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Abstrak :
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh kejelasan persepsi kelompok penjual jamu gendong dari Solo yang bermukim di Tambun terhadap penggunaan lendir bekicot sebagai bahan pengobatan alternatif untuk "menyembuhkan" sakit pada gigi berlubang dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menghambat pemanfaatan fasilitas kesehatan gigi bagi kelompok ini. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian adalah Desa Mangunjaya Tambun - Bekasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dua kali Fokus Group Diskusi ( FGD ) dan wawancara mendalam (indepth interview ) terhadap dua orang penjual jamu gendong. Hasil yang diperoleh mengungkapkan bahwa kelompok penjual jamu gendong dari Solo ini yakin bahwa lendir bekicot berkhasiat untuk menyembuhkan rasa sakit akibat gigi berlubang, Menurut mereka, hanya dengan satu atau dua kali pemakaian, lendir bekicot mampu menghilangkan rasa sakit yang semula mengganggu aktifitas. Bahkan diungkapkan bahwa sakit gigi tersebut tidak pernah kambuh kembali. Dengan keuntungan yang diperoleh dari penggunaan lendir bekicot sperti misalnya rasa sakit segera reda setelah pemakaian, tidak kambuhnya rasa sakit di hari-hari berikutnya, tidak membutuhkan biaya dan mudah didapat, maka rasa amis yang dikeluarkan oleh lendir bekicot itu dapat mereka abaikan. Dapat dilihat pula bahwa pada kelompok ini sikap kekerabatan mempengaruhi kepercayaan mereka dalam perawatan penyakit dan tampaknya pandangan mereka tentang penyebab sakit gigi akibat gigi berlubang ini sejalan dengan teori naturalistik, disamping itu didapati sifat etnosentris yang kuat dalam kelompok ini menjadi salah satu faktor yang menghambat pemanfaatan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi.

Abstrak :

ABSTRAK
Nama : Karmellia Nikke Darnesti
Program Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat
Judul : Analisis Kinerja Unit Pelayanan Gigi Puskesmas Kelurahan di
Wilayah Kecamatan Koja Jakarta Utara Tahun 2018
Pembimbing : Prastuti Soewondo, S.E., MPH., Ph.D
Lebih dari 50% penduduk di Indonesia memiliki permasalahan gigi dan mulut, ironisnya
berdasarkan Riskesdas 2018, hanya sekitar 10% yang mampu mendapat akses ke layanan
kesehatan gigi. Rifaskes 2011 mengindikasikan cakupan program usaha kesehatan gigi
berbasis masyarakat di puskesmas masih sangat rendah, termasuk di wilayah DKI Jakarta.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian atas kinerja unit pelayanan gigi
puskesmas kelurahan di wilayah Kecamatan Koja. Pendekatan wawancara mendalam,
observasi, dan telaah dokumen dilakukan pada dua jenis unit pelayanan gigi yang ada di
puskesmas kelurahan wilayah Kecamatan Koja. Terdapat dua skema, yaitu Pola I yang
memiliki dokter gigi saja dan Pola III memiliki dokter gigi dan terapis gigi. Hasil
penelitian menyatakan bahwa unit pelayanan gigi pola III memiliki kinerja pelayanan gigi
yang lebih baik karena dapat menangani lebih banyak pasien dan tindakan, serta dapat
memenuhi program Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah (UKGS) dan Upaya Kesehatan Gigi
Masyarakat (UKGM). Sebaliknya, unit pelayanan gigi pola I hanya dapat memenuhi
program UKGS dan menangani jumlah pasien yang lebih sedikit. Adanya kompetisi
waktu antara program kesehatan gigi masyarakat dan poli gigi membuat dokter gigi
kesulitan memenuhi semua pelayanan gigi. Pelaksanaan program UKGS maupun UKGM
yang dipenuhi hanya terbatas pada penyuluhan singkat dan pemeriksaan sederhana yang
dilaksanakan sekedar memenuhi target. Akibatnya, permasalahan gigi dapat terus
berkembang menjadi penyakit yang semakin parah dan membutuhkan perawatan lebih
kompleks. Hasil kajian juga menguak bahwa tindakan mayoritas, yaitu mumifikasi,
kurang sesuai dengan standar perawatan yang dibutuhkan karena keterbatasan sumber
daya. Disamping itu, tugas manajemen puskesmas ternyata menambah beban kerja dokter
gigi dan mempengaruhi kinerja unit pelayanan gigi. Kolaborasi dokter gigi dengan terapis
gigi akan meningkatkan kinerja unit pelayanan gigi karena dapat mengakomodasi
kenaikan permintaan pelayanan, membantu melaksanakan semua upaya kesehatan gigi,
dan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan dalam era Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN).
Kata kunci: kinerja, pelayanan gigi, puskesmas, dokter gigi, terapis gigi

