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"Latar Belakang: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan yang pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan. Sejak ditetapkan sebagai pandemi oleh WHO hingga 3 Juli 2021 terdapat sebanyak 183.098.615 kasus terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 dengan jumlah kematian sebesar 3.964.145 kasus di seluruh dunia. Secara etiologi COVID-19 disebabkan oleh varian coronavirus baru yang dikenal sebagai SARS-CoV-2. Individu yang terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 sebagian besar mengalami gejala ringan atau asimtomatik. Namun, pada sebagian orang dengan usia lanjut dan mengidap penyakit komorbid manifestasi gejala berat lebih sering ditemui. Salah satu faktor yang berkaitan terhadap manifestasi COVID-19 adalah respons imun host. Molekul sitokin merupakan protein yang berperan untuk mengaktifkan mekanisme perlawanan terhadap virus. Pengetahuan tentang profil imunitas yang diperantarai oleh sitokin dari saluran napas atas masih sangat sedikit sekali yang dipelajari. Penentuan biomarker yang dapat dijadikan penanda keparahan juga perlu untuk diketahui. Metode: Sampel swab NP diperoleh dari pasien terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19. Subjek dibagi menjadi 2 kategori berdasarkan manifestasi COVID-19 gejala ringan dan berat. Kadar sitokin (pg/ml) IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, dan GMCSF dianalisis dari sampel swab NP menggunakan Luminex® assay. Hasil: Faktor demografi seperti usia (p=0,024) dan komorbid (p=0,017) secara signifikan berperan dalam menentukan keparahan gejala pada pasien COVID-19. Kadar (pg/ml) IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, dan GMCSF antara kedua kelompok pasien COVID-19 gejala ringan dan berat tidak berbeda signifikan. Namun demikian, terdapat kecenderungan bahwa kadar (pg/ml) IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, dan GMCSF meningkat pada kelompok pasien COVID-19 gejala berat. Sedangkan, kadar (pg/ml) IL-10 dan IL-17A cenderung menurun pada pasien COVID-19 yang bergejala berat. Selain itu, rasio antara IL-2/IL-10 secara signifikan (p=0,004) lebih tinggi pada pasien COVID-19 gejala berat. Sebanyak 65,7% pasien COVID-19 dengan gejala berat memiliki nilai rasio IL-2/IL-10 yang tinggi. Kesimpulan: Kadar sitokin (pg/ml) IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A dan kemokin GMCSF (pg/ml) dari sampel swab NP dapat terdeteksi menggunakan Luminex® assay. Rasio kadar sitokin IL-2/IL-10 dapat dijadikan sebagai kandidat biomarker keparahan infeksi COVID-19 di masa mendatang.......Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infectious disease. Since the outbreak in Wuhan, COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic by WHO. Data from July 3rd, 2021, showed that there have been 183,098,615 confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 with a death toll of 3,964,145 worldwide. Etiologically COVID-19 is caused by the new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. The majority of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience mild symptoms or even are asymptomatic. However, for some people with older age and having comorbid diseases, severe manifestations are very common. Host immune response is one of the factors which affect disease severity. Playing a vital role in activating the immune system against viruses, cytokine protein can also contribute to the severity. Currently, very little is known about the profile of cytokine-mediated immunity from the upper respiratory tract. This research is aimed to find a potential candidate of biomarkers to predict severity in the early phase of COVID-19 infections.Methods: NP swab samples were obtained from patients who were positively confirmed for COVID-19. Subjects were divided into 2 categories based on the manifestation as mild or severe symptoms of COVID-19. Cytokine levels (pg/ml) of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, and GMCSF were analyzed from NP swab samples using Luminex® assay. Results: Demographic factors such as age (p=0.024) and comorbidities (p=0.017) significantly played a role in determining severity of COVID-19 patients. The levels (pg/ml) of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, and GMCSF between the two groups of patients with mild and severe COVID-19 symptoms were not significantly different. However, there was a tendency that the levels (pg/ml) of IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, and GMCSF to increase in the group of patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms. Meanwhile, levels (pg/ml) of IL-10 and IL-17A tend to decrease in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms. In addition, the ratio of IL-2/IL-10 was significantly (p=0.004) higher in severe COVID-19 patients. A total of 65.7% of COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms had high values of IL-2/IL-10 ratio.Conclusion: Cytokine levels (pg/ml) of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, and GMCSF from NP swab samples can be detected using the Luminex® assay. The ratio of IL-2/IL-10 cytokine levels can be used as a biomarker candidate to predict severity for COVID-19 infection in the future."

