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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) adalah autoantibodi terhadap berbagai antigen intranuklear seperti deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) dan lain-lain. Hasil pemeriksaan ANA dilaporkan dalam titer dan polanya. Pada saat ini sesuai anjuran manufacturer, interpretasi titer ANA menggunakan kit Mosaic HEp-20-10/Liver (Monkey) dari Euroimmun hanya berdasarkan pengenceran 1/100 dan 1/1000 dengan intensitas fluoresensi strong, moderate atau weak, dan dilaporkan hasil titer 1/100, 1/320, 1/1000 atau >1/1000. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan ANA dengan pengenceran 1/100, 1/320 dan 1/1000. Interpretasi pembacaan dinilai dengan (3 pengenceran) dan tanpa pengenceran 1/320 (2 pengenceran), kemudian dibandingkan kesesuaian antara keduanya. Terdapat lebih dari 35 pola ANA-IFA yang telah diidentifikasi, dengan sekitar 100 jenis kemungkinan autoantibodi. Pola tersebut dapat dijadikan langkah awal identifikasi jenis autoantibodi. Tersedia tes dengan kombinasi berbagai antigen yang dikenal sebagai profil ANA. Penelitian ini juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian pola ANA-IFA dengan profil ANA. Metodologi Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang, dilakukan di laboratorium imunologi RSCM selama Juni-Juli 2015. Subjek penelitian adalah serum yang dikirim ke laboratorium RSCM untuk pemeriksaan ANA dengan besar sampel 75 sampel. Data dilaporkan dalam bentuk deskriptif analitik. Data dari interpretasi 2 pengenceran (1/100 dan 1/1000) dengan 3 pengenceran (1/100, 1/320 dan 1/1000) dinilai kesesuaiannya dengan menggunakan uji statistik Kappa. Hasil Penelitian: Pola ANA-IFA tersering yang ditemukan adalah spekel kasar (35,2%), spekel halus (32,4%), nukleoli (13%), homogen (6,5%), sitoplasma granuler (6,5%), sentriol (3,7%), sentromer (0,9%), nuclear dots (0,9%) dan negatif (0,9%). Interpretasi yang sama antara 2 pengenceran dengan 3 pengenceran sebesar 80,6%. Pada perhitungan uji statistik kappa, didapatkan nilai kappa sebesar 0,67. Kesesuaian pola ANA-IFA dengan profil ANA adalah sebesar 20,8%. Kesimpulan: Nilai kappa sebesar 0,67 menunjukkan kesesuaian pada tingkat good. Walaupun demikian, kesalahan interpretasi titer ANA-IFA dengan menggunakan 2 pengenceran terjadi pada 19,4% kasus. Kesesuaian pola ANA-IFA dengan profil ANA sebesar 20,8%.

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ABSTRACT
Background: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are autoantibodies which react with various intranuclear antigens such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and others. Laboratory results of ANA were shown as titer and pattern. Nowadays, manufacturer recommend ANA interpretation using Mosaic HEp-20-10/Liver kit (Monkey) from Euroimmun with 1/100 and 1/1000 dilutions and strong, moderate or weak fluorescence intensity. The titer should reported as 1/100, 1/320, 1/1000 or >1/1000. In this research, the dilution used were 1/100, 1/320 and 1/1000. The data were interpreted from 3 dilutions and 2 dilutions (without 1/320 dilution), the conformity from two interpretations were compared. There are more than 35 ANA-IFA patterns identified, with about 100 autoantibodies possibility. Those patterns act as baseline identification of autoantibodies. The test using few antigen combinations known as ANA profile. The purpose of this study also to compare the conformity of ANA-IFA pattern and ANA profile. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research in immunology laboratory RSCM during June-July 2015. The subjects were serum sample for ANA test. The sample was 75. Data were shown as analytical descriptive data. The conformity of interpretation data from 3 dilutions and 2 dilutions were assessed using Kappa statistical analysis. Results: The ANA-IFA pattern shown were coarse speckled (35,2%), fine speckled (32,4%), nucleolar (13%), homogenous (6,5%), granular cytoplasm (6,5%), centriole (3,7%), centromere (0,9%), nuclear dots (0,9%) and negative (0,9%). The similar interpretation between 2 dilutions and 3 dilutions were 80,6%. Kappa statistical analysis showed Kappa score 0,67. The conformity between ANA-IFA pattern and ANA profile were 20,8%. Conclusion: Kappa score 0,67 showed the conformity in good level. Nevertheless, there are mistakes of ANA-IFA interpretation using 2 dilutions in 19,4% cases. The conformity of ANA-IFA pattern with ANA profile were 20,8%., Background: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are autoantibodies which react with various intranuclear antigens such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and others. Laboratory results of ANA were shown as titer and pattern. Nowadays, manufacturer recommend ANA interpretation using Mosaic HEp-20-10/Liver kit (Monkey) from Euroimmun with 1/100 and 1/1000 dilutions and strong, moderate or weak fluorescence intensity. The titer should reported as 1/100, 1/320, 1/1000 or >1/1000. In this research, the dilution used were 1/100, 1/320 and 1/1000. The data were interpreted from 3 dilutions and 2 dilutions (without 1/320 dilution), the conformity from two interpretations were compared. There are more than 35 ANA-IFA patterns identified, with about 100 autoantibodies possibility. Those patterns act as baseline identification of autoantibodies. The test using few antigen combinations known as ANA profile. The purpose of this study also to compare the conformity of ANA-IFA pattern and ANA profile. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research in immunology laboratory RSCM during June-July 2015. The subjects were serum sample for ANA test. The sample was 75. Data were shown as analytical descriptive data. The conformity of interpretation data from 3 dilutions and 2 dilutions were assessed using Kappa statistical analysis. Results: The ANA-IFA pattern shown were coarse speckled (35,2%), fine speckled (32,4%), nucleolar (13%), homogenous (6,5%), granular cytoplasm (6,5%), centriole (3,7%), centromere (0,9%), nuclear dots (0,9%) and negative (0,9%). The similar interpretation between 2 dilutions and 3 dilutions were 80,6%. Kappa statistical analysis showed Kappa score 0,67. The conformity between ANA-IFA pattern and ANA profile were 20,8%. Conclusion: Kappa score 0,67 showed the conformity in good level. Nevertheless, there are mistakes of ANA-IFA interpretation using 2 dilutions in 19,4% cases. The conformity of ANA-IFA pattern with ANA profile were 20,8%.]

