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"Perseroan Terbatas dalam melakukan suatu perbuatan hukum seharusnya memperhatikan keabsahan kedudukan Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris, terutama masa tugas jabatannya. Hal tersebut seringkali terjadi dalam penyelenggaraan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham yang biasa disebut "RUPS" dan perbuatanperbuatan hukum lainnya yang jika tidak diperhatikan akan berakibat fatal bagi Perseroan. Dari hal tersebut diatas ada beberapa pokok permasalahan yang akan dibahas mengenai keabsahan RUPS Notaril, RUPS dibawah Tangan dan Keputusan Pemegang Saham diluar rapat dimana Direksi dan Komisaris telah berakhir masa jabatannya serta mengenai keabsahan tugas, kewenangan dan pengurusan perwakilan Direksi dan Komisaris yang telah berakhir masa jabatannya. Penulis memilih judul ini dengan tujuan dapat membantu mengingatkan Perseroan agar lebih berhati-hati dalam melakukan suatu perbuatan hukum sehingga dapat mencegah hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan. Penulisan dalam tesis ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti, penyelenggaraan RUPS yang dipimpin oleh Direksi atau anggota Dewan Komisaris yang sudah tidak menjabat lagi secara hukum adalah tidak sah, kecuali Keputusan Pemegang Saham yang disetujui secara bulat dan tertulis oleh seluruh pemegang saham berdasarkan pasal 91 UUPT No. 40 Tahun 2007 adalah sah. Setelah itu baik RUPS maupun Keputusan Pemegang Saham tetap harus memperhatikan tindakan selanjudnya mengenai syarat sahnya perubahan Anggaran Dasar Perseroan sebagaimana yang diatur dalam pasal 21 UU No. 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas yang isinya keputusan tersebut harus dibuat atau dinyatakan dalam akta Notaris yang kemudian harus disampaikan kepada Menteri untuk mendapatkan Persetujuan/Pemberitahuan yang dalam hal ini Menteri Hukum dan Hak Azasi Manusia Republik Indonesia untuk dicatat dalam daftar perusahaan. Begitu pula perbuatan hukum lainnya yang dilakukan Direksi dan dewan Komisaris yang tidak menjabat lagi adalah tidak sah dan dapat dibatalkan.

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A Limited Liability Company in performing a legal act should pay attention to validity of the position of the Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioners, especially concerning their functional period. This often happens in the organization of General Meeting of Shareholders usually called as the "Meeting" and other legal acts which if not paid to attention will be fatal for the Company. From the above there are several main issues to be discussed regarding the validity of Notarial General Meeting of Shareholders, Private General Meeting of Shareholders and Decree of Shareholders outside the meeting where the Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioner have been expired their functional periods as well as regarding validity of tasks, authorities and management of representatives of Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioner who have ended their functional periods. The author selected this title with objective may help to remind the Company to be more carefully in performing legal actions so as to prevent undesirable things. The writing under this thesis using normative juridical method. From the results of research conducted by the researchers, led by the implementation of the General Meeting of Shareholders chaired by the Board of Directors or members of the Board of Commissioners that have no longer legally positioned shall be not valid, unless decree of the Shareholders agreed unanimously in writing by all shareholders pursuant to article 91 of the Company Law No. 40 of Year 2007 is valid. After that both the General Meeting of Shareholders and decree of the Shareholders should consider further actions regarding requirements for legal amendment of the Company`s Article of Association as of provided under Article 21 of Law no. 40 of year 2007 regarding Limited Liability Company that contents thereof is such decision should be drawn up or stated under a Notarial Deed which then must be submitted to the Minister to obtain for approval / notification in this case the Minister of Justice and Human Rights Republic of Indonesia to be recorded in the company list. Similarly, other legal actions committed by the Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioners who are no longer having their positions are illegal as well as null and voidable."

"Perjanjian perkawinan itu sama dengan perjanjian pada umumnya, yaitu perjanjian antara dua orang calon suami dan istri untuk mengatur harta kekayaan pribadi masing-masing yang dibuat menjelang perkawinan, serta disahkan oleh pegawai pencatat nikah. Perjanjian kawin pada dasarnya berlaku dan mengikat suami dan istri sejak perkawinan berlangsung, sedangkan bagi pihak ketiga berlaku sejak perjanjian kawin tersebut didaftarkan. Daya laku dari akta perjanjian kawin yang didaftarkan setelah terjadinya perkawinan, adalah sah secara hukum, sepanjang perjanjian tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan ketentuan yang berlaku, perjanjian tersebut dibuat dalam bentuk akta notaris yang memenuhi 4 syarat sah perjanjian sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata dan perjanjian kawin tersebut akan mengikat pihak ketiga apabila telah memenuhi unsur publisitas.

