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Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas program pemberian makanan tambahan berupa biskuit pabrikan bagi balita gizi kurang (pengukuran perbandingan berat badan menurut panjang atau tinggi badan balita) yang  telah dilakukan Pemerintah Indonesia sejak tahun 2004-2022. Pada praktiknya Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Pemulihan (PMT-P) berupa biskuit pabrikan juga diberikan bagi balita dengan berat badan kurang (pengukuran perbandingan berat badan menurut umur). Perlu adanya analisis untuk mengetahui hubungan pemberian makanan tambahan dengan Prevalensi Balita Berat Badan Kurang dan Gizi Kurang di Indonesia Tahun 2022. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dengan desain cross-sectional. Data yang digunakan adalah Data Sekunder Sigizi Terpadu/EPPGBM dari Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Data  tersebut meliputi  jumlah balita penerima PMT-P dan balita dengan berat badan sangat kurang (severely underweight), berat badan kurang (underweight) dan gizi kurang (moderate wasted) seluruh provinsi di Indonesia tahun 2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  ada hubungan antara pemberian makanan tambahan dengan prevalensi balita berat badan kurang (underweight) nilai P = 0,026 (CI = 0,007-0,101), sangat kurang (severely underweight) nilai P = 0,026 (CI = -0,101 s/d -0,007) dan gizi kurang (moderate wasted) nilai P = 0,021(CI = 0,056-0,650). Seluruh nilai P <0.005 menunjukkan ada hubungan prevalensi balita berat badan kurang dan gizi kurang. Penelitian menyarankan program pemberian makanan tambahan berupa biskuit dilanjutkan diikuti dengan program pendekatan keluarga bagi balita gizi kurang dan adanya penambahan pelaporan faktor determinan kejadian balita gizi kurang di aplikasi EPPGBM. ......This thesis discusses the supplementary feeding program in the form of manufactured biscuits for malnourished toddlers (measurement of the ratio of body weight according to the length or height of toddlers) that has been carried out by the Government of Indonesia from 2004-2022. In practice, supplementary feeding in the form of manufactured biscuits is also given to toddlers with underweight (a measure of the ratio of body weight to age). An analysis is needed to determine the relationship between supplementary feeding and the Prevalence of Underweight and Malnourished Children in Indonesia in 2022. This research is a quantitative study using secondary data with a cross-sectional design. The data used is Integrated Nutrition Secondary Data / EPPGBM from the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The data includes the number of toddlers receiving PMT-P and severely underweight, underweight and wasted toddlers in all provinces in Indonesia in 2022. The results show that there is a relationship between supplementary feeding and prevalence of underweight toddlers P value = 0.026 (CI = 0.007-0.101), severely underweight P value = 0.026 (CI = -0.101 to -0.007) and moderate wasted P value = 0.021(CI = 0.056-0.650). All P values <0.005 indicated that there was a relationship between the prevalence of underweight and malnutrition. The research suggested that the supplementary feeding program in the form of biscuits be continued followed by a family approach program for undernourished toddlers and additional reporting of the determinants of the incidence of undernourished toddlers in the EPPGM application.

Abstrak :

