Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKTelaah ini memiliki dua tujuan pokok. Tujuan pertama adalah untuk menyelidiki sejauh mana eksistensi pemarkah kohesi dalam teks bacaan dalam buku English for the Senior High School, yang diterbitkan oleh Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan pada tahun 1996, mempengaruhi pemahaman peserta didik. Tujuan kedua adalah untuk mengetahui jenis pemarkah kohesi apa raja yang dominan muncul dalam teks bacaan yang diteliti.Metode yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif yang memanfaatkan teknik kalkulasi t-test, koefisien korelasi Pearson, dan analisis persentase, dengan 40 siswa kelas 2 SMU tahun ajaran 1998/1999 sebagai sampel. Para siswa tersebut berasal dari SMU Negeri 38, Jakarta Selatan. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes isi rumpang (TIR) dan tes tanya jawab (TTJ).Ada dua penemuan pokok dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, rekognisi pemarkah kohesif cenderung berperan penting dalam keterpahaman teks. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa pemberian input tentang rekognisi pemarkah kohesif kepada kelompok eksperimental cenderung meningkatkan prestasi kelompok ini jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberikan input. Kedua, berdasarkan tingkat frekuensi kemunculan pemarkah kohesi dalam empat teks eksposisi yang dianalisis, pemarkah kohesi leksikal cenderung memiliki persentase tinggi, yakni 60,61 %. Urutan kedua setelah kohesi leksikal ialah acuan, yakni 28,28%. Urutan ketiga ialah konjungsi, yakni 8,08%. Urutan keempat ialah elipsis, yakni 3,03%, sedangkan urutan terakhir ialah substitusi, yakni 0%.Berdasarkan analisis peranan rantai kohesi dalam keterpahaman teks, rantai kohesi dapat dijadikan alat untuk membantu peserta didik memahami teks bacaan eksposisi dengan lebih efisien. Dengan perkataan lain, pemarkah kohesi berperan penting dalam peningkatan keterpahaman teks jika digunakan sebagai alat penuntun. peserta didik dalam menentukan pikiran utama dalam bagian teks.

---

ABSTRACT

This study has two objectives. First, it aims at seeking how far the existence of cohesive markers in the reading texts in " English for Senior High School ", published by the Department of Education and Culture ini 1996, influences the student's comprehension. Second, it aims at searching what categories of cohesive markers which dominantly occur in the reading texts observed.

The method applied in this research is a quantitative one, making use of the t-test, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and the percentage analysis, with 40 second-year students of a Senior High School in the academic year 1998/1999 as the sample. The students are taken from a State Senior High School (SMU Negeri), Jakarta Selatan. The data are collected through the cloze test and the comprehension question test.

There are two main findings in this research. Firstly, the recognition of cohesive markers tends to play an important role in the text comprehensibility. The result of the experiment showed that presenting input on the recognition of cohesive markers to the experimental group tended to improve their performance in both tests compared to the control group who are not given the input.

Secondly, based on the frequency of occurrence of cohesive markers in four of the analyzed expository texts, lexical cohesive markers tended to occur most frequently, i.e. 60.61%. Reference comes the second, i.e. 28.28%. Conjunction comes the third, i.e. 8.08%. Ellipsis comes the fourth, i.e. 3.03%, while substitution comes the last, i.e. 0%.

Based on the analysis of the roles of the cohesive chains in the text comprehensibility, the cohesive chains can be utilized to help the students to comprehend the expository reading texts more efficiently. In other words, the cohesive markers play an important role in improving the text comprehensibility if they are utilized to guide the students in determining the main ideas in a passage."

"A discourse generally consists of a number of sentences. In this case one sentence and another sentence should be related to each other. The relations among them can be identified through the components connecting those sentences, which are called cohesive devices.

This research aims at describing cohesion in Javanese discourses, especially concerning the grammatical and lexical cohesive devices. Also, the cohesive ties among their components in various discourses are examined.

The theory for this analysis is based on Halliday and Hasan's Cohesion in English (1979) and Language, Context and Text (1985). The theory is chosen since it is relevant to the subject and is also by far the most comprehensive.

The data for this research is taken from various sources so that it is expected to represent the real uses of Javanese. The data is collected through the observation method, that is, by using the techniques of recording and noting on the data cards. Then, the data are analyzed by a distributional method.