Abstrak :
During the 1970s, hundreds of thousands across Western Europe protested against civil nuclear energy. Nowhere were they more visible than in France and Germany, two countries where environmentalism seems to have diverged greatly since. This book recovers the shared, transnational history of the early anti-nuclear movement, showing how low-level interactions among diverse activists led to far-reaching changes in both countries. Because nuclear energy was such a multivalent symbol, protest against it was simultaneously broad-based and highly fragmented. Concerned citizens in communities near planned facilities felt that nuclear technology represented an outside intervention that potentially threatened their health, material existence, and way of life. In the decade after 1968, their concerns coalesced with more overtly political criticisms of consumer society, the state, and militarism. Farmers, housewives, hippies, anarchists, and many more who defied simple categorization joined forces to oppose nuclear power, but the movement remained internally contradictory and outwardly unpredictable, not least with regard to violence at demonstrations. By analysing the transnational dimensions, diverse outcomes, and internal divisions of anti-nuclear protest, this book provides an encompassing and nuanced understanding of one of the largest new social movements in post-war Western Europe and situates it within a decade of upheaval and protest. Drawing extensively on oral history interviews as well as police, media, and activist sources, this book tells the story of the people behind protest, showing how individuals at the grassroots built up a movement that transcended national borders as well as political and social differences.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Skripsi ini membahas mengenai peran gerakan sosial anti-nuklir Jerman dalam mendorong lahirnya kebijakan energi terbarukan Jerman atau EEG tahun 2000. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode studi kasus serta teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi pustaka dan anasisis data sekunder. Dengan menggunakan teori gerakan sosial J. Craig Jenkins, ditemukan bahwa gerakan anti-nuklir Jerman berperan signifikan dalam mendorong lahirnya kebijakan EEG tahun 2000. Mobilisasi sumber, institusionalisasi gerakan sosial dan struktur peluang politik menjadi tiga faktor penting yang membuat gerakan anti-nuklir berperan signifikan dalam proses transisi kebijakan tersebut.

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ABSTRACT This thesis discusses the role of the German anti nuclear social movement in driving the emergence of the 2000 Germany rsquo s renewable energy policy or EEG. The study was conducted by case study method and data collection technique in the form of literature study and secondary data analysis. Using J. Craig Jenkins 39 s social movement theory, it was found that the German anti nuclear movement played a significant role in driving the emergence of the 2000 EEG policy. The mobilization of resources, institutionalization of social movements and the structure of political opportunity became three important factors that lead the German anti nuclear movement to play a significant role in the policy transition process.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini akan membahas tentang gerakan anti nuklir yang dilakukan masyarakat Jepang terkait penggunaan PLTN sebagai sumber energi Jepang setelah insiden Fukushima Daiichi. Penelitian akan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dengan dukungan data kuantitatif. Gerakan anti nuklir ada sejak 1954 dan semakin meluas setelah insiden Fukushima Daiichi pada 11 Maret 2011. Tuntutan inti gerakan anti nuklir yaitu dihentikannya penggunaan PLTN dan mengembangkan sumber energi lain karena nuklir dinilai berbahaya dan tidak aman. Tuntutan ini menjadi yang rumit karena penggoperasian PLTN terkait dengan kemanan energi Jepang, perekonomian Jepang (perdagangan ekspor impor) dan keamanan Negara terkait pengayaan uranium. Terlepas dari penolakan terhadap tenaga nuklir, ditemukan bahwa dukungan masyarakat terhadap pemerintahan yang pro nuklir tergolong tinggi karena adanya permasalah lain yang menjadi permasalah pokok Jepang dibandingkan isu tentang tenaga nuklir. Analisis dilakukan untuk menilai seberapa jauh peran gerakan anti nuklir dalam perumusan kebijakan energi Jepang pasca insiden Fukushima Daiichi.

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ABSTRACT
This thesis will discuss the anti nuclear movement by Japanese related to the use of nuclear power plants as an energy source in Japan after the Fukushima Daiichi incident. The study will use qualitative descriptive method, with the support of quantitative data. Anti-nuclear movement has been existence since 1954 and then widespread after the Fukushima Daiichi incident on March 11, 2011. The demands of anti-nuclear movement are Japan phase-out from nuclear power plants and developing other energy sources because nuclear is dangerous and unsafe. This demand to be something complicated because the use of nuclear power plants related to Japanese energy security, the Japanese economy (import- export trade) and national security-related uranium enrichment. Regardless of the rejection of nuclear power, it was found that public support for the pro-nuclear government is high because of the other problems that become the principal problems of Japan compared to the issue of nuclear power. The analysis was performed to assess how far the role of anti-nuclear movement in influencing the formulation of Japan's energy policy after the Fukushima Daiichi incident.