"Coronavirus 2 atau SARS-Cov-2 yang sampai saat ini masih berkembang pesat memberikan dampak kepada masyarakat termasuk ibu hamil. Pembatasan sosial skala besar yang diterapkan Pemerintah Indonesia sebagai dampak adanya pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan beberapa tantangan kepada ibu hamil yang salah satunya kecemasan. Periode prenatal yang disertai dengan kecemasan dapat memengaruhi hubungan perlekatan antara ibu dan janin yang dapat bermanifestasi dalam bentuk emosi dan perilaku. Masa pandemi COVID-19 ini tampaknya juga telah mengubah cara interaksi masyarakat dunia dari tatap muka ke bentuk online. Prenatal yoga merupakan intervensi non-farmakologi yang bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan kesehatan fisik dan psikologis selama periode prenatal. Prenatal yoga menjadi strategi yang cocok bagi ibu hamil untuk meningkatkan kesehatan selama pandemi COVID-19 yang dilakukan dalam bentuk kelas online. Desain penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan quasi-experiments (eksperimen semu) yang terbagi menjadi kelompok intervensi sebanyak 56 responden dan kelompok kontrol sebanyak 56 responden. Kelompok intervensi diberikan prenatal yoga online selama 4 sesi dan kelompok kontrol diberikan senam hamil selama 3 sesi. Instrument penelitian ini adalah peneliti itu sendiri sebagai guru prenatal yoga, PRAQ-R2 (pregnancy-related anxiety questionnaire-revised 2) dan MFAS (maternal-fetal attachment). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan MD (95%CI) = 0.256; 0.637 dan p value = 0.000 yang secara statistik ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada pregnancy anxiety sebelum dan sesudah diberikan prenatal yoga online pada kelompok intervensi. Pada kelompok kontrol didapatkan hasil MD (95%CI) = 0.629 dan p value = 0.532 yang secara statistik tidak ada perbedaan pregnancy anxiety sebelum dan sesudah diberikan senam hamil. Selanjutnya, untuk maternal-fetal attachment didapatkan hasil MD (95%CI) = -0.448; -0.195 dan p value = 0.000 yang secara statistik ada perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan prenatal yoga online pada kelompok intervensi. Pada kelompok kontrol didapatkan MD (95%CI) = -0.525; -0.261 dan p value = 0.000 yang secara statistik ada perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan senam hamil pada kelompok kontrol. Prenatal yoga online merupakan bagian dari terapi komplementer yang juga merupakan bagian salah satu intervensi pendekatan non-farmakologi di dalam asuhan keperawatan yang dapat diterapkan oleh perawat maternitas klinis......Coronavirus 2 or SARS-Cov-2, which is still growing rapidly and has an impact on society, including pregnant women. The large-scale social restrictions imposed by the Indonesian government as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic have caused several challenges for pregnant women, one of which is anxiety. The prenatal period with anxiety may affect the attachment relationship between mother and fetus which may manifest in the form of emotions and behavior. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way the world community interacts from face-to-face to online. Prenatal yoga is a non-pharmacological intervention that is beneficial in improving physical and psychological health during the pregnancy period. Prenatal yoga is a suitable strategy for pregnant women to improve health during the COVID-19 pandemic which can be done in the form of online classes. The research design was carried out using a quasi-experiments approach, which was divided into an intervention group of 56 respondents and a control group of 56 respondents. The group was given online prenatal yoga intervention for 4 sessions and the control group was given pregnancy exercise for 3 sessions. The research instrument is the researcher himself as a prenatal yoga teacher, PRAQ-R2 (pregnancy-related anxiety question-revised 2) and MFAS (maternal-fetal attachment). The results of this study showed MD (95%CI) = 0.256; 0.637 and p value = 0.000 which is statistically significant difference in pregnancy anxiety before and after being given prenatal yoga online in the intervention group. In the control group, the results of MD (95% CI) = 0.629 and p value = 0.532 statistically there was no difference in pregnancy anxiety before and after being given pregnancy exercise. Furthermore, for maternal-fetal attachment the results obtained MD (95%CI) = -0.448; -0.195 and p value = 0.000 which statistically significant difference before and after being given prenatal yoga online in the intervention group. In the control group, MD (95%CI) = -0.525; -0.261 and p value = 0.000 which is statistically significant difference before and after being given pregnancy exercise in the control group. Online prenatal yoga is part of complementary therapy which is also part of a non-pharmacological approach in nursing care that may be applied by clinical maternity nurses."