Suplementasi tablet tambah darah merupakan salah satu strategi utama untuk meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dan anak. Ibu hamil yang mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah ≥ 90 di tahun 2012 sebesar 32,7% dan pada tahun 2017 sebesar 43,9%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk variasi faktor konsumsi tablet tambah darah ibu hamil ditingkat individu dan tingkat masyarakat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sampel 6.675 ditahun 2012 dan 7.799 ditahun 2017 dari WUS 15-49 tahun yang hamil. Data diperoleh dari Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia dan Profil Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012 dan 2017 dengan menggunakan analisis multilevel regresi linear. Hasil analisis multilevel menunjukkan baik ditahun 2012 maupun 2017 variasi lebih besar terjadi ditingkat individu dengan nilai interclass correlation 0,05 (2012) dan 0,04 (2017). Faktor tingkat individu ditahun 2012 usia, Jumlah antenatal care, Usia kehamilan pertama kali kunjungan antenatal care, Pendidikan, Pendidikan Suami dan Kekayaan. Sedangkan di tahun 2017 Jumlah antenatal care, usia kehamilan pertama kali antenatal care, pendidikan suami, kekayaan, internet dan dukungan keluarga. Program pelayanan antenatal care di Indonesia melibatkan anggota keluarga untuk pendamping minum tablet tambah darah pada ibu hamil. ......Iron supplementation is one of the key strategies to improve maternal and child health. Pregnant women who consumed iron supplementation ≥ 90 in 2012 around to 32.7% and in 2017 around to 43.9%. This study aims to vary the factors of consumption iron supplementtaion of pregnant women at the individual level and community level in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 6,675 in 2012 and 7,799 in 2017 from women of reproductive age 15-49 years who were pregnant. Data obtained from Indonesian Demographic health survey and Indonesian Health Profile in 2012 and 2017 using multilevel analysis.  The results of multilevel analysis showed that both in 2012 and 2017 greater variation occurred at the individual level with interclass correlation values of 0.05 (2012) and 0.04 (2017). Individual level factors in 2012 is age, number of ANCs, age of first pregnancy antenatal care visits, education, husband's Education and wealth. In 2017 is number of antenatal care, age of first pregnancy antenatal care visits, husband's education, wealth, internet and family support. The antenatal care service program in Indonesia involves family members to accompany them to take iron supplementation for pregnant women.

 