In this research, a great variety of grammatical cohesive devices, lexical cohesive devices, and even cohesive ties are found. There are four types of grammatical cohesive devices, i.e. reference, substitution, ellipsis, and con-junction; and six types of lexical cohesion, viz, repetition, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, meronymy, and collocation. For the group of the grammatical cohesions, some types of reference, covering personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and reference by definite markers are obtained; substitution comprises noun and clause substitution; ellipsis covers noun, verb, and clause ellipsis; while the con-junctions are indicated by some marks of conjunctive relations. Besides, the semantic conjunctive ties are analyzed, comprising additive, adversative, causal, temporal, conditional, alternative, conclusive, validity and intensity. For the group of lexical cohesion, the types of repetition are shown by complete repetition, modified repetition, partial repetition, and additional repetition; synonymy is marked by the linguistic unit with similar or the same meaning; antonymy is realized through the lingual unit with binary, polar, relational and multiple taxonomic antonymy; hyponymy is constructed by superordinate-hyponym, hyponymsuperordinate and co-hyponym relations; meronymy is organized by holonym-meronym, meronym-holonym, and co-meronym, while collocation can be identified through noun and verb collocations. From the analysis of the cohesive ties, the cohesive devices used in one type of discourse and another type vary respectively, whereas the distance between the constituents is dominated by the immediate ties."

"There are several kinds of language that using in newspaper. Its depend on the character of informations. According to Hoed (1976a), the various of languages in newspaper base on the ideas of sociolinguistics field that regarded language in reality is not monolitic, but consist of several variations. One of the inner problem in Indonesian mass media and become the focus of this research is the cohession. The goals of this research, which the tittle is "Kohesi dalam Bahasa Indonesia: Kajian Atas Teks Tajuk Rencana Lima Surat Kabar Harlan di Jakarta", is to describe the editorial cohession (tajuk rencana) in Indonesian daily newspapers. Through this research, I hope that I am be able to describe (i) cohession mecanism as the tie of propositions in editorial discourse; (ii) language units which's used as cohession marker in editorial text; and (iii) the kinds of cohession marker which's frequently used in editorial text and their causal factors. This research use Halliday and Hasan theory (1979) which combined with Cruse theory (1986). In this research I found that the same cohession is not always using in editorial text eventhough in the same newspaper. But, it's an unabsolutely using the all cohesion marker in editorial. The result of the research show that there is a tendency in using cohession marker which depend on the "topic" of the news. The language units that places as cohession marker in editorial are ia, dia, mereka, -nya, itu, ini, ini, itu, begini, and di sini; conjunction sejak, karenanya, tetapi, akan tetapi, namun, semen tare itu, clan, ketimbang, bahwa, sebab, sehingga, meskipun; and OIeh karena itu. And, I also found the using of noun, noun phrase, verb, verb phrase, and clause in the editorial. Through the comprehensive analysis of the six topic of editorial, which represented by one every topic, this research found 254 cohession marker, both gramatical or lexical. The lexical cohession marker repetition is the most frequently use, i.e. 117 (45.9%). Then the reference 53 {21.1%), collocation 28 (11%), conjunctive relation 20 (7.8%), substitution 8 (3.1%), ellipsis 8 (3.1%), paronymy 7 (2.8%), synonymy 6 (2.4%), hyponymy 5 (2%), and meronymy 2 (0.8%)."

