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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Karbamazepin merupakan obat yang termasuk ke dalam Biopharmaceutical Classification System kelas dua dengan kelarutan rendah dan daya tembus membran yang tinggi. Sehingga laju pelarutan menjadi tahap penentu kecepatan bioavailabilitas obat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan metode pembentukan kokristal terhadap laju pelarutan karbamazepin dengan metode penguapan pelarut dan solvent drop grinding. Kokristalisasi dengan kedua metode tersebut dibuat dalam perbandingan formula yaitu 1:1, 2:1, dan 1:0. Berdasarkan uji morfologi dan difraksi sinar-x, menunjukan terjadinya perubahan bentuk dan ukuran kristal pada semua perbandingan. Formulasi 1:1 pada metode penguapan pelarut dengan DE(180) sebesar 7,38% memiliki laju pelarutan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Karbamazepin standar dan kokristalisasi dengan metode solvent drop grinding. Hasil uji termal memperlihatkan adanya penurunan titik lebur pada hasil kokristalisasi dan spektroskopi inframerah menunjukan adanya interaksi berupa ikatan hidrogen antara Karbamazepin dengan asam suksinat.

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Abstract
Carbamazepine is a drug that belongs to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System class with low solubility and high permeability membrane. So that the rate of dissolution into the pacesetter stage drug bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different methods of formation of the rate of dissolution of carbamazepine cocrystal by solvent evaporation method and the solvent drop grinding. Cocrystalisation by both methods were made in comparison formula is 1:1, 2:1, and 1:0. Based on morphological tests and x-ray diffraction, showing the changes in shape and size of the crystals in all comparisons. Formulation at 1:1 evaporation method with DE(180) of 7.38% has a higher dissolution rate compared with standard carbamazepine than cocrystalisation with solvent drop grinding method. Thermal test results showed a decrease in melting point and infrared spectroscopy cocrystalisation results indicate the existence of hydrogen bonding interactions between carbamazepine with succinic acid.

Abstrak :
This book is designed to provide practical guidance for overcoming formulation challenges toward the end goal of improving drug therapies with poorly water-soluble drugs. Also, knowledge of the advanced analytical, formulation, and process technologies as well as specific regulatory considerations related to the formulation of these compounds is increasing in value.

Abstrak :
Compunding has always been part of pharmacy practice. Today, the need for compounding is growing, with the prevalence of drug shortages, outsourcing of compounding services by hospitals, and patients' needs for individualized preparations. Compounding pharmacies now have the opportunity to obtain accreditation. The Art, Science, and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding presents all the information a student needs to understand the purpose and processes of compounding. It includes the essential information on establishing, equipping and operating a compounding pharmacy. It discusses all aspects of good manufacturing practices for compounded medications and it features quality control measures for all aspects of compounding. For practitioners who already compound prescription medications, the book is a ready reference featuring more than 200 sample formulations, including bases, vehicles and ingredient-specific preparations. Each formulation lists the necessary ingredients and gives step-by-step instructions for preparing the product. A new chapter emphasizes the importance of knowing the purity and form of all ingredients to ensure that the proper dose of a compounded product is delivered

Abstrak :
Handbook of Extemporaneous Preparation is a comprehensive and easy-to-follow guide to good practice in extemporaneous compunding. It incorporates the key findings and outputs from the UK National Advisory Board study, including advice on purchasing unlicensed medicines. It will be adopted as the standard for extemporaneous dispensing for NHS patients. Although the standards set out in this book are primarily written for implementation in NHS hospitals, the priciples should be equally applied across the profession internationally

Abstrak :
This book covers both recent advances in the design and synthesis of new drugs, as well as the myriad other issues facing a new drug candidate as it moves through the development process. Utilizing recent case studies, the authors provide valuable insights into the complexities of the process, from designing new synthetic methodologies and applying new automated techniques for finding optimal reaction conditions to selecting the final drug form and formulation.