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"Nilai normal profil jaringan lunak fasial orang Indonesia belum banyak diketahui, padahal nilai ini diperlukan sebagai pedoman untuk menegakkan diagnosis dan menentukan rencana perawatan pada koreksi kelainan dentofasial.Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari nilai sefalometri radiografik profil jaringan lunak fasial dari sefalogram pasien orang Indonesia yang datang ke-Bagian Ortodonsi F.K.G-U.I.Subyek yang diteliti berupa 52 foto sefalometri radiografik lateral, terdiri dari 26 foto sefalometri pasien laki-laki dan 26 foto sefalometri pasien perempuan berumur 9- 17 tahun, bangsa Indonesia, hubungan gigi molar Kelas I Angie, jarak gigit: 2 - 4 mm, tumpang gigit: 2 - 4 mm, sudut ANB: 0° - 4° serta belum pernah dirawat ortodonsi. Dari setiap subyek diukur 20 variabel, meliputi 12 variabel memakai metode analisis sefalometri Holdaway, 4 variabel memakai metode analisis sefalometri Merrifield, masing-masing 2 variabel memakai metode analisis sefalometri Steiner dan Ricketts. Hasil pengukuran yang berupa ukuran angular dan linear pasien laki-laki kemudian diperbandingkan dengan ukuran pasien perempuan untuk dilihat perbedaannya.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa profil jaringan lunak fasial baik pada pasien laki-laki maupun pasien perempuan adalah cembung. Laki-laki lebih cembung dari perempuan. Bibir atas laki-laki lebih protrusif sedangkan bibir bawah dan ketebalan dagu relatif sama di-antara ke-duanya.Besar sudut H jaringan lunak, sudut H jaringan skeletal, ketebalan basis bibir atas, sudut Z, sudut Z-1, total tebal dagu dan jarak bibir atas terhadap garis S antara laki-laki dan perempuan berbeda secara bermakna. Sedangkan variabel-variabel profit jaringan lunak fasial lainnya ada perbedaan, tetapi tidak bermakna.Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa keadaan protrusif pada profit jaringan lunak fasial pasien orang Indonesia yang datang ke-Bagian Ortodonsi F.K.G-U.I. adalah normal. Dibandingkan ras lain (Jepang, Gina, Kaukasoidi, kelompok orang Indonesia yang diteliti tersebut mempunyai profil yang lebih protrusif. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan resesi dagu dan inkiinasi altar gigi anterior yang lebih protrusif pada kelompok orang Indonesia yang diteliti.

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Normal value of the facial soft tissue of the Indonesian people has not much been known, but this value is an essential factor to determine diagnosis and plan dento-facial abnormalities correction treatment.

This research is meant to seek cephalometry radiographic value of facial soft tissue profile on a group of Indonesian people that came to the Orthodontia Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia.

The research subject consist of 52 lateral cephalometry radiographic photos composing 26 cephalometry photos of men and 26 cephalometry photos of women aged 9 to 17 years, Indonesian, molar teeth relation Class I Angle, over-bite: 2 - 4 mm, over-jet: 2 - 4 mm. ANB angle: 0 - 4 degrees and have not been treated orthodontially. As much as 20 variables are measured from each subject. Cephalometry Holdaway analysis method is used on 12 variables, cephalometry Merrifield analysis method is used on 4 variables and cephalometry Steiner and Ricketts analysis method is used on the remaining 2 variables.

The measurement result, which is in the shape of angular and linear men measurement and then compared with women measurement to see the difference. The result of this research shows that both men and women facial soft tissue profile appears to be convex. Men have more convexity than women, men's upper lip are more protrusive but the lower lip and the thickness of the chin is relatively the same in both sex. The size of H angle in soft tissue, H angle in skeletal tissue, the thickness of upper lip, upper lip tension measurement, Z angle, Z-7 angle, total chin thickness and upper lip distance toward "5" line on men and women have significant difference. Differences are also found in other facial soft tissue variables but not significantly.

In general we can conclude that the protrusion degree of facial soft tissue on the group of Indonesian people which came to the Orthodontia Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, is normal. Compared with other races (Japanese, Chinese and Caucasoid), the profile of the analyzed group of Indonesian people is more protrusive, it may be caused by the chin recession and the inclination of the anterior tooth that are more protrusive on the analyzed group of Indonesian people."

