingga mengganggu supply oksigen ke jantung. Hal ini menyebabkan aliran darah ke otot jantung menjadi berkurang dan terjadi defisiensi oksigen. Pada keadaan yang lebih serius dapat mengakibatkan serangan jantung. Faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner diantaranya adalah Usia, Jenis Kelamin, Hipertensi, Kolesterol, Riwayat Keluarga dan sebagainya. Jika kemungkinan seseorang untuk menderita penyakit jantung koroner dapat diprediksi sejak awal berdasarkan faktor risiko yang ada, maka tingkat kematian akibat penyakit jantung koroner dapat ditekan menjadi lebih rendah.Tesis ini mengusulkan Model Regresi Logistik Fuzzy untuk memprediksi kemungkinan seseorang untuk menderita penyakit jantung koroner. Tahap pertama dari penelitian ini adalah membangun model prediksi, kemudian mengestimasi nilai parameter dengan menggunakan metode least square. Selanjutnya pada tahap ketiga mengaplikasikan model yang didapatkan untuk memprediksi penyakit jantung koroner. Setelah itu melakukan uji kelayakan atau kesesuaian model dengan metode Mean Degree of Membership dan yang terakhir menghitung akurasi prediksi dengan menggunakan Confusion Matrix.

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015, as many as 70% of the causes of death in heart disease were caused by coronary heart disease (CHD). It was recorded that 17.5 million deaths or the equivalent of 30.0% of the world's total deaths were caused by coronary heart disease (WHO, 2017). Coronary heart disease is a disorder of heart function caused by plaque that builds up in the arteries so it interferes with oxygen supply to the heart. This causes blood flow to be reduced and oxygen deficiency occurs. In more serious situations it can prevent heart attacks. Risk factors for coronary heart disease are Age, Gender, Hypertension, Cholesterol, Family History and so on. If there is someone who is a victim of coronary heart disease can be predicted from the beginning, then there is likely to arise more.

This thesis proposes a Fuzzy Logistic Regression Model to predict the possibility of a person suffering from coronary heart disease. The first stage of this research is to build a predictive model, then estimate the parameter values using the least square method. Furthermore, in the third stage, apply a model to predict coronary heart disease. After that, test the feasibility or suitability of the model with the Mean Degree of Membership method and finally calculate the prediction accuracy using the Confusion Matrix."

"Tuberkulosis (TB) disebabkan oleh infeksi kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis merupakan satu dari sepuluh penyebab kematian tertinggi di dunia yang dapat dicegah melalui vaksinasi. Vaksin BCG sebagai satu-satunya vaksin TB, memiliki beberapa kekurangan, diantaranya tingkat proteksi yang tidak merata di populasi orang dewasa dan kekhawatiran aplikasinya pada populasi imunokompromais, hal ini mendorong dikembangkannya vaksin TB alternatif. PE11 merupakan protein yang bertanggung jawab dalam rekonstruksi komponen lipid dinding sel M. tuberculosis dan berdasarkan analisis in-siliko diketahui memiliki domain pengenalan terhadap antibodi dan MHC-II. Dalam studi ini, gen pe11 dari M. tuberculosis strain Beijing diinsersikan ke dalam plasmid pcDNA3.1, pcDNA3.1-pe11, yang kemudian diuji kemampuannya dalam menginduksi respon imun humoral dan mediator seluler pada mencit Balb/c sebagai bentuk DNA vaksin. Berdasarkan uji western blot, respon imun humoral berupa IgG spesifik terhadap protein rekombinan PE11-His berhasil dikonfirmasi. Selain itu, mediator imun seluler dari splenosit mencit pasca vaksinasi dan pajanan antigen secara in-vitro menunjukkan adanya peningkatan produksi IL-12, IFN-γ dan IL-4 dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, namun tidak terhadap sitokin IL-10.