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Marriage agreements are basically are the same as agreements in general, agreements between two prospective husbands and wives to regulate their personal assets made before marriage, and legalized by a marriage registrar employee. The marriage agreement basically applies and binds husband and wife since the marriage takes place, while for the third party is valid since the marriage agreement is registered. The power of the marriage agreement deed registered after the marriage is legal, as long as the agreement does not conflict with the applicable provisions, the agreement is made in the form of a notary deed that fulfills the 4 legal terms of the agreement as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code and the marriage agreement will bind a third party if it fulfil the publicity element."

"Tesis ini membahas keterkaitan lembaga legislatif DPD RI dalam kontruksi teori hukum murni. Melalui analisis kontruksi kelembagaan baik dari aspek latar belakang kesejarahan berdirinya, konstruksi normatif hingga realitas praktik kelembagaan. Dengan konstruksi faktual tersebut penulis berusaha untuk merekonstruksikannya dalam pemikiran teori hukum murni. Hasil rekonstruksi tersebut akan menghasilkan pemikiran yang menjelaskan eksistensi kelembagaan DPD RI dalam perspektif akademik Hukum dan Negara.Karya Ilmiah Hukum ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan memfokuskan diri pada analisis teori hukum yang dalam hal ini adalah teori hukum murni Hans Kelsen. Penelitian ini juga dilengkapi dengan studi empiris praktik pembentukan hukum nasional dan penelitian empiris tentang pemahaman masyarakat mengenai kelembagaan DPD RI.Hasil penelitian hukum ini menyimpulkan bahwa DPD merupakan bentuk nyata konsep validitas teritorial sebagai penyempurna validitas personal pembentukan hukum dalam konstruksi teori hukum murni Hans Kelsen. Sehingga penelitian ini menyarankan agar DPD selaku lembaga legislatif harus diperkuat fungsi dan perannya secara konstitusional, sebagaimana lembaga legislatif yang merepresentasikan validitas personal (DPR RI) dalam sistem bikameralisme.

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This thesis explores the relationship legislative institution of Regional Representative Council of RI in construction of the Pure Theory of law. Through the analysis of institutional construction both from aspects of historical background of its establishment, normative construction to reality of institutional practices. With the factual construction, the author seeks to reconstruction it in thought of pure theory of law. The results of the reconstruction will result in thoughts which explain the existence of Regional Representative Council of RI in academic perspective of Law and State.This legal science research uses normative juridical research with focus to analysis of legal theory which in this case is the pure theory of law of Hans Kelsen. This research is also furnished with empirical study of national law making practice and empirical study on public understanding regarding the institutional of Regional Representative Council of RI.The results of this law research concludes that the Regional Representative Council of RI is a real form of territorial validity concept as a complement of law making's personal validity in the construction of the pure theory of law of Hans Kelsen. Thus this research recommends in order that the Regional Representative Council of RI a legislative institution should be strengthened in its function and role constitutionally, a the legislative institution which represents the personal validity (People Representative Council of RI) in bicameralism system."