Abstrak :
Praktik pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) yang tepat perlu dipertahankan selama situasi pandemi COVID-19 untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak yang optimal. Tindakan pengendalian pandemi COVID-19 seperti pembatasan sosial skala besar dapat berdampak pada faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktik pemberian MP-ASI. Namun, studi yang menilai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktik pemberian MP-ASI selama pandemi COVID-19 masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan pola pangan minimum yang dapat diterima (MAD) anak usia 6-11 bulan pada pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari “COVID-19 Mom-Infant Study” dan dilakukan di seluruh wilayah Indonesia dengan menggunakan survei online. Uji regresi logistik ganda dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor dominan MAD dengan tingkat signifikan yang ditetapkan pada p <0,05. Sebanyak 262 data dikumpulkan dengan sekitar 74,0%, memenuhi MAD yang terdiri dari 94,3% memenuhi frekuensi makan minimum, dan 77,1% memenuhi keragaman makanan minimum. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga (aOR=2.479; 95%CI [1.196 – 5.136]), suasana hati ibu (aOR=3.448; 95%CI [1.286 – 9.378]), jumlah anak di rumah tangga (aOR=2.493; 95%CI [1.131 – 5.495]), dukungan suami (aOR=4.365; 95%CI [1.450 – 13.083]), dan dukungan kelompok pendukung makanan (aOR=2.446; 95%CI [1.186 – 5.043]), ditemukan sebagai faktor dominan dari MAD. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa sepertiga anak tidak memenuhi pola pangan minimum yang dapat diterima. Peningkatan edukasi gizi dan aksesibilitas pangan dibutuhkan terutama untuk rumah tangga yang rawan pangan dan memiliki 3 atau lebih anak di dalamnya selama pandemi COVID-19. Peningkatan kesadaran suami tentang pentingnya dukungan pemberian makan anak bagi ibu baru, menjaga suasana hati ibu, dan menggunakan media online atau kelompok pendukung makan bayi untuk menyampaikan pesan gizi sebagai strategi untuk mempertahankan kualitas diet anak selama pandemi COVID-19. ......Appropriate complementary feeding practices are needed to achieve optimal growth, development, and health that needs to be sustained during coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic situation. COVID-19 pandemic control measures such as large-scale social restriction and physical distancing can have an impact on factors that are associated with complementary feeding practice. However, study that assessing factors associated with complementary feeding practices during COVID-19 was still limited. Therefore, this study aims to identify dominant factors of minimum acceptable diet (MAD) of 6-11 months old children during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study was part of the “COVID-19 Mom-Infant Study” and conducted in all regions of Indonesia using an online survey. Multiple logistic regression test was run to identify dominant factors of MAD with a significant level set at p <0.05. A total of 262 data were collected with around 74.0% meeting MAD that consist of 94.3% were meeting minimum meal frequency, and 77.1% meeting minimum dietary diversity. Based on multivariate analysis, household food security (aOR=2.479; 95%CI [1.196 – 5.136]), mother’s mood (aOR=3.448; 95%CI [1.286 – 9.378]), number of children in the household, (aOR=2.493; 95%CI [1.131 – 5.495]), support from husband (aOR=4.365; 95%CI [1.450 – 13.083]), and support from support group and online support (aOR=2.446; 95%CI [1.186 – 5.043]) were found to be dominant factors of MAD. These findings showed that one third of the children did not fulfill the MAD. Increased nutrition education and accessibility of food needed especially in the food insecure household with more than 3 children in it during this COVID-19 pandemic. Mother’s mood needs to be maintained as it was related to child feeding practices. Raising awareness of father about the importance of feeding support for new mothers and using online group or support groups to deliver nutrition messages as the coping strategy of many closure of health post during COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstrak :
Kualitas diet pada wanita dewasa masih menjadi masalah. Memiliki perhatian khusus terhadap kesehatan (health concern) dapat berkaitan dengan pola makan. Wanita, khususnya ibu yang memiliki anak usia balita dan pra-sekolah umumnya makan di rumah. Sehingga lingkungan pangan rumah juga berkontribusi terhadap perilaku makan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara health concern dan kualitas diet, serta mengetahui apakah lingkungan pangan rumah memediasi untuk hubungan ini. Studi potong lintang ini berlokasi di Jakarta Utara, dengan sampel sebanyak 229 subjek dengan metode penarikan sampel consecutive. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Health concern diukur dengan General Health Interest Scale (GHIS). Lingkungan pangan rumah diukur dengan Consumer Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). Data kualitas diet dinilai dari 2x24-hour dietary recall dan skor Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Sebagian besar subjek memiliki kualitas diet yang rendah (nilai mean skor DQI-I: 41.44). Tidak terdapat korelasi bermakna antara health concern dan kualitas diet (r=0.092, P-value=0.166). Setelah di-adjust dengan usia, lingkungan pangan rumah khususnya ketersediaan sayur tidak memediasi hubungan antara health concern dan kualitas diet (IE=0.012, P-value=0.096). Hasil regresi linier berganda juga menunjukkan usia sebagai prediktor kualitas diet (β=0.196, P-value=0.024). Diperlukan upaya kolaboratif untuk memperbaiki kualitas diet pada ibu, dengan meningkatkan health concern serta pemahaman tentang pemilihan jenis makanan berdasarkan kualitas gizi saat membeli makanan. Rekomendasi untuk studi lanjutan dapat meneliti perbedaan health concern menurut usia, serta kaitannya dengan perilaku makan dan kualitas diet. ......Diet quality among women remains a major issue. Having health concern may be related to diet. Mothers with young children usually had their meals at home, thus home food environment could play a role in shaping dietary behavior. This study aims to examine the association between health concern and diet quality, and whether home food environment mediates this relationship. This cross-sectional study was conducted in urban slum area in North Jakarta, involving 229 mothers of young children through consecutive sampling. Data was collected using structured questionnaire, including General Health Interest Scale (GHIS) for health concern, Consumer Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) for home food environment, and 2x24-hour dietary recall to determine the score of Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Statistical analysis included correlation, multiple linear regression, and path analysis. Majority of the mothers had poor diet quality, with mean DQI-I total score of 41.44 out of 100. There was no significant correlation between health concern and diet quality (r=0.092, P-value=0.166). After adjusted with age, home food environment did not mediate the relationship between health concern and diet quality. Multiple linear regression also showed age as a significant predictor of diet quality (β=0.196, P-value=0.024). Promoting health concern and healthier food choice when eating out or purchasing take-out food would be beneficial to improve diet quality among mothers of young children. Future study is also recommended to explore how age group differs in viewing health as importance, which could lead to dietary practices.