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ABSTRACT
Name : Karmellia Nikke Darnesti
Study Program : Public Health Science
Title : Analysis of Dental Medical Unit Performance in Puskesmas
Kelurahan at Koja District North Jakarta 2018
Counsellor : Prastuti Soewondo, S.E., MPH., Ph.D
More than 50% of the population in Indonesia were reported to have dental problems,
ironically based on Riskesdas 2018, only around 10% are able to get access to dental
services. Rifaskes 2011 has indicated the coverage of the community-based oral health
program at the Puskesmas is quietly low, even in the DKI Jakarta. This study aims to
analyze the performance of the dental medical unit at the puskesmas kelurahan in Koja
District area. The approach is through in-depth interviews, observations, and document
studies were carried out on two types of dental medical units that mostly be divided into
Pattern I with only dentist and Pattern III which have dentist and dental therapist. The
results of the study indicated that Pattern III had higher dental service performance
primarily because it could handle more patients and type of treatments also could carry
out School-based Oral Health (UKGS) and Community-based Oral Health (UKGM)
programs. In contrast, Pattern I only fulfill the UKGS program and handle fewer patients.
Clash of time between community-based program and dental poly makes it difficult for
dentists to fulfill all dental services. The implementation of the UKGS and UKGM
programs which only brief counseling and screening tended merely meet the targets so
that dental problems become more severe then require more complex treatments. The
study also revealed that the mummification, which were among the most frequent
treatment, were not in accordance with the standard of care due to limited resources. In
addition, management duties within puskesmas adds further workload of dentists and
influenced the performance of dental service. Dentist collaboration with dental therapist
will improve the performance of the dental service, allowing them to accommodate the
increase in demand, support implementation of all dental health efforts, and improve
dental service quality in the era of National Health Insurance (JKN).
Keywords : dental services; performance; puskesmas; dentist; dental therapist