"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan sebuah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Penyakit yang berasal dari Provinsi Hubei di China ini sudah menyebar ke seluruh dunia, menjangkiti banyak hingga seluruh negara di dunia. Sudah menginfeksi kurang lebih 400 juta jiwa di seluruh dunia pada pertengahan kuartal pertama tahun 2022. Mencegah penyebaran COVID-19 merupakan tindakan yang harus segera dilakukan, salah satu caranya adalah dengan pendeteksian sedini mungkin. Pendeteksian COVID-19 selain menggunakan metode kedokteran, dapat dipertimbangkan mengenai penggunaan artificial intelligence. Penelitian mengenai metode pendeteksian COVID-19 menggunakan citra X-Ray yang telah dilakukan oleh Dhita menuai hasil yang cukup sukses. Menambahkan penelitian tersebut, kami melakukan metode pendeteksian menggunakan citra CT Scan. Beberapa penelitian mengenai pendeteksian COVID-19 menggunakan citra CT Scan seperti Tang et al. meneliti mengenai segmentasi citra CT Scan terhadap daerah local lesi terindikasi COVID-19 atau Pneumonia. Rahimzadeh, Attar, and S. M. Sakhaei juga melakukan penelitian sebelumnya mengenai pengklasifikasian pasien COVID-19 menggunakan citra CT Scan dengan mendapatkan hasil 90% akurasi dengan menggunakan metode FPN.......Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This disease which originates from the Hubei Province in China has already spread throughout the world, reaching many if not all countries in the world. There have been more than 400 million people infected across the globe as of the first quarter of 2022. Prevention of the spreading of the disease is very important, and one of the best ways to do so is to detect its infection as soon as possible. Aside from asking a doctor, the task of detecting COVID-19 using artificial intelligence has been considered. The research done by Dhita to detect COVID-19 using X-ray images has been seen as a success. Adding to that, we attempt to detect COVID-19 using CT Scan images. A couple research papers about detecting COVID-19 using CT Scan images such as the ones done by Tang et al. tried to segment CT Scan images related to the lesions that indicate COVID-19 or Pneumonia. Rahimzadeh, Attar, and S. M. Sakhaei also conducted research related to classifying COVID-19 patients using CT Scan images and found success at 90% accuracy with an FPN model."

"COVID-19 adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Hingga saat ini kasus COVID-19 semakin bertambah. Meskipun kasus sembuh mencapai angka 96%, hal tersebut harus tetap diwaspadai karena sebagai penyintas masih dapat mengalami gejala yang menetap atau biasa disebut Long COVID. Long Coronavirus Disease (Long COVID) atau Post Acute COVID adalah kondisi pasca infeksi COVID-19 yang berkepanjangan setelah 4 minggu timbulnya gejala awal. Long COVID menjadi ancaman serius bagi para penyintas COVID-19 karena gejala yang menetap dapat membawa dampak buruk dan menganggu aktivitas penderitanya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui factor-faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian Long COVID pada penyintas COVID-19 di Kota Sukabumi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional, pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara online. Penelitian ini diikuti oleh 267 rseponden dengan kriteria inklusi sudah sembuh dari COVID-19, berdomisili di Kota Sukabumi, dan usia minimal 18 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukan proporsi kejadian Long COVID sebesar 47% dengan gejala yang paling sering adalah mudah Lelah (30,7%), sulit berkonsentrasi (14,98%), dan mudah lupa (13,86%). Analisis bivariat menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubugan antara tingkat gejala (P value = 0,001), jenis perawatan (P value = 0,002), dan perokok pasif (P value = 0,020) dengan kejadian Long COVID. Lalu tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara karakteristik sosiodemografi, status vaksinasi, status merokok, derajat rokok, dan kondisi penyerta.......COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Until now, COVID-19 cases are increasing. Although the number of recovered cases reached 96%, this must still be watched out for because survivors can still experience persistent symptoms or commonly known as Long COVID. Long Coronavirus Disease (Long COVID) or Post Acute COVID is defined as persisten symptoms and/or delayed or long term complications beyond 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms. Long COVID is a serious condition to COVID-19 survivors because persistent symptoms can have a negative impact and disrupt the sufferer's activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affecting the incidence of Long COVID in COVID-19 survivors in Sukabumi City. This study used a cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out by distributing online questionnaires. This study was conducted by 267 respondents with inclusion criteria are having recovered from COVID-19, domiciled in Sukabumi City, and a minimum age of 18 years. The results showed the proportion of the incidence of Long COVID was 47% with the most frequent symptoms are tiredness or fatigue (30.7%), difficulty concentrating (14.98%), and forgetful (13.86%). Bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between symptom level (P value = 0.001), type of treatment (P value = 0.002), and passive smoking (P value = 0.020) with the incidence of Long COVID. There is no significant relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, vaccination status, smoking status, smoking degree, and comorbidity,"