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Abstrak :
Nowadays, many children in developing countries are suffering from micro nutrient deficiencies (Lartey et at., 2000b; Zhao et al., 1998; van Stuijvenberg et al, 1999; Sempertegui et at, 1995). And the most prevalent ones are VAD (Vitamin A Deficiency), IDA (Iron Deficiency Anemia), IDD (Iodine Deficiency Disorder), and lately is zinc deficiency (Sandstead, 1991). The causes of micro nutrient deficiencies are varied and include inadequate dietary intakes (Robert et al, 2000), repeated infections (Khanum et al, 1998) and poor bioavailability from foods due to the presence of inhibitors or inadequate intake of dietary enhancers (Berdanier, 1998; Lunnerdal, 2000; de Pee et al, 1998; Donnen et al, 1996; Lartey et al, 2000a). Due to the roles of micronutrients in metabolic process, immune competence and taste acuity (Golden, 1995), previous findings showed that micronutrient deficiencies might impaired growth (Allen, 1994b; Rosado, 1999; Krieger et al, 1986; Simondon et al, 1996; Hambidge, 2000; Golden & Golden, 1981) and immune system (Black, 1998; Khanum et al, 1998; Semba et al, 1993). The reversibility of impairments caused by micronutrient deficiencies depends on the severity, duration, and stage of development. In some cases, micronutrient supplementation can correct the impairment right after a certain period of supplementation. Ninh et al (1996) stated that zinc deficiency among nutritionally deprived children may limit growth because the growth stimulating effects of zinc might be mediated through changes in circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF). And after 5 months supplementation with daily-10 mg zinc, weight and height of growth-retarded children in supplemented group significantly increased compared to those of placebo group. In Uganda, zinc supplementation had a short-term effect (within 3 months) on weight gain and MUAC increment only among children from the school with the highest socioeconomic status (Kikafunda et al, 1998). Clinical vitamin A deficiency has been associated with poor child growth (Tarwotjo et al, 1992). Study in Zaire among moderately malnourished preschoolers found that high dose vitamin A supplementation (60 mg of oily solution of retinal palmitate, 30 mg if aged <12 months) increased MUAC and weight significantly compared to control group although without deforming at baseline (Donnen et al, 1998). In Indonesia, the intervention using vitamin A-monosodium glutamate did not merely result on increment of serum vitamin A level, but it also increased the linear growth of supplemented children compared to children in control group at every age (Muhilal et al, 1988). Similar with zinc and vitamin A, iron deficiency may also lead to slowing of growth in regarding to the increment of iron demands during periods of rapid growth and the adverse effects of morbidity.

Abstrak :
Suatu intervensi edukasi bagi kader Posyandu di kotamadya Bekasi yang diberikan dua tahun lalu terbukti meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi kader tentang Pemberian Makan Pendamping ASI yang aman. Karena itu sangat menarik untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan praktek pengasuh pada pemberian makan bayi dan anak usia 0-23 bulan di daerah tersebut. i. Penelitian potong lintang telah dilakukan di dua kelurahan di kotamadya Bekasi. Data mengenai pengetahuan dan praktek pemberian makan bayi dan anak dikumpulkan dari 636 pengasuh dan anak usia 0-23 bulan. Penelitian ini menemukan di Bekasi terdapat 76.9% pengasuh yang memiliki pengetahuan yang benar dan 32% memiliki praktik pemberian makan bayi dan anak yang baik. Level pendidikan ayah, ibu dan pengasuh non-ibu, serta status pekerjaan ibu terbukti berhubungan dengan pengetahuan pengasuh yang benar. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap praktik pemberian makan bayi dan anak pada pengasuh adalah pengetahuan pengasuh dan usia anak. Informasi mengenai pemberian makan bayi dan anak sebaiknya diberikan secara teratur dan terus menerus serta tidak hanya membidik pengasuh tapi juga anggota keluarga lainnya. Pelatihan kepada kader Posyandu juga sebaiknya disesuaikan dengan rekomendasi WHO yang terbaru.

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The implementation of IYCF key actions and intervention in Indonesia was categorized in a poor situation. It is interesting to assess the knowledge and practices of caregivers on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) to children age 0-23 months in Bekasi municipality which couple years ago their posyandu cadres received education intervention and showed improvement on communication about safe complementary feeding competencies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in in selected areas/villages of Bekasi. Information on IYCF knowledge and practices were collected from 636 children age 0-23 months and caregivers. It was found that 76.9% caregivers had good IYCF knowledge and 32% had appropriate practices. Fathers, mothers, Non-Maternal Caregivers? education level and also employment status were associated with good knowledge. Message delivery on the IYCF recommendation should be given regularly, frequently and targeted not only to caregivers but also other influencing family member. There is also a need to ensure the cadres receive comprehensive training of the latest WHO recommendation.