Abstrak :

LATAR BELAKANG: Praktik diet yang kurang memadai berdampak negatif terhadap asupan zat gizi dan kejadian penyakit kronis yang berhubungan dengan gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Panduan Gizi Seimbang Berbasis Pangan Lokal (PGS-PL) berdasarkan pola makan masyarakat Minangkabau, dalam rangka perbaikan asupan gizi pada wanita usia subur (WUS) penderita dislipidemia. Selanjutnya pada tahap intervensi, dilihat efek promosi PGS-PL terhadap perubahan praktik diet, asupan zat gizi, status gizi dan profil lipid pada WUS Minangkabau dengan dislipidemia.

METODE: Studi tahap pertama menggunakan disain potong lintang, melibatkan 74 WUS suku Minangkabau dengan dislipidemia. Berdasarkan pola makan setempat, identifikasi problem nutrient dan penyusunan PGS-PL dilakukan dengan pendekatan Linear programming, menggunakan tiga dari empat modul pada software Optifood yang dikembangkan oleh WHO. Pada tahap ke dua dilakukan studi intervensi komunitas menggunakan disain pengukuran sebelum dan sesudah dengan kelompok kontrol. Subjek penelitian ditempatkan secara acak yang dikluster ke dalam kelompok PGS-PL (mendapatkan promosi PGS-PL selama 12-minggu) atau kelompok non-PGS-PL (mendapatkan satu kali konsultasi gizi dari pelayanan kesehatan tingkat dasar). Sebanyak 102 WUS (48 pada kelompok PGS-PL dan 54 pada kelompok non-PGSPL) selama 12 minggu. Pada akhir studi, analisis perbedaan antar- dan inter kelompok perlakuan dilakukan untuk melihat perubahan praktik diet, asupan zat gizi, status gizi dan profil lipid darah (kadar kolesterol total, Lipoprotein densitas rendah, Lipoprotein densitas tinggi, dan Trigliserid).

HASIL: Berdasarkan pola makan setempat, ditemukan bahwa asam lemak tidak jenuh (polyunsaturated fatty acid/PUFA, n-3, n-6), serat makanan, zat besi, dan seng merupakan problem nutrient pada WUS suku Minangkabau dengan dislipidemia. PGS-PL yang disusun menekankan penggabungan bahan makanan, kelompok atau sub-kelompok bahan makanan bernilai gizi tinggi yang tersedia secara lokal, untuk meningkatkan asupan problem nutrient tersebut. Promosi PGS-PL dapat meningkatkan skor praktik diet secara bermakna. Peningkatan terutama terjadi pada konsumsi makanan dan sub-kelompok makanan yang dipromosikan (ikan laut, unggas, produk kedelai seperti tahu dan tempe, total sayuran, sayuran hijau, buah-buahan, dan kentang). Tidak ada perubahan bermakna pada konsumsi makanan pokok, makanan selingan, telur, dan makanan yang digoreng pada akhir intervensi. Pengaruh promosi PGS-PL pada asupan zat gizi dapat dilihat pada perubahan yang bermakna pada asupan energi dan karbohidrat, persentase energi dari PUFA dan monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), serta rasio PUFA terhadap asam lemak jenuh (saturated fatty acids/SAFA) dalam makanan sehari-hari. Namun, asupan lemak jenuh tidak berubah signifikan. Terdapat perbaikan yang bermakna pada berat badan, indeks massa tubuh, dan lingkar pinggang, namun tidak bermakna terhadap penurunan prevalensi obesitas. Tidak terdapat perubahan profil lipid darah yang bermakna setelah intervensi.

KESIMPULAN: Pendekatan linier programming dapat digunakan dalam menyusun PGS-PL untuk meningkatkan praktik diet dan asupan problem nutrient pada WUS dengan dislipidemia. Promosi PGS-PL secara bermakna berdampak terhadap peningkatan praktik diet, asupan zat gizi, dan status gizi, tetapi belum berpengaruh secara statistik terhadap perbaikan profil lipid WUS dengan dislipidemia.

