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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Streptococcus mutans adalah bakteri penyebab karies dan memiliki faktor virulensi yang tinggi sehingga dapat memicu pembentukan biofilm pada gigi. Propolis merupakan bahan alami yang memiliki sifat antibakteri. Permen propolis hisap UI diduga dapat menghambat pembentukan biofilm bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang diisolasi dari plak gigi. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek permen propolis hisap UI terhadap pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus mutans yang diisolasi dari plak gigi. Metode: Streptococcus mutans pada sampel plak subjek diambil sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Sampel dikultur dalam medium TYS20B kemudian dilakukan kultur pada medium cair TYS Broth. Setelah itu dilakukan uji biofilm dengan crystal violet assay. Hasil: Hasil uji Wilcoxon menyimpulkan tidak terdapat perbedaan pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus mutans yang bermakna sebelum dan setelah konsumsi permen propolis (p=0,697) Kesimpulan: Setelah konsumsi selama tujuh hari, permen propolis tidak mempengaruhi pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus mutans yang diisolasi dari plak gigi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Streptococcus mutans is one of the etiology of caries with high virulence factors which can improve its ability to form biofilm on dental surface. Propolis is a natural product which has antibacterial properties. Propolis candy made by University of Indonesia was expected to decrease the ability of Streptococcus mutans to form biofilm. Aim: To know the effect of propolis candy on biofilm formation ability of Streptococcus mutans isolated from dental plaque. Method: Streptococcus mutans specimen from dental plaque of 120 subjects were collected pre and post treatment. Plaque sample then cultured on agar medium TYS20B and then cultured on TYS Broth medium. Then, biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans from sample evaluated by crystal violet assay. Result: The results of Wilcoxon test conclude that there is no statistically significant difference between the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans before and after consumption of propolis candy (p=0,697) Conclusion: After seven days of consumption, propolis candy has no effect on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans isolated from dental plaque."

"Pendahuluan: Mikoorganisme mulut sangat penting dalam menjaga kesehatan mulutdan sistemik. Salah satu dari berbagai macam mikroorganisme dalam mulut adalah bakteriSolobacterium moorei. Perlekatan bakteri pada seluruh rongga mulut ini menyebabkanterjadinya kolonisasi bakteri pada permukaan mulut dan membentuk biofilm. Selain itu, proteinpada saliva merupakan faktor penting yang mempengaruhi pembentukan biofilm dan interaksiantar spesies. Profil protein saliva dalam pembentukan biofilm setiap individu dapat bervariasisecara kualitatif dalam kondisi yang berbeda. Tujuan: Mengamati pengaruh pajanan proteinsaliva anak dan kelompok dewasa terhadap pembentukan biofilm Solobacterium moorei.Metode: Sampel subjek anak dan dewasa, dilakukan uji Eletroforesis untuk mengetahui profilprotein pada saliva, uji Crystal Violet untuk menentukan kuantifikasi pembentukan biofilm danTotal Plate Counting untuk mengkuantifikasi viabilitas bakteri pada massa biofilm. Hasil:Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada subjek anak dan dewasa teridentifikasi proteindengan berat molekul berkisar sama yaitu sebesar 10-15 kDa dan 50 kDa. Berdasarkan hasilpenelitian, kolonisasi bakteri pada rongga mulut oleh biofilm Solobacterium moorei pada anakdan dewasa tidak dipengaruhi oleh Profil Protein. Profil protein saliva diuji Eletroforesisdinyatakan tidak ada perbedaan komponen antara anak dan dewasa yang menjadi indikatoryang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan biofilm bakteri Solobacterium moorei. Akan tetapi, secarastatistik terbukti nyata jumlah koloni bakteri dewasa lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan anak.Kesimpulan: Profil protein saliva tidak mempengaruhi pembentukkan biofilm bakteriSolobacterium moorei. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan pada komponen profil protein pada dewasamaupun anak. Hasil analisis secara statistik membuktikan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna padapembentukan biofilm Solobacterium moorei.

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Background: Oral microorganisms plays a huge role in maintaining oral and systemic

health. One of the various types of microorganisms in the mouth is the bacterium

Solobacterium moorei. The attachment of bacteria to the entire oral cavity causes bacterial

colonization on the surface of the mouth and forms a biofilm. In addition, protein in saliva is

an important factor in biofilm formation and species interactions. The salivary protein profile

in the biofilm formation of each individual can vary qualitatively under different conditions.

