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"ABSTRAKFitosom merupakan suatu teknologi terbaru dalam formulasi obat herbal yang saat ini dikembangkan untuk memperbaiki absorpsi bahan aktif obat herbal yang lebih cepat. Fraksi etilasetat kering daun gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam) mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang memiliki khasiat sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas penyembuhan luka bakar gel ekstrak daun gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam) fraksi etilasetat kering tanpa dibuat menjadi fitosom dengan gel fitosom ekstrak daun gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam) fraksi etilasetat kering, dibandingkandengan Bioplacenton gel sebagai kontrol positif. Tiga formula gel fitosom dibuat dengan konsentrasi fitosom 2%, 3% dan 4%, yang mengandung fraksi etilasetat kering daun gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam) dan fosfatidilkolin soya 1:1, menggunakan metode hidrasi lapis tipis. Uji farmakologi dilakukan secara in vivo pada tikus. Perbedaan aktivitas dilihat dari presentase penyembuhan luka pada geltanpa dibuat fitosom (68,83%), fitosom 2% (99,20%), fitosom 3 (99,38%), fitosom 4% (99,91%), Bioplacenton gel (100%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa gel fitosom 4% memiliki aktivitas penyembuhan luka bakar derajat 2 yang hampir sama dengan Bioplacenton gel dan daya penyembuh lukanya lebih baik dari gel tanpa dibuat fitosom.

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ABSTRACTPhytosome is the advanced technology in herbal medicine formulation that has been developed to improve the absorption rate of herbal active ingredient. Dry aethylacetate fraction of Gaharu leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam) containing flavonoid which have antiinflammatory activity. This research aim is to determine the difference wound healing activity of non phytosome gel of dry aethylacetate fraction of Gaharu leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam) extract and phytosome gel of dry aethylacetat fraction of Gaharu leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam) extract, compared to Bioplacenton gel as positive control in healing the seconddegree burn. Three phytosome gel formulas were made by phytosome concentration of 2%, 3% and 4% containing dry aethylacetate fraction of Gaharu leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam) and soy phosphatidylcholine 1:1, by thin layer hydration method. In vivo pharmacological experiment was done in rat. The difference of activity was seen from the percentage of wound healing on non phytosome gel (68.83%), phytosome 2% (99.20%), phytosome 3% (99.38%), phytosome 4% (99.91%), Bioplacenton gel (100%). It can be concluded that phytosome gel 4% has wound healing activity in second-degree burn which is almost the same with Bioplacenton gel, and the wound healing activity is better than the non phytosome gel."

"ABSTRACTGaharu has been traded in East Kalimantan before the Hindu KingdomKutai period. However, the nineteen eighties to nineties was perhaps theglory period for gaharu trade in East Kalimantan. There are only little detailinformation regarding gaharu in East Kalimantan. The information on gaharutrade can only be extracted through anthropological studies on indigenouscommunity conducted by foreigner. Therefore, this study was undertaken togain more information on gaharu trade in East Kalimantan that includedharvest and chain of custody. For the purposes, 1 exporter, 3 middlemen and4 hunters in East Kalimantan were interviewed during the study.Hunter, middlemen, collector and exporter are identified as the 4 actorsthat played in the gaharu trade in East Kalimantan. The gaharu trade is openand does not bind the actors involved. Gaharu has been traded using landtransportation, although in some area sea transportation seems morepractical. Up until now, Samarinda is the center of gaharu trade in EastKalimantan where all big investors are located. Gaharu has been tradedlegally to Jakarta, Singapore and the Middle East. In addition, gaharu been traded to Banjarmasin. However, Gaharu has often been smuggled toMalaysia.In the past five years gaharu production increased significantly alongwith the increasing number of gaharu traders in East Kalimantan. Gaharuharvest is dominantly found in the center of East Kalimantan. Mahakamupstream that covers Kutai Kertanegara and West Kutai is identified as themost targeted location for gaharu hunt in East Kalimantan. The lowest qualitygaharu now dominates the gaharu market in East Kalimantan. It triggered thegaharu oil invention in East Kalimantan"

"Daun gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis LAMK) sudah dikenal dan digunakan oleh masyarakat di desa sebagai antiinflamasi, antibakteri dan antioksidan. Salah satu senyawa utama yang terkandung di dalam daun gaharu adalah flavonoid. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat dan menilai efektivitas gel fraksi etil asetat daun gaharu yang mengandung flavonoid terhadap kontrol negatif plasebo dan kontrol positif Povidone Iodine 10% terhadap masa penyembuhan luka terbuka hari ke satu dan hari ke delapan pada tikus putih jantan Spargue Dawley, dan menguji stabilitas gel pada suhu penyimpanan yang berbeda-beda, yaitu 40±2 oC, 28±2 oC, dan 4±2 oC selama 12 minggu. Sejumlah 25 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Sprague Dawley berumur 3 bulan dan secara acak dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari lima ulangan. Insisi dilakukan pada bagian punggung tikus sepanjang ± 1.5 cm, lebar ± 0.5 cm dan sedalam ± 0,3 cm dengan scalpel. Kelompok A diperlakukan tanpa pengobatan, Kelompok B diberikan gel plasebo. Kelompok C diobati dengan Povidone Iodine 10%. Kelompok D dan E diberi pengobatan dengan gel fraksi etil asetat daun gaharu masing-masing 4%.dan 16%. Pada luka terbuka pengobatan dilakukan 1 kali sehari pada pagi hari. Data yang diperoleh dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Post-Hock Tukey. Hasil menunjukkan pemberian gel fraksi etil asetat daun gaharu 16% terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dengan pemberian Povidone Iodine 10% terhadap masa dan proses penyembuhan luka terbuka yang lebih baik mulai hari ke satu dan hari ke delapan pada tikus putih jantan Sprague Dawley. Semua sediaan yang dibuat ternyata tetap stabil secara fisik sampai 3 bulan. ......Agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) has been known and used by people in the village as antiinflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant. One of the main compound contained in the leaves of agarwood is flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to make and assess the effectiveness gel fraction of the ethyl acetate leaves agarwood which contains flavonoid as the negative control placebo and Povidone Iodine 10% as the positive control in the healing time of the open wound day at the first day and the eighth day in the rats, and the stability test of the gel at different temperature of storage, which are on 40 ± 2 oC, 28 ± 2 ° C, and 4 ± 2 oC for 12 weeks. 25 male Sprague Dawley rats of 3 months old collected then randomly divided into five groups and each group consisted of five replications. The incision was made along dorsal area about the ± 1.5 cm, ± 0.5 cm width and ± 0.3 cm depth with a scalpel. The group A was not treatment, group B was given a placebo gel. Group C was treated with 10% Povidone Iodine. Group D and E were treated with the 4% and 16% ethyl acetate gel fraction of agarwood leaves as well. Treatment of the open wounds was made once time a day in morning. The data obtained were collected and analyzed by using Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test Post-Hock. The results showed treating with 16% gel fraction ethyl acetate of agarwood leaves significantly better then the administration of 10% Povidone Iodine in healing time and its process of open wound at the first day and the eighth day of male Sprague Dawley. All preparats made were physically stabil until 3 months."