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BACKGROUND: Given the impact of unfavorable dietary practices is on inadequate nutrient intake and nutrition-related chronic diseases, we sought the problem nutrient in the community habitual dietary practices, and developed an optimized food-based recommendation (FBR) for Minangkabau women of reproductive age (WoRA) with dyslipidemia. Although the effect of the FBR promotion seemed to be potential at planning phase, but this has not been tested in the community setting. Therefore, we conducted a community trial and explored the effect of FBR promotion using locally available foods on dietary practice, nutrient intakes, nutritional status and lipid profile among Minangkabau WoRA with dyslipidemia.

METHODS: The first stage of the study was a cross-sectional study, which involved 74 Minangkabau WoRA with dyslipidemia. Linear programming analysis using three modules of the WHO Optifood software was employed to identify problem nutrients and develop an optimized FBR. The second phase of the study was a community-based trials using pre-post with control group design. The subjects were cluster randomized into either FBR group (receiving 12-weeks of FBR promotion) or non-FBR group (receiving once standard nutritional counseling from primary health care program). At the end, 102 WoRA (48 and 54 WoRA in the FBR group and the non-FBR group, respectively) completed 12-weeks of intervention. We analyzed within- and between group differences on changes of dietary practices, nutrient intakes, nutritional status and lipid profile (serum Total Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein, High-Density Lipoprotein and Triglyceride levels) at the completion of the study.

RESULTS: Our results identified PUFA, dietary fiber, iron, and zinc as problem nutrients among Minangkabau WoRA with dyslipidemia. The final food-based recommendations emphasized the incorporation of locally available nutrient-dense foods, food groups, and sub-groups that would improve the intake of the identified problem nutrients. The FBRs promotion significantly increased the overall dietary compliance. An increase was predominantly occurred on the consumption of promoted and subgroups food items (sea fish, poultry, soybean products, total vegetables, dark green leafy vegetables, fruits, and potato). There were no significant changes in the consumption of staple food, snacks, eggs, and fatty foods at the end of intervention.  Effect of FBR promotion on nutrient intake was observed through the significant changes in energy and carbohydrate intakes, percentage of energy from PUFA and MUFA, as well as PUFA to SAFA ratio in daily diet. However, intake of saturated fat remained unchanged. Marginal but significant improvements were observed in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, but the prevalence of obesity was relatively not affected. There were no significant changes of blood lipid profile at the end of intervention.

CONCLUSIONS: Linear programming approach could be potentially used to develop an optimized food-based recommendation based on the identified problem nutrients and locally available nutrient dense foods. The FBRs promotion produced significant improvement in dietary practice, nutrient intakes, and nutritional status, but did not statistically affect blood lipid profile of Minangkabau WoRA with dyslipidemia. 

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas mengenai efek suplementasi BCAA terhadap nilai VO2max pada atlet dayung rowing nasional tahun 2014. Desain studi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah praeksperimental dengan melibatkan 17 atlet dayung rowing nasional, yang terbagi menjadi 9 atlet dan 8 atlet wanita tahun 2014. Seluruh atlet yang bersedia menjadi responden dan telah dipilah berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dikelompokkan hanya ke dalam satu kelompok yang sama, yaitu kelompok perlakuan. Suplemen yang diberikan adalah suplemen BCAA (brancedchain amino acid). Suplemen diberikan setiap pagi pukul 07.00 WIB dengan dosis 4 kapsul untuk pria dan 3 kapsul untuk wanita dalam satu kali minum. Nilai VO2max atlet diukur dengan menggunakan rowing ergometer pada saat perlakuan belum diberikan, yaitu pada bulan Maret 2014. Setelah perlakuan selama 1 bulan, nilai VO2max atlet kembali diukur, yaitu pada bulan April 2014. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara nilai VO2max sebelum perlakuan (63,05&lusmn;2,22 ml/kg/menit) dan nilai VO2max setelah perlakuan (54,90&lusmn;3,54 ml/kg/menit) pada atlet pria, sedangkan pada atlet wanita tidak terlihat perbedaan yang bermakna. Perbedaan yang bermakna pada nilai VO2max atlet pria menunjukkan hasil yang negatif karena terjadi penurunan nilai VO2max setelah diberikan perlakuan berupa suplemen BCAA.