"Belum ada prosedur baku sentrifugasi untuk pemisahan protein. Dilaporkan bahwa sentrifugasi 10.000 g dapat memisahkan protein saliva ≥30 kDa. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan sentrifugasi 7.000 g, 8.000 g, dan 9.000 g terhadap frekuensi kemunculan dan profil protein saliva ≥30 kDa. Metode: Profil protein supernatan saliva hasil sentrifugasi diuji dengan SDS-PAGE Hasil: Frekuensi kemunculan protein ≥30 kDa mengalami penurunan sesuai peningkatan kecepatan sentrifugasi. Terdapat perbedaan profil protein antara hasil sentrifugasi 7.000 g, 8.000 g, dan 9.000 g. Kesimpulan: Kecepatan sentrifugasi 7.000 g, 8.000 g, dan 9.000 g berpengaruh terhadap frekuensi kemunculan dan profil protein ≥30 kDa.

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There are no established standard operational procedure of centrifugation for protein separation. Centrifugation at 10.000 g separates salivary protein ≥30 kDa.

Objective: To determine the effect of centrifugation at 7.000 g, 8.000 g, and 9.000 g on the frequency of salivary protein emergence and protein profile ≥30 kDa.

Method: Salivary supernatant were analyzed with SDS-PAGE.

Results: Increased centrifugation speed resulted in decreased frequency of protein ≥30 kDa. There are differences in the protein profiles between the results of each centrifugation.

Conclusion: Centrifugation at 7.000 g, 8.000 g,and 9.000 g influence frequency of salivary protein emergence and protein profiles ≥30 kDa."

"Konsumsi jus jeruk terus meningkat dengan kehadiran jus jeruk dalam kemasan. Belum banyak penelitian yang dilakukan mengenai efek jus ini dibanding jus jeruk segar terhadap gigi. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan penurunan pH plak setelah konsumsi jus jeruk kemasan dan jus jeruk segar. Metode: Subjek diberikan 3 perlakuan: mengonsumsi jus jeruk kemasan, jus jeruk segar, jus lemon segar. Nilai pH plak kemudian diukur setelah 1-30 menit. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna penurunan nilai pH plak 1-10 menit setelah konsumsi jus jeruk kemasan, jus jeruk segar, jus lemon segar Kesimpulan: Penurunan pH plak setelah konsumsi jus jeruk kemasan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan jus jeruk segar.

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Orange juice consumption has been increased with the presence of commercially orange juice. There had been little study about the effect of this juice compared to fresh fruit juice on human teeth.

Objective: To know the difference of pH dental plaque reduction, after consumption of commercially orange juice and fresh orange juice.

Methods: Subjects were given three treatments: consuming commercially orange juice, fresh orange juice, and fresh lemon juice. pH dental plaque was measured after 1-30 minutes

Results: The difference of pH dental plaque reduction is statistically significant after 1-10 minutes consuming commercially orange juice, fresh orange juice, fresh lemon juice.

Conclusion: The reduction of pH dental plaque was greater after consumption of commercially orange juice than after fresh orange juice."

"[Trauma pada regio maksilofasial memiliki dampak secara fisik kepada pasien. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan penatalaksanaan yang lebih baik dalam reposisi dan fiksasi pada fragmen tulang. Imobilisasi diperoleh dengan menggunakan fixation plate dan screw. Bahan plate dan screw yang dianggap berpotensi untuk digunakan adalah magnesium (Mg) dan dianggap merupakan bahan logam yang baik karena kompatibilitasnya, dapat diresorbsi oleh tubuh manusia dan menstimulasi pertumbuhan tulang. Saat ini penggunaan magnesium masih terbentur oleh kecepatan biodegradasi yang perlu dikontrol sehingga dapat sesuai dengan kecepatan penyembuhan jaringan tubuh. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan metode equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Sel osteoblas berperan membentuk tulang baru dalam proses regenerasi, apabila terjadi fraktur pada tulang. Reaksi jaringan dilihat dengan menginvestigasi respon sel osteoblas terhadap pajanan Mg ECAP dengan melihat produksi/ekspresi faktor pertumbuhan seperti TGFβ-1 dan BMP-2. Metode: kultur sel osteoblas manusia (MG63) dalam jumlah yang cukup, dibagi dalam dua kelompok: kelompok 1 dipajankan dengan Mg murni dan kelompok 2 dipajankan dengan Mg ECAP. Pada hari ke-1, 3, 7 dan 14 setelah pemajanan dilakukan pemeriksaan ekspresi TGFβ-1 dan BMP-2 terhadap kedua kelompok. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada ekspresi TGFβ-1 dan BMP-2 pada kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Logam Mg memiliki sifat yang menguntungkan apabila bahan logam tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai bahan biomaterial pada kasus fraktur oral dan maksilofasial. Penggunaan Mg sebagai material plate dan screw cukup baik karena dapat diresorbsi oleh tubuh manusia dan menstimulasi pertumbuhan tulang., Maxillofacial trauma have a physical impact on the patient. Therefore, it needs a better management of the repositioning and fixation of the bone fragments. Immobilization obtained using plate and screw fixation . Materials plate and screw are considered potentially to be used is magnesium ( Mg ) and is considered a good metal because of its compatibility, can be resorbed by the human body and stimulates bone growth. Currently the use of magnesium was restricted by biodegradation speed that needs to be controlled so as to match the speed of the tissue healing. One way is by the method of equal channel angular pressing ( ECAP ). Osteoblasts form new bone plays a role in the regeneration process, if there is a fracture in the bone. Investigation on the tissue reaction is seen with the osteoblast cell response to exposure to Mg ECAP by examining the production/expression of growth factors such as TGFβ-1 and BMP-2. Methods : cell culture of human osteoblast (MG63), divided into two groups : group 1 were exposed to pure Mg and group 2 were exposed to Mg ECAP. On day 1, 3, 7 and 14 after exposure, we examined the expression of TGFβ-1 and BMP-2 at the two groups. The results showed significant differences in the expression of TGFβ-1 and BMP-2 in both groups. Conclusion : Mg has favorable properties when the metal material was used as a biomaterial in oral and maxillofacial fractures. The use of Mg ECAP as a plate and screw material is quite good because it can be resorbed by the human body and stimulates bone growth.]"

