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Abstrak :
Hingga saat ini stigma negatif dari masyarakat masih melekat pada kaum homoseksual. Faktor sosial ini bisa berdampak pada timbulnya depresi pada homoseksual. Di sisi lain, dukungan sosial dari orang-orang di lingkungannya dapat berperan dalam menurunkan resiko mengalami depresi bagi homoseksual. Untuk mengetahui apakah memang seorang homoseksual dengan tingkat gejala depresi yang rendah memiliki dukungan sosial yang tinggi, peneliti mengangkat permasalahan tersebut di dalam penelitian ini. Pengukuran persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial menggunakan alat ukur social provision scale (Cutrona & Russell, 1975) dan pengukuran depresi menggunakan alat ukur Beck depression inventory (Beck dkk., 1971). Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 125 homoseksual yang berusia 20 ? 40 tahun dan berdomisili di kota-kota di Pulau Jawa dan luar Pulau Jawa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial dan depresi pada homoseksual (r = - 0.502; p < 0.01). Artinya, semakin tinggi persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial seseorang, maka semakin rendah gejala depresi yang dialaminya. Selain itu, didapatkan hasil perbedaan mean persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial dan depresi yang signifikan yang dikaitkan dengan orientasi homoseksual dan status hubungan romantis. Dengan kata lain, kelompok partisipan lesbian dan partisipan yang berpacaran memiliki nilai mean persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan, sedangkan partisipan gay dan partisipan yang tidak berpacaran memiliki nilai mean depresi yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan. Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan mean persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial dan depresi yang signifikan yang dikaitkan dengan keikutsertaan dalam komunitas LGBT. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya yang serupa disarankan menggunakan dimensi-dimensi persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial agar dapat diketahui secara spesifik dimensi mana yang paling dibutuhkan partisipan. ......Nowadays, the negative community stigmas are still inherent to homosexuals. These social factors can have an impact on the incidence of depression in a homosexual. On the other hand, social support of people in their environment can play a role in lowering the risk of experiencing depression for homosexuals. To find out if indeed a homosexual with a low level of depression symptoms has high socials support, researchers raised these problems in this research. This Perceived social support measurement using gauge Social Provision Scale (Cutrona & Russell, 1975) and depression measurement using gauge Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1971). Research participants totaled 125 homosexuals aged 20-40 years and domiciled in cities in Java and outside Java. The results of this research show there are significant negative relationship between perceived social support and depression in homosexuals (r =-0.502; p < 0.01). This means the higher of perceived social support, the lower the symptoms of depression of homosexuals. In addition, the obtained results mean difference of perception of social support and depression are significantly associated with homosexual orientation and romantic relationship status. In other words, the lesbian participants and participants who are dating have a mean value of the perception of social support was significantly higher, whereas participants who are not gay and dating participants had a mean depression is significantly higher. However, there are no mean differences in perceptions of social support and depression are significantly associated with participation in the LGBT community. For further research are advised to use the similar dimensions to perceptions of social support in order to be known specifically where the dimension is most needed participants.

Abstrak :