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Tuberculosis (TB) caused by infection bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of ten causes of death in the world that can be prevented through vaccination. The BCG vaccine, as the only TB vaccine, has several drawbacks, including an uneven level of protection in adult population and risk application in immunocompromised population, this has led to the development of an alternative TB vaccine. PE11 is a protein that is responsible for the reconstruction of the lipid component of the cell wall of M. tuberculosis and based on in-silico analysis is known to have the recognition domain for antibodies and MHC-II. In this study, the pe11 gene from the Beijing strain of M. tuberculosis was inserted into the plasmid pcDNA3.1, pcDNA3.1-pe11, then tested for its ability to induce humoral immune responses and cellular mediators in Balb/c mice as a form of vaccine DNA. Based on the western blot test, the specific IgG humoral immune response to the recombinant protein PE11-His was confirmed. In addition, cellular immune mediators from post-vaccination mice splenocytes and in-vitro antigen exposure showed increased production of IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-4 compared to the control group, but not to the IL-10 cytokine."

"despite arguments that decentralization creates successful rural development, studies in many countries find that the adoption of decentralization does not always make rural development more effective. while decentralization theoretically offers substantial opportunities for successful rural development, all too often the implementation is hampered by various challenges. this paper deals with this challenging issue, which is to identify the potentialities and challenges brought by decentralization for rural development. through literature review, this paper suggest countries applying decentralization to pay attention on several main factors consisting of formulation of local budget, social capital, local capacity, and community participation."

"Filter optik add/drop merupakan komponen yang penting dalam sistem wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Microring resonator merupakan struktur fotonika yang umum digunakan untuk aplikasi filter add/drop. Popularitas microring resonator sebagai filter add/drop didasari karakteristiknya yang mampu menghasilkan Q-factor tinggi dalam dimensi yang kecil serta selektivitas panjang gelombang yang tinggi. Di sisi lain galium nitrida (GaN) adalah semikonduktor yang memiliki karakteristik yang menjanjikan untuk aplikasi divais optolektronika berkecepatan tinggi dan pada kondisi lingkungan ekstrim.Pada tesis ini dilakukan desain filter optik add/drop berbasis struktur microring resonator menggunakan material GaN. Filter ini dirancang untuk beroperasi pada rentang panjang gelombang C-band (1530 - 1565 nm), khususnya pada panjang gelombang 1550 nm. Struktur filter ini terdiri dari pandu gelombang berbentuk racetrack yang terkopel ke dua pandu gelombang bus. Proses optimasi desain dilakukan dengan metode finite difference time domain (FDTD) menggunakan perangkat lunak Lumerical MODE. Parameter yang dioptimalisasikan meliputi dimensi pandu gelombang, celah udara, panjang coupler, dan panjang rongga resonansi.Hasil optimalisasi menunjukkan bahwa dimensi pandu gelombang yang optimal untuk aplikasi filter microring resonator adalah . Selanjutnya, hasil simulasi filter menunjukkan bahwa parameter microring resonator yang optimal adalah: lebar celah udara 100 nm; panjang coupler ; dan panjang rongga resonansi . Struktur ini memiliki FSR sebesar 25,3 nm; FWHM sebesar 0,2 nm (25 GHz); on-off ratio sebesar 35 dB; serta transmisi resonansi pada through port dan drop port berturut-turut sebesar -16 dB dan -1,4 dB dengan panjang gelombang resonansi 1550 nm.Di samping itu untuk menghasilkan flatness (kedataran) pada pass-band dilakukan juga simulasi dan analisa struktur double microring resonator dengan parameter optimal yang didapatkan dari simulasi sebelumnya. Jarak antara microring divariasikan untuk mencari nilai optimal. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa dengan jarak antara microring sebesar 275 nm, didapatkan spektrum transmisi drop port yang lebih datar dibandingkan struktur single microring pada rentang panjang gelombang 1550,4 -1550,8 nm dengan nilai transmisi resonansi sebesar -4 dB

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An optical add/drop filter is a crucial component for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. A Microring resonator is a photonics structure that is widely used as an add/drop filter. The popularity of microring resonators as an add/drop filter is due to their ability to achieve a high Q-factor with small footprints and wavelength selectivity. On the other hand, gallium nitride (GaN) have favorable characteristics for application in extreme conditions and high-speed optoelectronic devices.