"Tesis ini mengkaji kohesi dalam wacana naratif bahasa Indonesia. Dengan berpedoman pada teori Halliday dan Hasan kajian ini menjawab (1) perwujudan pemarkah kohesi yang terdapat dalam wacana naratif, (2) pemarkah referensi yang dominan digunakan agar wacana menjadi koheren, (3) perwujudan referensi pronomina persona ketiga yang direalisasikan di dalam wacana. Hasil analisis data memperlihatkan semua pemarkah kohesi gramatikal, yakni referensi, substitusi, elipsis, relasi konjungtif, dan kohesi leksikal yang berwujud repetisi, sinonimi, hiponimi/hiperonim, meronimi, antonimi, dan kolokasi terdapat dalam wacana naratif bahasa Indonesia. Keseluruhan pemarkah tersebut terbukti dimanfaatkan agar wacana koheren. Dari analisis data, pemarkah referensi atau pengacuan merupakan pemarkah kohesi gramatikal yang dominan digunakan. Pemarkah kohesi leksikal yang dominan digunakan adalah pemarkah repetisi. Di antara pemarkah kohesi gramatikal yang berwujud referensi pronomina persona ketiga seperti, ia, dia, -nya, beliau , dan mereka yang sering digunakan adalah pronomina persona ketiganya. Hasil analisis data memperlihatkan penggunaan referensi pronomina persona ketiga seperti ia dan dia selalu bersifat anaforis dan tidak pernah bersifat kataforis. Begitu pula penggunaan referensi pronomina persona ketiga ?nya yang anaforis tidak hanya bersifat intrakalimat, tetapi juga antarkalimat. Hal itu memperkuat hasil penelitian sebelumnya tentang analisis keutuhan wacana.

---

This thesis discusses the cohesion in narrative texts in Indonesian Language. With the reference to Halliday and Hasan theory, this analysis answers (1) the form of cohesion markers that are found in narrative texts, (2) reference markers which are dominantly used in order to make texts coherent, (3) The form of references of the third personal pronoun which are used in a discourse.

The result of data analysis shows all grammatical cohesion markers such as, references, substitutions, ellipses, relative conjunctions, and lexical cohesion in form of repetition, synonym, hyponym/heteronym, metonymy, antonym, and collocation are found in narrative texts of Indonesian language. All those markers are proved to used in order to make a text coherent. From data analysis, reference markers are grammatical cohesion markers which are dominantly used. Lexical cohesion markers which are dominantly used are repetition markers. Grammatical cohesion markers which are in from of personal pronoun references like he, she, her, his and them that are often used are his or her.

The result of data analysis shows that the use of third personal pronouns such as "she" and "he" are always as anaphors and never as cataphors. The use of reference of third personal pronouns ? his or her which are anaphors and is not only intrasentence, but also intersentence. Those aspects strengthen the result of the previous research about analysis of text complexity."

"Penelitian ini mempelajari mengenai bagaimana karakteristik ragam bahasa yang terdapat dalam diskusi di tiga thread forum online "Das Kinder- und Jugendforum" berdasarkan teori ragam bahasa lisan dan tulis, bahasa komunikasi di internet, dan koherensi teks. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan dengan teknik deskriptif-analitis. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan penemuan tiga karakteristik yang ada pada ragam bahasa lisan, tulis, laras bahasa dalam komunikasi di internet, serta menunjukkan bahwa teks berupa percakapan diskusi dalam forum online ini memenuhi syarat koherensi teks. Meskipun ditemukan penyimpangan koherensi tematik, namun komunikasi masih dapat berjalan lancar.This research analyzes the characteristics of language variation found in three threads of the online forum discussion "Das Kinder- und Jugendforum" based on the three theories, which are: spoken and written language, The chatting‟s language in the internet, and text coherence. The research is conducted by using qualitative method combined with analytical descriptive technique. The result of this research shows that there are combinations of language variations used in spoken, written, and internet chatting. It also shows that the text, in form of discussion conversation in this online forum, fulfil the requirement of text coherence. Moreover, even though divergence of thematic coherence are found, communication still works well because the divergence is a form of theme expansion."

"[ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai persepsi tentang kohesi yang dimiliki oleh atlet profesional bolabasket yang terlibat dalam liga tertinggi di Indonesia, yaitu National Basketball League (NBL) Indonesia, dan hubungannya dengan performa individual yang ditampilkan selama setengah musim pertandingan reguler. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Group Environment Questionnaire (Carron, et al., 1985) yang telah diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia, dan pengukuran analisis notasi statistik pertandingan individual untuk pengukuran performa individual. Partisipan dari penelitian ini berjumlah 131 atlet profesional dari keduabelas tim yang berpartisipasi dalam liga NBL Indonesia. Dari penghitungan korelasi yang dilakukan, tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara persepsi kohesi dan performa individual pada atlet profesional bolabasket yang bermain di NBL Indonesia, r = 0,066, n = 131, p>0,05, one tail. Hal tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh kemungkinan terdapat faktor lain yang mempengaruhipersepsi kohesi dan performa individual.