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengonfirmasi keterkaitan obesitas akibat diet tinggi lemak serta fruktosa dan pemberian ekstrak etanol C. asiatica (CA) terhadap kemunculan depression-like behavior. Parameter penelitian meliputi kadar IL-6 hipokampus sebagai penanda neuroinflamasi, kadar BDNF, serta protein sinaptik PSD-95 dan SYN1 pada region of interest (ROI) hipokampus, yaitu CA1, CA2, dan DG. Evaluasi tingkah laku dilakukan dengan instrumen Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), dan Forced Swim Test (FST). Tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan dibagi menjadi empat kelompok dengan kombinasi DTLF dan pemberian CA. DTLF berkontribusi dengan sangat signifikan (p < 0,0001) terhadap perbedaan kadar IL-6 antar kelompok, namun tidak dengan pemberian CA. Neuroinflamasi tidak terbukti dan pemberian CA cenderung tidak memperbaiki kondisi tersebut. Efek negatif obesitas akibat DTLF ditunjukkan pada rendahnya kadar BDNF kelompok obesitas (p < 0,0001), dimana kelompok tersebut juga cenderung memiliki PSD-95 dan SYN1 yang lebih rendah pada sebagian besar ROI hipokampus. Perbedaan PSD-95 paling signifikan ditemukan pada area dentate gyrus (p < 0,0001). Pemberian CA cenderung memperbaiki kadar BDNF, SYN1 pada seluruh ROI, serta PSD-95 hanya pada area CA1 dan CA2. Depression-like behavior secara deskriptif muncul akibat obesitas akibat DTLF pada seluruh uji, dan pemberian CA cenderung memperbaikinya yang dibuktikan pada instrumen OFT dan EPM. ......This study aims to confirm the relationship between obesity caused by a high-fat and fructose diet and the administration of C. asiatica (CA) ethanol extract to the emergence of depression-like behaviour. The research parameters included hippocampal IL-6 levels as a marker of neuroinflammation, BDNF levels, and synaptic proteins PSD-95 and SYN1 in the region of interest (ROI) of the hippocampus, namely CA1, CA2, and DG. Behavioural evaluation was conducted using the Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), and Forced Swim Test (FST) instruments. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups with combined DTLF and CA administration. DTLF contributed significantly (p < 0.0001) to the difference in IL-6 levels between groups, but not CA administration. Neuroinflammation was not evident and CA administration tended not to improve the condition. The negative effect of obesity due to DTLF was shown in the low BDNF levels of the obese group (p < 0.0001), which also tended to have lower PSD-95 and SYN1 in most hippocampal ROIs. The most significant difference in PSD-95 was found in the dentate gyrus area (p < 0.0001). CA administration tended to improve the levels of BDNF, SYN1 in all ROIs, and PSD-95 only in the CA1 and CA2 areas. Depression-like behaviour descriptively appeared due to obesity caused by DTLF in all tests, and CA administration tended to improve it as evidenced in the OFT and EPM instruments.

Abstrak :
Banyak penelitian yang menguji hubungan kemelekatan tidak aman dan depresi, namun belum ada yang menguji peran dukungan sosial yang dipersepsikan secara umum sebagai kemungkinan mediator dari hubungan tersebut. Peneliti menguji peran dukungan sosial sebagai mediator hubungan kemelekatan tidak aman dan depresi. Mahasiswa dari berbagai universitas di Indonesia (N=416) diuji menggunakan versi bahasa Indonesia dari Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), dan Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 (HSCL-25) untuk melihat nilai tingkat depresi, pola kemelekatan, dan dukungan sosial yang dipersepsikan secara berurutan. Analisis mediasi sederhana menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial memediasi hubungan kemelekatan menghindar dan depresi, namun tidak untuk hubungan antara kemelekatan cemas dan depresi. Ada kemungkinan kedua tipe kemelekatan mempersepsi dukungan sosial secara berbeda, sehingga menyebabkan adanya perbedaan hasil mediasi. Berangkat dari hasil penelitian ini, mahasiswa dapat meningkatkan kesadaran atas dukungan sosial yang dipersepsikan sebagai usaha untuk menghindari depresi. ......Many studies have examined the relationship between insecure attachment and depression, but no one has examined the role of perceived social support in general as a mediator of the relationship. Current study examined the role of perceived social support as the mediator of the relationship between insecure and depression. Students from various universities in Indonesia (N = 416) were tested using the Indonesian version of Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 (HSCL-25) to see depression levels, attachment, and perceived social support, respectively. Simple mediation analysis shows that social support mediates the relationship between avoidant attachment and depression, but not the relationship between anxious attachment and depression. It is possible that the two types of attachment perceive social support differently, leading to different mediation results. Departing from the results of this study, college students can increase awareness of perceived social support as an effort to avoid depression.

Abstrak :
"When I grow up, I think I won't get sick. When I grow up, I think I will become stronger. When I grow up, I think I won't get hurt. I wrote this book as a guide and a connecting cord for the sick soul. I wrote this book to share my knowledge and stories with people who have problems with their mental health and suffer from it, and together find the answer to the question, 'Then, what should I do now?' If this way could cure them or become a bright light to open the door of hope, there is nothing I hope more of it." -Kim Haenam