In this thesis, the design of an optical add/drop filter based on a microring resonator with GaN material was conducted. This filter is designed to operate within the C-band (1530 – 1565 nm) wavelength range, especially at 1550 nm. The filter structure consists of a racetrack-shaped waveguide coupled into two bus waveguides. The optimization process was conducted by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method using Lumerical MODE software. The parameters that were optimized include waveguide dimensions, air gap, coupler length, and cavity length.

The optimization results showed that the optimum waveguide dimensions are . Next, the simulation results showed that the optimum microring resonator parameters are: an air gap of 100 nm; coupler length of ; and cavity length of . This structure has an FSR of 25.3 nm; FWHM of 0.2 nm (25 GHz); an on-off ratio of 35 dB; and a through port and a drop port resonance transmission of -16 dB and -1.4 dB with a resonant wavelength of 1550 nm.

Aside from that, in order to achieve flatness on pass-band, simulation and analysis of double microring resonator structure were also conducted using the previously obtained optimum parameter. The distance between the two microrings was varied to find the optimum value. Simulation results showed that with a distance of 275 nm, a flatter drop port transmission spectrum than the single microring configuration within a 1550,4 nm – 1550,8 nm with a resonance transmission value of -4 dB was obtained"

"Williams FW42 adalah mobil balap Formula Satu yang dirancang oleh Paddy Lowe untuk tim ROKiT Williams Racing, untuk bersaing di Kejuaraan Dunia Formula Satu FIA 2019. Mobil tersebut memulai debutnya di Grand Prix Australia 2019, dikemudikan oleh Juara Formula 2 FIA 2018 George Russell yang melakukan debutnya di Formula Satu; dan Robert Kubica, dengan desain mobil yang mengalami banyak kemunduran, studi sayap depan dan hubungannya dengan gaya traksi dapat dilihat dengan menerapkan dinamika fluida komputasi dan menggunakan beberapa rumus. Dengan CFD, pengujian dilakukan menggunakan model CAD skala penuh dari mobil yang dibuat di Solidwork, disambungkan ke 7 juta sel menggunakan STAR CCM. Sementara simulasinya sendiri menggunakan pemecah model turbulensi K-Ɛ untuk menemukan nilai lift dan drag. Performa mobil diperkirakan menggunakan rekaman video telemetri, dari mana rasio roda gigi dan torsi yang tersedia diperoleh. Mobil ini dimodelkan untuk berjalan di Autodromo Jose Carlos Pace. Sirkuit yang terletak di Brasil. Terakhir, dari studi tersebut, terlihat bahwa sayap depan memberikan kontribusi sebesar 19,5% dari total downforce yang dihasilkan, 20,7% peningkatan kecepatan sudut pembatas, dan 12% dari gaya drag. Semua ini menghasilkan waktu lap lebih cepat setidaknya 3,756 detik untuk mobil yang dilengkapi sayap depan.

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The Williams FW42 is a Formula One racing car designed by Paddy Lowe for the ROKiT Williams Racing team, to compete in the 2019 FIA Formula One World Championship. The car made its debut at the 2019 Australian Grand Prix, driven by 2018 FIA Formula 2 Champion George Russell who made his Formula One début; and Robert Kubica, with the design of the car set to many setbacks, the study of Front wing and its relation to traction force can be seen by implementing computational fluid dynamics and using some formula. With CFD, testing was conducted using a full scale CAD model of the car created in Solidwork, meshed to 7 million cells using STAR CCM. While The simulation itself is using K-Ɛ turbulence model solver to find the lift and drag values. The car’s performance was approximated using telemetry video footage, from which gear ratios and available torque was derived. The car is modeled to run on the Autodromo Jose Carlos Pace. A circuit located in Brazil. Finally,from the study, it can be seen that the front wing contributes to 19.5% of the total downforce generated, 20.7% increase in limiting corner velocity, and 12% of the drag force. All of this results in at least 3.756 seconds faster lap times for the car equipped with the front wing.

