"Keluhan otot dan tulang rangka masih kerap ditemukan pada pekerja pembuatan batik, khususnya nyeri punggung bawah (NPB). Tujuan penelitian ini menjelaskan dan menganalisis faktor risiko NPB, meliputi faktor fisik, peralatan, lingkungan, dan individu. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional menggunakan teknik total sampling di salah satu rumah batik Pekalongan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kerja REBA, NMQ, dan kuesioner faktor risiko terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh pekerja pernah merasakan keluhan NPB, akut dan kronis dengan frekuensi yang variatif. Sebanyak 4 dari 6 aktivitas teridentifikasi memiliki tingkat risiko ergonomi tinggi (nyolet, nylerek, nglorot, dan penjemuran). Peralatan (kursi, gawangan, dan tiang penjemuran) didapatkan ketidaksesuaian dimensi dengan antropometri pekerja. Mayoritas pekerja merasa pencahayaan dan suhu tempat kerja sudah nyaman tetapi tetap merasakan NPB. Diduga perempuan dan indeks massa tubuh yang tinggi lebih berisiko merasakan keluhan NPB dengan pertimbangan kondisi pekerjaan yang mengharuskan pekerja duduk dalam waktu yang lama. Guna meminimalisasi timbulnya NPB, perlu dilakukan upaya perbaikan pada kursi (tinggi alas 36,7 cm; panjang alas 38,6 cm; lebar alas 47,1 cm; tinggi sandaran 56,3 cm), gawangan (tinggi 111 cm), dan tiang penjemuran (tinggi 133,7), serta upaya administratif seperti memasang poster edukasi dan memberikan waktu peregangan di sela pekerjaan,serta pemasangan alarm apabila memungkinkan.
Musculoskeletal complaints are still often found among batik-making workers, especially low back pain (LBP). This study aims to explain and analyze the risk factors for LBP, including physical, equipment, environmental, and individual factors. This study is a descriptive observational with a cross-sectional approach using total sampling technique in one of the Pekalongan batik houses. Data collection used REBA worksheets, NMQ, and related risk factor questionnaires. The results showed that all workers had felt complaints of LBP, both acute and chronic with varying frequencies. Four out of six activities were identified as having a high level of ergonomic risk (nyolet, nylerek, nglorot, and drying). The equipment (chairs, gawangan, and drying poles) were found to have mismatched dimensions with workers' anthropometry. Most of workers felt that the lighting and temperature of the workplace were comfortable but still felt LBP. It is suspected that women and high body mass index are more at risk of feeling LBP complaints with consideration of work conditions that require workers to sit for a long time. In order to minimize the incidence of NPB, it is necessary to make modifications to the chair (base height 36,7 cm; base length 38,6 cm; base width 47,1 cm; backrest height 56,3 cm), gawangan (height 111 cm), and drying pole (height 133,7), as well as administrative efforts such as installing educational posters and providing stretching time between jobs, and installing alarms where possible."
Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2025