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"Masyarakat Ekonomi Eropa merupakan wujud kerja sama bangsa-bangsa Eropa yang timbul pada tahun 50-an di Eropa, untuk mengatasi kegagalan membentuk suatu Masyarakat Per-tahanan Eropa yang direncanakan sebelumnya dalam rangka menjalin kesatuan politik Eropa. Di dalam masa pembangunan Eropa sesudah perang, ternyata kerja sama di bidang ekonomi lebih mendapat perhatian dari keenam negara Eropa Barat : Perancis, Republik Federal Jerman (RFJ), Itali, Belgia, Belanda dan Luxemburg. Untuk dapat mengerti tentang motivasi RFJ ikut ser_ta dalam membentuk Masyarakat Ekonomi Eropa (MEE), maka penulis mencoba menuangkan salah satu hasil studi pada seksi Jerman, Fakultas Sastra Universitas Indonesia, ten_tang.sejarah Jerman sesudah 1945, yaitu tentang peran RFJ dalam pembentukan MEE. Dalam hal ini penulis akan memberikan deskripsi da_ripada suatu proses pembentukan MEE, dengan mengutamakan peran-serta RFJ, sebab RFJ adalah salah satu dari negara pelopor pembentukan MEE."

"Penerapan hak-hak, kebijakan, aparat kehutanan, dan pendekatan represif oleh pemerintah memperlihatkan berlakunya budaya kontrol dalam penguasaan hutan. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa penerapan budaya kontrol oleh pemerintah berbenturan dengan kepentingan sosial-ekonomi dan kearifan lokal masyarakat di sekitar kawasan hutan. Masyarakat lokal membangun strategi dan taktik untuk melawan pemerintah melalui cara menguasai lahan, menentukan jenis tanaman, dan menerapkan sistem pengelolaan hutan berbasis masyarakat. Strategi dan taktik perlawanan tersebut merupakan manifestasi kondisi sosial-ekonomi yang terintegrasi dalam kultur masyarakat. Melalui perspektif kekuasaan (Foucault) dan perlawanan (Scott), penelitian ini memperlihatkan urgensi menempatkan aspek kebudayaan dan perilaku sebagai fokus analisis di tengah kuatnya pengaruh perspektif politik ekologi. Fokus pada aspek kebudayaan dan perilaku bermakna bahwa analisis budaya kontrol tidak hanya mendiskusikan strategi pemenuhan hak formal pemerintah, tetapi juga mendiskusikan aspek perilaku pemerintah yang bersifat arogan, represif, dan bangga pada otoritas. Analisis budaya perlawanan pun tidak hanya mendiskusikan strategi pemenuhan hak formal masyarakat, tetapi juga mendiskusikan perilaku masyarakat dalam menjalankan strategi secara diam-diam, sembunyi-sembunyi, dan menghindari petugas kehutanan.

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The implementation of rights, policy, forest official, and repressive approach by the government shows that the culture of control is applied at forest tenure. This research showed that the application of cultural control by the Government clashed with the interests of local wisdom and socio-economic communities around the forest. The local community have developed strategies and tactics to resist the Government through controlling the land, determining the types of plant, and by implementing community-based forest management system. These resistance strategies and tactics is the manifestation of the socio-economic conditions which are integrated in the community culture. Through the perspective of power (Foucault) and resistance (Scott), this research shows the urgency to put culture and behavior as the focus of an analysis particularly in the midst of a strong influential political ecology perspective. The focus on culture and behavior means that an analysis on controlling culture is not only to discuss the strategy of fulfilling the formal rights of the government, but also to discuss the arrogant, repressive and proud behavior of the government of its authority and power. Equally, the analysis of the culture of resistance does not only discuss the strategy to get the formal rights of the community, but also deliberate on the behavior of the community to implement their strategy quietly, secretly, and while avoiding the forest staff."

"Good governance plays a critical role towards the sustainable of economic development in Indonesia. This is simply because it determines the efficiency, integrity, and effectiveness of public sector management, and also accountability and transparency of corporate and financial governance in the private sector. However, the direct concern on this matter seems to be limited only on the bureaucracy reform as it can be seen from the issuance of the presidential instruction no.14,2010 (Inpres no.14/2010) Whilts the above bureaucracy reform is no doubt necessary, but it is considered insufficient to make the good governance work well. Other reforms aspects such as political office, civil society and economic society are, therefore, cannot be avoided. This paper aims at discussing the concept and the policies of good governance for Indonesia particularly from economic perspective. It was argued that in order to make good governance from the economic stand point, it is a must for the government to establish economic and financial management focusing inter alia towards macroeconomic stability, commitment to social and economic equity, and the promotion of efficient institutions through structural reforms such as trade liberalization and domestic deregulation. Also, it is argued that there is a need for Indonesia to justify her own ways rather than only by adopting the best practices of the good governance available in other countries. "