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"Penelitian tentang pengaruh penambahan cover flux berbahan utama garam lokal terhadap porositas dan sifat mekanik pada peleburan paduan aluminium AC3A telah terlaksana dengan baik. Pada penelitian ini pembuatan fluks dengan memanfaatkan garam yang berasal dari dalam negeri dengan bahan – bahan pendukung lainnya yaitu natrium sulfat, natrium nitrat, dan natrium silikofluorida. Tahapan pembuatan cover flux meliputi pengayakan, pencampuran, pemanasan, pengeringan, dan pengayakan kedua. Karakterisasi SEM, EDS, DSC, Pengujian Berat Jenis, dan XRD dilakukan pada sampel cover flux yang sudah dibuat menunjukan proses dan produk yang dihasilkan menunjukan reaksi yang efektif dan dapat diaplikasikan pada peleburan aluminium. Kemudian sampel cover flux yang sudah dibuat ditambahkan dalam peleburan aluminium AC3A, setelah itu dilakukan karakterisasi hasil peleburannya. Karakterisasi OES menunjukan tipe aluminium yang digunakan untuk penelitian adalah Aluminium AC3A. Setelah itu dilakukan pengujian fluiditas dengan mesin PoDFA yang menunjukan bahwa fluiditas aluminium cair setelah ditambahkan cover flux menunjukan hasil yang lebih baik. Pengujian porositas dilakukan dengan OSTEK Porosity Tester menunjukan setelah penambahan persentase porositas pada hasil peleburan menurun. Pengujian tarik dan impak yang dilakukan menunjukan produk peleburan aluminium setelah ditambahkan cover flux memiliki sifat mekanik yang lebih baik dibanding yang tidak ditambahkan.

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Research on the effect of adding a cover flux made from local salt to the porosity and mechanical properties of the AC3A aluminum alloy smelting has been carried out well. In this study, flux was made by utilizing domestically sourced salt with other supporting materials, such as sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, and sodium silicon fluoride. The stages of making cover flux include sieving, mixing, heating, drying, and second sieving. Characterization of SEM, EDS, DSC, Specific Gravity Testing, and XRD were carried out on the cover flux samples that had been made, showing the processes and products that produced an effective reaction and could be applied to aluminum casting. Then the cover flux sample that has been added to the AC3A aluminum casting, after that characterization of the smelting results is carried out. OES characterization shows the type of aluminum used for research is Aluminum AC3A. After that, testing the fluidity with the PoDFA machine, it shows that the fluidity of aluminum after adding cover flux shows better results. Porosity testing was carried out with the OSTEK Porosity Tester, which showed a decrease of porosity percentage in the AC3A casting results. Tensile and impact tests showed that the aluminum product after the addition of cover flux had better mechanical properties than those that were not added."

"Koperasi, sebuah badan hukum dan badan usaha yang beranggotakan orang perseorangan atau beberapa koperasi yang melandaskan kegiatan ekonomi berdasarkan prinsip koperasi dan azas kekeluargaan. Terdapat beberapa jenis kegiatan usaha koperasi, salah satunya adalah kegiatan usaha simpan pinjam. Sebagai badan usaha, koperasi memiliki tujuan untuk memajukan kesejahteraan anggota pada khususnya dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Koperasi simpan pinjam memiliki kegiatan usaha untuk menghimpun dana dari anggotanya dan menyalurkan dana yang telah dihimpun tersebut kepada para anggotanya. Dalam kegiatan usaha simpan pinjam, tidak semua koperasi menjalankan kegiatan tersebut sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Contoh koperasi simpan pinjam yang melakukan penyimpangan kegiatan usaha simpan pinjam adalah Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Pandawa Mandiri Group pada tahun 2016 lalu. Kasus Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Pandawa Mandiri Group merupakan penyalahgunaan izin koperasi simpan pinjam, selain itu masyarakat yang melakukan investasi di tersebut menuntut pengembalian dana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif yaitu dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder yang memuat norma hukum tertulis, didukung dengan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Depok nomor 428/Pid.Sus/2017.PN.Dpk. yang telah final atau berkekuatan hukum tetap. Hasil penelitian skripsi ini, bahwa koperasi simpan pinjam Pandawa Mandiri Group tidak melaksanakan beberapa kewajiban yang diatur dalam Undang-undang Koperasi, termasuk rapat anggota dan tidak ada pengawasan, padahal pengurus koperasi mengetahui adanya kegitatan penghimpunan dana yang dilakukan oleh Salman Nuryanto selaku ketua koperasi. Berdasarkan putusan pengadilan, koperasi simpan pinjam Pandawa Mandiri Group dinyatakan bersalah karena tidak menjalankan fungsi organisasi pada koperasi dan dalam menjalankan kegiatan usahanya tidak sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan.