Objective: To observe the effect of exposure to pellicle formation of salivary protein groups

of children and adults on the formation of biofilm Solobacterium moorei. Methods: Samples

of children and adults, Electrophoresis test was performed to determine the protein profile in

saliva, Crystal Violet test to determine the quantification of biofilm formation and Total Plate

Counting to quantify bacterial population viability at the mass of biofilm. Results: There were

no significant differences in children and adults, identified proteins with the same molecular

weight, namely 10-15 kDa and 50 kDa. Based on the research results, bacterial colonization on

the surface of the mouth by Solobacterium moorei bacteria in children and adults was not

influenced by the protein profile. The salivary protein profile was tested by electrophoresis, it

was stated that there was no difference in components between children and adults which was

an indicator that influenced the growth of the Solobacterium moorei bacterial biofilm.

However, it is statistically proven that the number of adult bacterial colonies is larger than

children’s. Conclusion: Salivary protein profile does not influences the biofilm formation of

Solobacterium moorei bacteria. There were no differences in protein profile components

between adults and children. The results of statistical analysis proved that there was no

significant difference in the formation of the Solobacterium moorei monospecies biofilm."

"Prevalensi periodontitis di Indonesia sangat tinggi yaitu 74,1%. Patogen keystone sebagai manipulator respons host dimediasi oleh patobion yang menjadi patogen dalam lingkungan dysbiosis yang akan memicu respons imun adaptif sehingga menyekresikan antibodi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara keberadaan polimikrobial dengan respons imun humoral saliva berdasarkan keparahan periodontitis dan status periodontal. Desain penelitian ini adalah observasional potong-lintang. Pemeriksaan status periodontal dan pengambilan sampel saliva dilakukan pada 39 subjek periodontitis berbagai stage dan periodontal sehat. Keberadaan antigen dan respons imun humoral saliva dideteksi menggunakan teknik berbasis imunologi. Keberadaan antigen A. actinomycetemcomitans tertinggi pada kelompok periodontitis stage IV. Respons imun IgA saliva terhadap antigen F.nucleatum (p=0,014) dan C.albicans (p=0,009) menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan berdasarkan keparahan periodontitis. Hubungan signifikan ditemukan antara indeks plak dengan respons imun IgG saliva terhadap C.albicans. Hasil analisis menunjukkan hubungan antara indeks kebersihan mulut dengan respons imun IgA saliva terhadap antigen A. actinomycetemcomitans (p=0,008) dan C. albicans (p=0,031). Terdapat hubungan antara indeks perdarahan papila dengan respons imun IgA saliva terhadap antigen A. actinomycetemcomitans (p=0,003), F.nucleatum (p=0,002), dan C.albicans (p=0,008). Antigen A.actinomycetemcomitans, respons imun IgA serta IgG saliva terhadap antigen F.nucleatum dan C.albicans dapat menjadi biomarker keparahan periodontitis.

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The prevalence of periodontitis in Indonesia remains high (74.1%). Keystone pathogens as manipulators of the host response are mediated by pathogens that become pathogens in a dysbiotic environment that will trigger antibodies. The objective was to analyze the relationship between the presence of polymicrobial and salivary humoral immune responses based on the severity of periodontitis and periodontal status. The study design was cross-sectional. Saliva sampling were performed in 39 subjects with periodontitis and healthy periodontal. The presence of antigens and immunoglobulins were detected by immunology-based techniques. The presence of A.actinomycetemcomitans antigen was higher in the stage IV periodontitis group. The salivary IgA against F. nucleatum (p=0.014) and C. albicans (p = 0.009) showed significant differences based on the severity of periodontitis. A significant relationship was found between the plaque index and salivary IgG against C. albicans. It showed a relationship between the oral hygiene index and the salivary IgA immune response against A. actinomycetemcomitans (p=0.008) and C.albicans (p=0.031). There was a relationship between the papillary bleeding index and salivary IgA against A. actinomycetemcomitans (p=0.003), F.nucleatum (p=0.002) and C.albicans (p=0.008). The A.actinomycetemcomitans antigen, the salivary IgA and IgG against F.nucleatum and C.albicans antigens can be biomarkers for periodontitis severity."