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This thesis is discussing about the effect of BCAA supplementation to VO2max value in national rowing athlete, 2014. The study was a quantitive study with preexperimental design conducted in 17 national rowing athletes, nine male athletes and eight female athletes. All athletes have been sorted by inclusion and exclusion criteria then be grouped into only one group, the experimental group. The supplementation was given every morning at 07.00 WIB at dose 4 capsules for men and 3 capsules for women. The VO2max value of the athletes were measured twice, that is before intervention and after intervention. The interval of measurement was a month. First measurement (before intervention) be held on March, 2014. The last measurement (after intervention) be held on April 2014. The result was there is a significant association between men's VO2max value before intervention (63,05&lusmn;2,22 ml/kg/min) and VO2max value after intervention (54,90&lusmn;3,54 ml/kg/min), whereas there is no significant assciation between women's VO2max value before intervention and after intervention. The significant difference on men's VO2max value shows a negative result because there was a VO2max value reduction.

Abstrak :
Marine-derived nutraceuticals : trends and prospects /​ Se-Kwon Kim Nutritional value of sea lettuces /​ Se-Kwon Kim, Ratih Pangestuti Prospects and potential applications of seaweeds as neuroprotective agents /​ Se-Kwon Kim, Ratih Pangestuti Chitosan-based biomaterials against diabetes and related complications /​ Se-Kwon Kim, Fatih Karadeniz Nutraceutical benefits of marine steroid derivatives /​ Se-Kwon Kim, Quang Van Ta Nutritional value, bioactive compounds, and health-promoting properties of abalone /​ Mahanama De Zoyza Marine biopolymers in Asian nutraceuticals /​ Nghia Dang Ngo, Se-Kwon Kim Marine natural antihypertensive peptides from styela clava having multi-functions of ace inhibition and no production in endothelial cells /​ Seok-Chun Ko, Se-Kwon Kim, You-Jin Jeon Beneficial effects of marine natural products in auto-immune diseases /​ Mi Eun Kim ... [et al.] Extraction of nutraceuticals from shrimp by-products /​ Trang Si Trung, Willem Frans Stevens Fucoidan : a potential ingredient of marine nutraceuticals /​ Se Kwon Kim, Thanh-Sang Vo, Dai-Hung Ngo Chitosan for body weight management : current issues and future directions /​ Soon Kong Yong, Wong Tin Wui Prospects of indonesian uncultivated macroalgae for anticancer nutraceuticals /​ Hari Eko Irianto, Ariyanti Suhita Dewi Active ingredients from marine microorganisms for modern nutraceuticals /​ Se-Kwon Kim, Pradeep Dewapriya Potent anticancer actions of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine nutraceuticals /​ Kaipeng Jing, Kyu Lim