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Cooperative, a legal entity and business entity consisting of individuals or several cooperatives that base economic activities based on cooperative principles and the principle of kinship. There are several types of cooperative business activities, one of which is savings and loan business activities. As a business entity, cooperatives have a goal to advance the welfare of members in particular and society in general. Savings and loan cooperatives have business activities to collect funds from their members and distribute the funds that have been collected to their members. In savings and loan business activities, not all cooperatives carry out these activities in accordance with statutory regulations. An example of a savings and loan cooperative that deviates from its savings and loan business activities is the Pandawa Mandiri Group Savings and Loan Cooperative in 2016. The case of the Pandawa Mandiri Group Savings and Loans Cooperative is an abuse of the license of the savings and loan cooperative, besides that the people who invest in it demand a refund. This study uses a juridical-normative research method, namely by examining library materials or secondary data containing written legal norms, supported by the Depok District Court Decision number 428/Pid.Sus/2017.PN.Dpk. which have been final or have permanent legal force. The results of this thesis research, that the Pandawa Mandiri Group savings and loan cooperatives do not carry out several obligations stipulated in the Cooperative Law, including member meetings and there is no supervision, even though the cooperative management is aware of the fundraising activities carried out by Salman Nuryanto as the chairman of the cooperative. Based on the court's decision, the Pandawa Mandiri Group savings and loan cooperative was found guilty for not carrying out the organizational function of the cooperative and in carrying out its business activities not in accordance with the laws and regulations."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kelemahan sistem pengendalian internal atas siklus penggajian, serta menganalisis perbaikan yang harus dilakukan pada sistem tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dengan single unit analysis. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa standar operasional prosedur, peraturan terkait, dan dokumen internal instansi. Teknik analisis penelitian ini adalah studi literatur dimana analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan COSO framework yang telah disesuaikan dengan lingkungan sektor publik di Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kelemahan pada komponen aktivitas pengendalian yaitu masih standar operasional prosedur yang masih belum memadai, pengotorisasian dokumen yang belum memadai, serta pencatatan data yang tidak akurat. Berdasarkan adanya kelemahan tersebut, diharapkan agar Direktorat Jenderal Kerja Sama Multilateral dapat melakukan perbaikan atas sistem pengendalian internal dengan cara yaitu, menyusun standar operasional prosedur untuk setiap kegiatan, melakukan validasi data sebelum otorisasi dilakukan dan mencatat setiap data secara tepat waktu.

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The aim of this research is to analyze the weaknesses of the internal control system in the payroll cycle and to analyze the improvement that to be made. This research using a case study approach with a single unit analysis. The data used in this research are secondary data such as standard operating procedures, regulations and internal document. The analysis technique of this research is a literature study where the data analysis is carried out using the COSO framework which has been adopted to the public sector environment in Indonesia. The result of this study indicates that there are weaknesses in the control activity components, such as inadequate standard operating procedures, inadequate document authorization and inaccurate data recording. Based on that, it is expected that the Directorate General for Multilateral Cooperation Affairs can make improvements to the internal control system in ways such as to design standard operational procedure for each activity, data validation prior to authorization and record data in a timely manner."