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: SIK sebagai bahan restorasi memiliki kemampuan untuk berikatan secara kimiawi terhadap struktur gigi dan kemampuan melepaskan fluoride sehingga cocok digunakan pada pasien dengan risiko karies tinggi namun memiliki kekuatan mekanis yang buruk. Modifikasi bahan restorasi SIK melalui penggabungan dengan bahan bioaktif untuk mendapatkan manfaat seperti meningkatnya sifat mekanis, sifat antibakteri dan potensi remineralisasi telah di sebutkan pada beberapa literatur penelitian. Pada studi ini, bubuk carboxymetyl-chitosan (CMC) ditambahkan pada komponen bubuk dari SIK konvensional. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh modifikasi material semen ionomer kaca (SIK) dengan carboxymetyl-chitosan (CMC) terhadap Kekuatan kompresi dan morfologi permukaan. Metode: Tiga puluh lubang pada cetakan akrilik silindris Diameter 4 mm tinggi 8 mm diisi dengan material SIK (FUJI IX, GC corp, Japan), modifikasi SIK dengan CMC 5% dan 10% yang di campurkan pada komponen bubuk SIK. Sampel dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol SIK (n=10) dan kelompok SIK-CMC 5% (n=10) serta kelompok SIK-CMC 10% (n=10). Kekuatan kompresi diukur dengan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (Tensilon RTG-10Kn, A&D, Japan) dan dihitung dengan rumus KK= P/(πr2) dimana P adalah beban maksimum dan r adalah radius dari spesimen. Data dianalisis dengan analisis statistik menggunakan One-Way ANOVA dan Post hoc Bonferroni (p<0,5). Morfologi permukaan material modifikasi SIK-CMC dan kontrol di amati dengan menggunakan Scanning Electronic Microscope (EVO MA-0, Zeiss, Germany). Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok modifikasi SIK-CMC 5% dan SIK-CMC 10% dengan kelompok kontrol (One-Way ANOVA; p<0,05). Berdasarkan uji Post Hoc Bonferroni (p<0,5) terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna Kekuatan kompresi pada material modifikasi SIK-CMC 5 % dan SIK-CMC 10% dengan kelompok kontrol SIK. Modifikasi SIK dengan CMC mempengaruhi perubahan morfologi berupa berkurangnya porusitas dan bertambahnya permukan retakan seiring dengan penambahan persentase CMC. Kesimpulan: Modifikasi SIK dengan Penambahan CMC Mengurangi kekuatan kompresi dengan rerata hasil paling rendah pada penambahan CMC 10%. Porusitas permukaan material modifikasi SIK dengan penambahan CMC memiliki kecenderungan berkurang dan bertambahnya permukaan retakan yang melebar seiring dengan penambahan persentase CMC. ......Background: GIC as a restorative material has the ability to chemically bond to the structure of teeth and the ability to release fluoride so that it is suitable for use in patients with a high caries risk but has poor mechanical strength. Modification of GIC restorative materials with combination with bioactive materials to obtain benefits such as increasing mechanical properties, antibacterial properties and remineralization potential has been mentioned in some research literature. In this study, Carboxymethyl-chitosan (CMC) is added to the powder phase of conventional GIC to increase the compressive strength. Objective: to analyze the influence of modified GIC with the addition of CMC on compressive strength and surface morphology. Methods: Thirty holes in a cylindrical acrylic mold, each hole has a diameter of 4 mm and thickness of 8 mm, were filled with conventional GIC restorative material (FUJI IX, GC corp, Japan), modified GIC with 5% CMC and 10% CMC added in the powder phase. The samples were divided into 3 groups: control group GIC (n=10), GIC-CMC 5% group (n=10) and GIC-CMC 10% group (n=10). The compressive strength measurement performed with Universal testing machine (Tensilon RTG-10Kn, A&D, Japan), and were calculated according to the following equation: CS= P/(πr2) Where P is the maximum load and r is the radius of the cylinder-shaped specimen Statistical analysis was done by One-Way ANOVA and Post hoc Bonferroni (p<0.05). The surface morphology of the material modification of GIC-CMC and control group was observed using the Scanning Electronic Microscope (EVO MA-0, Zeiss, Germany). Results: There is a significant difference between the GIC-CMC 5% and GIC-CMC 10% modification groups and the control group (One-Way ANOVA; p<0.05). Based on the Post Hoc Bonferroni (p<0.5) test there is a significant difference in compressive strength in SIK-CMC modification materials of 5% and SIK-CMC of 10% with the SIK control group. Modification of SIK with CMC affects morphological changes in the form of reduced porosity and increased fractures along with the addition of CMC percentage. Conclusion: Modification of GIC with CMC addition reduces compressive strength with the lowest average yield at 10% CMC addition. The surface porusity of SIK modification material with the addition of CMC tends to decrease and increase the surface of cracks that widen along with the addition of CMC percentage.

Abstrak :
Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) pose a significant dental problem for children and adolescents. Affected teeth are discolored, often sensitive and prone to fracture or wear easily, increasing the risk of dental caries. Furthermore, they are often very difficult to restore because conventional dental materials do not bond effectively to the defective enamel. Clinically, affected individuals have heightened levels of dental anxiety making management challenging and stressful for the child, parent and clinician alike. This book discusses the epidemiology and etiology of DDE, including defects of both primary and permanent teeth, associated syndromes, Molar Incisor Hypomineralization and more generalized genetic defects. The structure and mechanical properties of affected enamel are discussed particularly in relation to clinical behavior. The signs and symptoms that allow accurate diagnosis are outlined and management protocols described. The clinical chapters are well illustrated, providing clear, evidence based guidelines where appropriate. Importantly the impact of living with DDE is explored from the young person?s perspective. These insights challenge the dental profession to seek improved understanding of the condition and to develop new management strategies. Avenues for future research are identified that may help the profession rise to this challenge and to better meet the needs and expectations of future generations of children and adolescents.

Abstrak :
"Fully revised and updated to reflect changes in clinical practice, legislation and regulation, this textbook intertwines the subjects of dental hygiene and dental therapy to provide a comprehensive resource for students of these courses, as well as those studying new degree programmes in oral health science. Following course developments and an expansion in the remits of both hygienists and therapists, this book is written not only for students, but also as a revision aid for those already in practice. Interactive questions on a companion website allow the reader to test their knowledge and understanding. The opening section of the book is dedicated to relevant oral sciences: anatomy; histology; embryology; oral medicine and pathology. The clinical section contains fourteen chapters which provide coverage of the core syllabus for dental hygiene and therapy. The final section is dedicated to primary dental care services and law, ethics and professionalism."--Publisher.