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"Pemanfaatan kemajuan teknologi informasi membawa dampak terhadap perkembangan digital dengan munculnya inovasi Fintech di bidang jasa keuangan salah satunya layanan Pendanaan Bersama Berbasis Teknologi Informasi (layanan Peer to Peer (P2P) Lending).Permasalahan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah bagaimana perlindungan sektor jasa keuangan berbasis teknologi informasi dan sistem pendanaan bersama melalui layanan P2P Lending menurut peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia serta akibat hukum yang timbul sebagai upaya perlindungan konsumen. Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan doktrin doktrin ilmu hukum menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier.Pengaturan penyelenggaraan layanan P2P Lending sudah bersifat spesifik danmenimbulkan terpusatnya regulasi P2P Lending. Akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan dari penyelenggara layanan P2P Lending yang merugikan, terdapat pertanggungjawaban penyelenggara selaku pelaku usaha kepada Pemberi Dana dan Penerima Dana yang merasa dirugikan dapat berupa perdata maupun pidana. Pemberi Dana dan Penerima Dana diharapkan cermat dalam memilih dan mempergunakan kegiatan layanan P2P Lending agar hak dan kewajiban yang dimiliki dapat terlindun

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The use of advances in information technology has had an impact on digital development with the emergence of Fintech in the field of financial services, one of which is Information Technology-Based Co-Funding services (Peer to Peer (P2P) Lending). The problem on this research is how to protect the information technology-based financial

services sector and the joint funding system through P2P Lending according to the Indonesian laws and regulations, as well as the legal consequences that arise in order to protect consumers. This research uses normative juridical methods with a statutory and a doctrinal approach to legal science using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Arrangements for the implementation of P2P Lending are specific and have

resulted in the centralization of P2P Lending. The legal consequences arising from the detrimental P2P Lending, there is the responsibility from the organizers as business actors to Pemberi danas and Penerima danas who feel aggrieved can be either civil or criminal. Pemberi danas and Penerima danas are expected to be selective in choosing and using P2P Lending so that their rights and obligations can be protected."

"Dalam literatur hukum internasional, kedaulatan negara menjadi pembahasan yang sangat fundamental. Sebagai konsekuensinya, konsep negara yang berdaulat sebagai kesatuan otoritas yang tidak tunduk kepada pihak manapun sehingga menjadi penyangga dalam sistem hukum internasional dengan menjunjung tinggi prinsip non-intervensi dan kesepakatan negara. Struktur konstruksi kedaulatan negara terkait ruang-maya serta bentuk upaya perlindungan negara terhadap masyarakat dalam ruang-maya masih sangat jauh. Pendekatan yang digunakan yakni menggunakan metode kualitatif terhadap analisis data, pendekatan ini merupakan cara yang digunakan dalam penelitian untuk menentukan deskriptif analitis. Konstruksi kedaulatan negara terkait ruang maya yang seharusnya merupakan wujud perlindungan negara terhadap masyarakatnya, justru telah menimbulkan kesempatan baru guna melegitimasi sikap negara untuk melakukan tindakan represif dan sewenang-wenang kepada masyarakatnya dalam menghadapi berbagai tantangan baru dalam ruang maya. Pembangunan hukum meliputi konstitusi dan peraturan perundangan dibawahnya melalui penyempurnaan terkait supremasi hukum dan perumusan undang-undang secara komprehensif diperlukan untuk menjawab dinamika dan kebutuhan hukum masyarakat secara nasional sebagai langkah preventif untuk meminimalisir berkembangnya ancaman baru di dunia maya. Perlunya ruang maya dikuasai langsung oleh negara demi menjaga kedaulatan dalam meminimalisir ancaman kejahatan dari dalam maupun luar batas yurisdiksi negara, termasuk mengaturnya kedalam UUD 1945, namun tentunya perlakuan Negara haruslah sejalan dengan mengedepankan pemenuhan HAM terkait menjamin perlindungan terhadap masyarakat.

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In the literature of international law, state sovereignty becomes a very fundamental discussion. as a consequence, the concept of a sovereign state as a unitary authority that is not subject to any party thus becomes a buffer in the international legal system by upholding the principle of non-intervention and state agreement. the structure of the construction of state sovereignty related to cyberspace as well as the form of state protection efforts against people in cyberspace is still very far away. the approach used is to use qualitative methods of data analysis, this approach is a way used in research to determine descriptive analytical. the construction of state sovereignty related to cyberspace, which should be a form of state protection for its people, has created new opportunities to legitimize the state's attitude to repressive and arbitrary actions to its people in the face of new challenges in cyberspace. the development of the law includes the constitution and the laws under it through improvements related to the supremacy of the law and the formulation of comprehensive laws needed to answer the dynamics and legal needs of the community nationally as a preventive measure to minimize the development of new threats in cyberspace. The need for cyberspace is directly controlled by the state in order to maintain sovereignty in minimizing the threat of crime from within and outside the boundaries of state jurisdiction, including regulating it in the 1945 Constitution, but of course the treatment of the State must be in line with the fulfillment of human rights related to ensuring the protection of the community. "

"Sengketa data pribadi yang terjadi di dalam cyberspace telah menyebabkan konflik kedaulatan dikarenakan mengingat sifat cyberspace yang dapat mengkoneksi berbagai jaringan komunikasi dapat menyebabkan bebeberapa negara berwenang untuk menerapkan yurisdiksinya. Dilihat dari hukum Indonesia sendiri, di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, keberlakuan dari peraturannya diterapkan dengan prinsip Extraterritorial Jurisdiction yang berlaku terhadap setiap orang dan badan hukum apabila merugikan kepentingan nasional Indonesia. Sudah jelas apabila dilihat dari keberlakuan dari peraturan ini tentu sudah dapat diperkirakan akan terjadi konflik yurisdiksi dengan negara lain. Oleh karena itu melalui penulisan ini akan dibahas bagaimana penerapan Yurisdiksi Indonesia dalam sengketa data pribadi yang terjadi di dalam cyberspace melalui upaya-upaya yang memungkinkan.Personal data disputes that occur in cyberspace have caused conflicts of jurisdiction due to the nature of cyberspace it self can connect various of communication networks that can cause several countries capable to apply their jurisdiction. Judging from Indonesian law itself, based on Law Number 11 Year 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, the territorial scope of its regulations is relied on the principle of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in which applies to every person or legal entity if it is detrimental to Indonesia’s national interest. It is clear that when seen from the enactment of this regulation, jurisdictional conflicts with other countries could be happen. Therefore, through this writing, we will discuss how to apply the Indonesian Jurisdiction in regards to personal data dispute that occur in cyberspace through possible efforts."

"Algorithms are a fundamental building block of artificial intelligence - and, increasingly, society - but our legal institutions have largely failed to recognize or respond to this reality. The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of Algorithms, which features contributions from US, EU, and Asian legal scholars, discusses the specific challenges algorithms pose not only to current law, but also - as algorithms replace people as decision makers - to the foundations of society itself. The work includes wide coverage of the law as it relates to algorithms, with chapters analyzing how human biases have crept into algorithmic decision-making about who receives housing or credit, the length of sentences for defendants convicted of crimes, and many other decisions that impact constitutionally protected groups. Other issues covered in the work include the impact of algorithms on the law of free speech, intellectual property, and commercial and human rights law."