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"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan identifikasi terhadap citra USG payudara normal, benign danmalignant. Diperoleh rentang nilai pixel untuk lesi benign 22-26 dan rentang lesimalignant 37-39. Pada citra USG normal diperoleh nilai pixel fat sebagai acuan(isoechoic) pada rentang 49-55. Diperoleh nilai rasio (a/b) dari panjang (a) dantinggi (b) lesi untuk kasus benign >1 dan untuk malignant a/b < 1. Evaluasi citradilakukan dengan menggunakan Software Image-J. Hasil penelitian menunjukkankarakteristik yang berbeda dari beberapa lesi payudara pada citra USG yang sulitdiamati secara visual biasa. Metode ini diharapkan dapat membantu diagnosis lesipayudara sebagai upaya deteksi dini kanker payudara. Telah dilakukan filterisasicitra USG payudara dengan Adobe CS6 Extended untuk mendeteksi kehadiranmikrokalsifikasi, citra USG hasil filterisasi berhasil menujukkan kehadiranmikrokalsifikasi yang sebelumnya tidak tampak secara visual.

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AbstractIdentification has been done on breast ultrasound image of normal, benign andmalignant. Range of pixel values obtained for benign lesions in ranges 22-26 andmalignant lesions in ranges 37-39. In the normal ultrasound image obtained pixelvalue as the reference fat (isoechoic) in the range 49-55. Obtained value of the ratio(a/b) of the length (a) and high (b) cases of benign lesions for > 1 and formalignant (a/b) < 1. Image evaluation performed using Image-J software. Theresults show different characteristics from multiple breast lesions on ultrasoundimages are difficult to observe visually normal. This method is expected to aid inthe diagnosis of breast lesions as a means of early detection of breast cancer.Filtering has been performed breast ultrasound images with Adobe CS6 Extendedto detect the presence of microcalcifications, ultrasound image filtering resultssuccessfully showed the presence of microcalcifications that were not perceivable."

"ABSTRAKSeiring meningkatnya kuantitas pertanian di Indonesia, harus diikuti dengan peningkatan kualitas pertanian. Umumnya salah satu indikator atau parameter yang biasa digunakan untuk menunjukan kualitas pertanian adalah jumlah hama yang merusak tanaman di daerah tertentu. Pengendalian organisme pengganggu pada tanaman tersebut dapat diminimalisir dengan produksi bio-insektisida berbasis Getah Pepaya Carica papaya yang disadap lalu diekstraksi dengan gelombang ultrasonik munggunakan pelarut NADES campuran dari Cholin chloride ChCl dan Oxalic acid Ox dengan variasi waktu sonifikasi selama 10, 20, 30 menit dan rasio pelarut 1:2, 3:2, 2:1. Bio-insektisida diproduksi dengan melakukan uji aktivitas enzim secara kualitatif protein dengan metode lowry dan secara kuantitatif menggunakan bantuan spektrofotometer UV/Vis dengan panjang gelombang 750 nm serta uji efikasi. Hasil ekstraksi terbaik didapatkan pada pelarut NADES dengan rasio 1:2 dengan waktu ekstraksi selama 30 menit dengan waktu ekstraksi selama 30 menit menghasilkan konsentrasi protein sebesar 7,23 ppm dan konsentrasi tirosin sebesar 7,9 ppm. Sampel bio-insektisida efektif mematikan ulat grayak dengan tingkat mortalitas 100 dalam rentang waktu 5-7 hari.

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ABSTRACTAlong with the increasing quantity of agriculture in Indonesia, should be followed by improving the quality of agriculture. Generally one of the indicators or parameters commonly used to indicate the quality of agriculture is the number of pests that damage plants in certain areas. The control of disturbing organisms on the plant can be minimized by the bio insecticide production of Carica papaya which is tapped and extracted with ultrasonic assisted using a mixed NADES solvent from Cholin chloride ChCl and Oxalic acid Ox with varying sonification time for 10, 20, 30 minutes and solvent ratio of 1 2, 3 2, 2 1. Bio insecticide was produced by conducting qualitative enzyme activity of protein with lowry method and quantitatively using UV Vis spectrophotometer aid with 750 nm wavelength and efficacy test. The best extraction result was obtained at NADES solvent with 1 2 ratio with extraction time for 30 min with extraction time for 30 minutes yielding protein concentration equal to 7,23 ppm and tyrosine concentration equal to 7,9 ppm. Bio insecticide samples effectively kill grayak caterpillars with 100 mortality within 5 7 days."

"Tujuan:Memperoleh masukan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan pemeriksaan mamografi dan atau USG payudara di Departemen Radiologi FKUI/RSUPN- Cipto MangunkusumoMetode:Penelitian ini studi deskriptif analitik, menggunakan data sekunder untuk menilai akurasi hasil pemeriksaan mamografi dan atau USG payudara terhadap hasil pemeriksaan histopatologis dalam mendiagnosis kelainan payudara.Hasil dan diskusi :Hasil uji diagnostik perbandingan hasil pemeriksaan USG payudara dengan hasil pemeriksaan histopatologis akurasi diagnostik tinggi. Hasil pemeriksaan mamografi dan pemeriksaan kombinasi dibandingkan dengan hasil pemeriksaan histopatologis didapatkan asumsi akurasi rendah. Hasil pemeriksaan klinis dibanding dengan hasil pemeriksaan histopatologis didapatkan akurasi diagnostik yang tinggi.Kesimpulan:Pemeriksaan USG payudara dengan hasil pemeriksaan histopatologis didapatkan akurasi diagnostik yang tinggi.