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Modernisasi kota-kota besar di Indonesia terutama Jakarta meningkatkan jumlah perempuan bekerja dengan pcrubahan terhadap gaya hidup terutama dalam jumlah dan komposisi asupan makanan. Hal tersebut bila disertai dengan mulai meourunnya honnon estrogen pada perempuan di awal masa klimakterlum, dikhawatirkan telah teljadi perubahan profil lipid dan distribusi lemak. Tujuan pcnalitian ini adalah diketahuinya asupan total energi dan asupan makronutrien serta profit lipid karyawati di awal rna.- klimakterium yaitu usia 35-45 tahun, serta hubungannya dengan ukuran lingkar pinggang. Stodi ini adalah studi potong lingtang yang dilakukan di Poliklinik Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata RJ. Sebanyak 66 orang karyawati menandatangani lembar persetujuan menjadi subyek pcnelitian, dengan 52 orang (78,8%) subyek menyelesaikan studi ini. Pengumpulan data ditakukan dengan wawancara, pcngukuran antropometri dan pcaitaian asupan makanan menggunakan merode food record 3x24 jam. Dilakukan juga pemeriksaan tahoratorium untuk mengukur kadar kolesterol LDL, HDL dan trigliserida serum. Rerata ulruran lingkar pinggang subyek adalah 84,8 ± 9,42 em dengao sebagian besar subyek (67,3%) tennasuk dalarn kategori lebih. Rerata asupan total energi subyek penelitian adalah 1571 ± 303,2 kkal, dengan sebagian besar subyek tennasuk dalarn kategori cukup jika dibandingkan dengan kebutoba energi total. Rerata asupan makronutrien untuk karbohidrat adalah 213,7 ± 40,73 gr (54,7 ± 6,24 o/oE), sera! 11,2 ± 4,52 gr, protein 54,0 ± 13,25 gr (13,7 ± 1,89 %E), lemak 56,0 ± 17,76 gr (31,6 ± 5,62 %E), SAFA 25,8 ± 8,84 gr (14,6 ± 3,44 %E), MUFA 14,1 ± 5,07 gr (8,0 ± 2,02 %E), PUFA 12,3 ± 5,85 gr (6,9 ± 2,84 %E) dan kotesterol 242,2 ± 118,36 mg per hari. Berdesarkan aujuran asupan oleh PERKENI, asupan kaibohidrat, protein, MUF A dan PUF A sebagian besar subyek dikategorlkan cukup. Sementara asupan lemak, SAP A dan kotesterol sebagian besar subyek dikategorikan lebih dan asupan serat kurang. Kadar kolesterol LDL, HDL dan trigliserida subyek berturut-turut adalah 126,3 ± 29,71 m8fdL, 58,2 ± 9,46 mg/dL dan 84,7 ± 35,81 mg/dL. Kadar ko1esterol LDL dan trigliserida serum sebagian besar subyek dalam kategori normal. Kader kolesterol HDL serum seluruh subyek dahun kategori normal. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jumlah asupan energi total dan masing-masing makronutrien terhadap ukuran lingkar pinggang. Namun terdepat korelasi derajat lemak antara kadar trigliserida serum dan ukuran lingkar pinggang.

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Abstract
Modernization on some major cities in Indonesia specially Jakarta bas raised the number of working women from year to year, and alter their !!restyle including their total nutrition intake and macronutrient composition. Accompanied with decreasing estrogen level in early climacteric women, there was big concern that there had been alteration on lipid profile and fat distribution among these women. The aim of the study was to evaluate daily intake of total energy, macronutrients and lipid profile among healthy female government employee on early climacteric phase (aged 35-45 years), and their association with waist circumference. This cross sectional study took place in Cultural and Tourism Department of Republic Indonesia. Sixty six women have provided consent, while 52 subjects (78.8%) have completed the study. Data collection were conducted from interviews, anthropometric measurements and dietary assessment using 3 x 24 hours food record. Serum triglyceride, LDL, HDL cholesterol level were assessed as well. Mean value of waist circumference was 84.8 ± 9.42 em, and categorized as high, as well as on the majority of subjects (67.3 %).Mean value and standard deviation of to!al energy intake was 1571 ± 303,2 kcal, and categorized as moderate. The mean intake value of carbohydrate was 213,7 ± 40,73 g (54,7 ± 6,24 %E), fiber 11,2 ± 4.52 gr, protein 54.0 ± 13.25 g (13.7 ± 1.89 %E), fut 56.0 ± 17.76 g (3L6 ± 5.62 %E), SAFA 25.8 ± 8.84 gr (14.6 ± 3.44 %E), MUFA 14.1 ± 5.o7 gr (8.0 ± 2.02 %E), PUFA 12.3 ± 5.85 gr (6.9 ± 2.M %E) and cholesterol 242.2 ± 118.36 mg!day. Based on PER.KENI recommendation for macronutrient intake, majority of subject's intake of carbohydrate, protein, MUFA and PUF A were categorized as moderate, the intake of daily fat, SAFA and cholesterol were high, and all subject's intake of fiber was low. Subject's serum LDL and HDL cholesterol level were 126.3 ± 29.71 mg/dL and 58.2 ± 9.46 mg/dL respectively, while serum triglyceride level was 84.7 ± 35.81 mg!dL. Majority of subject's lipid profile categorized as normal. No significant associations were found among total energy as well as macronutrients with waist circumference. Nevertheless, there was weak significant association between triglyceride serum level and waist circumference.