"[Latar Belakang:Stres dapat diimplikasikan sebagai faktor risiko terhadap penyakit periodontal, yang dapat dilihat melalui kadar Interleukin-1β (IL-1 β). Tujuan: Menganalisa hubungan stres akademik terhadap status penyakit periodontal berdasarkan kadar IL-1β pada mahasiswa FKG UI program profesi. Material dan metode:Pemeriksaan Dental Environtmental Stress (DES), indeks periodontal (indeks modifikasi Russel), dan kadar IL-1β dengan ELISA assay terhadap 38 subjek. Hasil:Perbedaan bermakna pada hubungan antara status penyakit periodontal dengan kadar IL-1βmahasiswa profesi dokter gigiFKG UIKesimpulan:Terdapat hubungan antara status penyakit periodontal dengan kadar IL-1β, namun hubungannya dengan stres akademik belum dapat dibuktikan., Introduction: Stress condition was implicated as one of risk factor to periodontal disease, that can be assesed by Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level.Objectives: To analyzethe relationship between academical stress to periodontal status and IL-1β. Material and methods: 38 subjects were measuredfor perceived stress using The Dental Environment Stress (DES); periodontal condition using modified Russel periodontal index, and level of IL-1β in GCFusing ELISA assay.Results:A significant differences was only showed in the relationship between IL-1βto periodontal status. Conclusion:There is a relationship between IL-1β level to periodontal status, but not to academic stress.]"

"[Latar Belakang: Hormon kortisol dalam cairan krevikular gingiva belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan stres akademik terhadap status penyakit periodontal melalui kadar kortisol pada mahasiswa program spesialis FKG UI. Material dan metode: Pemeriksaan Graduate Dental Environtmental Stress (GDES), indeks periodontal (indeks periodontal modifikasi Russel), dan kadar kortisol dengan ELISA assay terhadap 38 subjek. Hasil : Tidak terdapat hubungan antara stres akademik dengan kadar kortisol (p=0,431), stres akademik dengan status penyakit periodontal (p=0,727), dan kadar kortisol dengan status penyakit periodontal mahasiswa spesialis FKG UI (p=0,347), Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara stres akademik dengan status penyakit periodontal melalui kadar kortisol., Background : Relationship between stress and periodontitis with cortisol hormone in crevicular gingival fluid have not been studied. Objective : Analyzed relationship between academical stress spesialist students to periodontal status in relation to level of cortisol hormone in gingival crevicular fluid. Material and Methods : 38 subjects examined stress by Graduate Dental Environment Stress; periodontal condition by modified Russel periodontal index, levels of hormone cortisol by ELISA. Result : Relationship between stress and periodontitis (p=0,727), stress and cortisol hormone (p=0,431), cortisol hormone and periodontitis (p=0,347) were not significant. Conclution : No relationship between stress, periodontitis, and level of cortisol hormone.]"

"Clinical Research in Oral Health surveys the essentials of clinical research in oral health, anchoring these principles within the specific context of the oral health arena. Addressing research questions exclusively applicable to dentistry and oral health, the book thoroughly illustrates the principles and practice of oral health clinical research. Clinical Research in Oral Health also clarifies the framework of regulatory issues and presents emerging concepts in clinical translation, relating the research principles to clinical improvemen"