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Objective:

To get The evaluated hope can be increase examination mammography and ultrasound in departemenof radiology RSUPN-Cipto Mangunkusumo.

Methods :

This study is a descriptive analytic study assessment process using secondary data to assess the accuracy of the results of the examination / expertise mammography or breast ultrasound and the results of histopathologic examination in the diagnosis of breast abnormalities.

Results :

Diagnostic test results comparing breast ultrasound examination results with the results of histopathologic examination found a high diagnostic accuracy. The results of examination of the combination of mammography and compared with histopathologic examination results obtained assuming a low accuracy. The results of the clinical examination compared with the results of histopathologic examination found a high diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion :

Ultrasound examination of the breast with histopathologic examination found a high diagnostic accuracy."

"Tujuan: Menentukan hubungan obesitas dengan proporsi ukuran tumor, keterlibatan KGB aksila dan derajat histopatologi pada pasien kanker payudara stadium I - IIIA di RSUPNCM, serta membantu meningkatkan kualitas tatalaksana bagi klinisi. Metode: Analisa menggunakan data sekunder pada pasien kanker payudara stadium I - III A. Dikatan obesitas bila indeks massa tubuh ≥ 25 kg/m2 dan non obesitas < 25 kg/m2. Hasil ukuran tumor dikelompokkan menjadi < 2 cm, 2-5 cm dan > 5 cm berdasarkan sistem staging TNM AJCC. Ukuran tumor diperoleh melalui pencitraan ultrasonografi payudara yang tersimpan pada sistem PACS. Keterlibatan KGB aksila serta derajat histopatologi diperoleh dari hasil ekspertise patologi anatomi. Hasil: Jumlah subyek penelitian sebanyak 52 pasien kanker payudara stadium I - IIIA tahun 2012 - 2014 di RSUPNCM terdiri dari 26 pasien obesitas dan 26 pasien non obesitas. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara ukuran tumor berdasarkan staging dengan obesitas (P= 0,795 (uji chi square)). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara obesitas dengan derajat histopatologi (P=0,610, (uji mutlak fisher)). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara obesitas dan keterlibatan KGB aksila (P =0,404 (uji chi square)). Median ukuran tumor pada pasien obesitas 2,95 cm dan pasien non obesitas 2,73 cm. Dari 26 pasien obesitas, 25 diantaranya memiliki derajat tinggi. Dari 26 pasien non obesitas, 14 memiliki keterlibatan KGB aksila. Kesimpulan: Pasien kanker payudara yang obesitas tidak berhubungan dengan besarnya ukuran tumor, keterlibatan KGB aksila dan derajat histopatologi yang tinggi. Namun terdapat kecenderungan pasien kanker payudara yang obesitas memiliki ukuran tumor yang lebih besar dan tingginya derajat histopatologi. Sedangkan keterlibatan KGB aksila lebih cenderung pada pasien yang non obesitas.

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Objective: Determine the relationship of obesity with tumor size proportion, axillary lymph node involvement and histopathological grading in breast cancer patients stage I-IIIA in Cipto Mangunkusomo hospital and to help improvement the quality of management by clinician.

Methods: Analysis using secondary data of breast cancer patient stage I-IIIA. Obesity grouped if body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 and non obese < 25 kg/m2. The results of tumor size are grouped into 0-2 cm, 2-5 cm and > 5 cm based on the AJCC TNM staging system. Tumor size obtained through breast ultrasound imaging from PACS system. Axillary lymph node involvement and histopathological grading obtained from the anatomical pathology expertise.

Results: The study subjects are 52 patients with stage I-IIIA breast cancer in 2012-2014 in Cipto Mangunkusumo consisted of 26 obese and 26 non-obese patients. There is no significant relationship between tumor size based on staging with obesity (P = 0.795 (chi square test)). There was no significant relationship between obesity and grading histopathology (P = 0.610, (absolute test fisher)). There was no significant relationship between obesity and the involvement of axillary lymph nodes (P = 0.404 (chi square test)). The median tumor size of 2.95 cm in obese patients and 2,73 cm in non-obese patients. From 26 obese patients, 25 of them had a high grading histopathology. From 26 non-obese patients, 14 of them had involvement of axillary lymph nodes.

Conclusion: Breast cancer patients who are obese are not related to the larger tumor size, involvement of axillary lymph nodes and a high grading of histopathology. However, there is a tendency that breast cancer patients who are obese had larger tumor size and high grading of histopathology. Where as the involvement of axillary lymph nodes are more likely in non-obese patients."

"A practical approach to the early detection and management of breast cancer. This lavishly illustrated atlas provides radiologists with essential information for the differential diagnosis of breast diseases on the basis of clinical presentation, mammography, and ultrasound. The book begins with chapters on tumor biology, prognostic factors, and histology. The authors then provide a thorough evaluation of various methods for early detection and accurate diagnosis, including analog and digital mammography, ultrasound, MR imaging, PET/​CT, and interventional procedures. They discuss in detail the strengths and limitations of each imaging modality, aspects of quality control, test intervals, peri- and postoperative management principles, and follow-up care.Highlights:- Presentation of difficult cases that effectively demonstrate the diagnostic hurdles and forensic pitfalls in breast diagnosis- Special sections on breast cancer in men and young women, with discussion of women who are pregnant or lactating- Color-coded practical tips and clinical notes for optimal comprehension of the material- Extensive Q&​A sections for self-testing in two major chapters"