---

ABSTRACTThis research explains about the perception of cohesion on professional athletes who plays at the highest level of basketball league, the National Basketball League Indonesia, and its relationship with individual performance shown for the half of the reguler season. The instruments used in this research is the Group Environment Questionnaire (Carron, et al., 1985) which has been adapted into Bahasa Indonesia, and notational analysis of individual game statistics for the individual performance measurement. Total participant was 131 professional athletes who played for the twelve teams participating in NBL Indonesia. The result of this research shows no significance between perception of cohesion and individual performance in professional atheletes who play in NBL Indonesia, r = 0,066, n = 131, p>0,05, one tail. This result is due to the possibility of other factors influencing perception of cohesion and individual performance., This research explains about the perception of cohesion on professionalathletes who plays at the highest level of basketball league, the NationalBasketball League Indonesia, and its relationship with individual performanceshown for the half of the reguler season. The instruments used in this research isthe Group Environment Questionnaire (Carron, et al., 1985) which has beenadapted into Bahasa Indonesia, and notational analysis of individual gamestatistics for the individual performance measurement.Total participant was 131 professional athletes who played for the twelveteams participating in NBL Indonesia. The result of this research shows nosignificance between perception of cohesion and individual performance inprofessional atheletes who play in NBL Indonesia, r = 0,066, n = 131, p>0,05, onetail. This result is due to the possibility of other factors influencing perception ofcohesion and individual performance.]"

"Gender merupakan salah satu topik atau kajian yang menarik untuk dibahas dan diteliti. Hal ini terbukti dengan banyaknya penelitian terdahulu yang mengkaji topik mengenai gender, mulai dari gender yang dikaitkan dengan karya sastra sampai pada pembahasan gender yang dikaitkan dengan bahasa. Dalam penelitian ini, gender akan diteliti hubungannya dengan penggunaan bahasa tulis (narasi). Bahasa tulis atau narasi yang akan di kaji lebih dikhususkan pada penggunaan kohesi gramatikal antara remaja laki-laki dan perempuan dalam bernarasi. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana penggunaan bahasa khususnya penggunaan kohesi gramatikal antara remaja lakilaki dan perempuan, serta melihat apakah ada perbedaan dalam penggunaan kohesi gramatikal antara kedua kategori responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja berusia 15-17 tahun yang duduk di bangku sekolah menegah atas. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tulisan atau narasi yang dibuat oleh responden. Ada sekitar 43 narasi yang menjadi data dalam penelitian ini. Hasil atau kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan penggunaan kohesi gramatikal (khususnya perbedaan dalam jumlah rerata) dalam narasi milik responden laki-laki dan perempuan. Kohesi gramatikal dalam narasi milik responden perempuan cenderung lebih banyak ditemukan dibandingkan kohesi gramatikal dalam narasi milik responden laki-laki. Namun, perbedaan jumlah rerata yang terjadi ini tidak menunjukkan angka perbedaan yang besar. Jadi dapat dinyatakan bahwa perbedaan penggunaan kohesi antara responden laki-laki dan responden perempuan dalam penelitian ini tidak signifikan.

---

Gender is one of the topics or study that interest to be discussed and researched. This is evidenced by the many previous studies that already examine the topic of gender, ranging from gender are associated with literature until topics of gender that is associated with language. In this research, gender will be examined based on relation with use of written language (narrative). Written language or narrative that will be examined more specifically in the use of grammatical cohesion between boys and girls in make a narrative. This research aims to see how the use of language, especially the use of grammatical cohesion between boys and girls, and see whether there are differences in the use of grammatical cohesion between the two categories of respondents.

In this research, method that used is field research. Respondents in this study were adolescents aged 15-17 years old in level senior high schools. The resource that used in this research is the text or narration made by the respondent. There are about 43 narrative that becomes the data in this researches. Results or conclusions obtained from this research is there are differences in the use of grammatical cohesion (especially the difference in the average) in the narration of the respondents belong to men and women. Grammatical cohesion in the narration belongs female respondents tend to be more easy to found than grammatical cohesion in the narration belongs to male respondents. However, differences in the mean number that happen does not show a large difference figures. So, it can be stated that the differences in the use of cohesion among male respondents and female respondents in this research is not significant."