"[ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai efektivitas peraturan kewajiban penggunaan L/C sebagai instrumen cara pembayaran untuk ekspor batubara yang dilatarbelakangi dengan keluarnya peraturan Menteri Pedagangan No. 04/MDAG/PER/1/2015 yang mulai berlaku pada bulan April 2015. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui latar belakang dikeluarkannya peraturan kewajiban penggunaan L/C sebagai instrumen cara pembayaran untuk ekspor khususnya batubara, akibat hukum dan sanksi peraturan tersebut, dan apakah dengan diterapkannya peraturan kewajiban penggunaan L/C tersebut telah efektif dalam arti telah ditaati oleh para eksportir batubara dan telah mencapai tujuan peraturan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan tipologi penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar eksportir batubara telah menggunakan L/C dalam kegiatan ekspornya namun tujuan dari peraturan tersebut belum dapat tercapai secara maksimal karena tanpa dibatasinya jenis L/C yang dapat digunakan sebagai cara pembayaran ekspor terutama jenis transferable L/C, masih dimungkinkan bagi eksportir untuk menempatkan devisa hasil ekspor di negara lain.ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the effectiveness of the regulatory obligation to use the L/C as a method of payment instrument for the export of coal which based on the background of the issuance of the regulations of the Minister of Trade No. 04 / M-DAG / PER / 1/2015 which came into force in April 2015. The objectives of this thesis is to find out the background of the issuance of regulatory obligation to use the L/C as an instrument method of payment for exports, especially coal, due to the legal and regulatory sanctions, and whether to the implementation of regulatory obligation to use the L/C has been effective in the sense that has been complied with by the coal exporters and has achieved the purpose of the regulation. The method used in this research is normative juridical with typology qualitative descriptive study using primary and secondary data. The results found out that most coal exporters have used the L/C in export activities but these regulation has not been able to achieve its purpose effectively because without limiting the type of L/C which can be used as a method of payment instrument for export, particularly transferable L/C, it is still possible for exporters to put foreign exchange from export proceeds in other countries.;This thesis discusses the effectiveness of the regulatory obligation to use the L/C as a method of payment instrument for the export of coal which based on the background of the issuance of the regulations of the Minister of Trade No. 04 / M-DAG / PER / 1/2015 which came into force in April 2015. The objectives of this thesis is to find out the background of the issuance of regulatory obligation to use the L/C as an instrument method of payment for exports, especially coal, due to the legal and regulatory sanctions, and whether to the implementation of regulatory obligation to use the L/C has been effective in the sense that has been complied with by the coal exporters and has achieved the purpose of the regulation. The method used in this research is normative juridical with typology qualitative descriptive study using primary and secondary data. The results found out that most coal exporters have used the L/C in export activities but these regulation has not been able to achieve its purpose effectively because without limiting the type of L/C which can be used as a method of payment instrument for export, particularly transferable L/C, it is still possible for exporters to put foreign exchange from export proceeds in other countries.;This thesis discusses the effectiveness of the regulatory obligation to use the L/C as a method of payment instrument for the export of coal which based on the background of the issuance of the regulations of the Minister of Trade No. 04 / M-DAG / PER / 1/2015 which came into force in April 2015. The objectives of this thesis is to find out the background of the issuance of regulatory obligation to use the L/C as an instrument method of payment for exports, especially coal, due to the legal and regulatory sanctions, and whether to the implementation of regulatory obligation to use the L/C has been effective in the sense that has been complied with by the coal exporters and has achieved the purpose of the regulation. The method used in this research is normative juridical with typology qualitative descriptive study using primary and secondary data. The results found out that most coal exporters have used the L/C in export activities but these regulation has not been able to achieve its purpose effectively because without limiting the type of L/C which can be used as a method of payment instrument for export, particularly transferable L/C, it is still possible for exporters to put foreign exchange from export proceeds in other countries.;This thesis discusses the effectiveness of the regulatory obligation to use the L/C as a method of payment instrument for the export of coal which based on the background of the issuance of the regulations of the Minister of Trade No. 04 / M-DAG / PER / 1/2015 which came into force in April 2015. The objectives of this thesis is to find out the background of the issuance of regulatory obligation to use the L/C as an instrument method of payment for exports, especially coal, due to the legal and regulatory sanctions, and whether to the implementation of regulatory obligation to use the L/C has been effective in the sense that has been complied with by the coal exporters and has achieved the purpose of the regulation. The method used in this research is normative juridical with typology qualitative descriptive study using primary and secondary data. The results found out that most coal exporters have used the L/C in export activities but these regulation has not been able to achieve its purpose effectively because without limiting the type of L/C which can be used as a method of payment instrument for export, particularly transferable L/C, it is still possible for exporters to put foreign exchange from export proceeds in other countries., This thesis discusses the effectiveness of the regulatory obligation to use the L/C as a method of payment instrument for the export of coal which based on the background of the issuance of the regulations of the Minister of Trade No. 04 / M-DAG / PER / 1/2015 which came into force in April 2015. The objectives of this thesis is to find out the background of the issuance of regulatory obligation to use the L/C as an instrument method of payment for exports, especially coal, due to the legal and regulatory sanctions, and whether to the implementation of regulatory obligation to use the L/C has been effective in the sense that has been complied with by the coal exporters and has achieved the purpose of the regulation. The method used in this research is normative juridical with typology qualitative descriptive study using primary and secondary data. The results found out that most coal exporters have used the L/C in export activities but these regulation has not been able to achieve its purpose effectively because without limiting the type of L/C which can be used as a method of payment instrument for export, particularly transferable L/C, it is still possible for exporters to put foreign exchange from export proceeds in other countries.]"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis efektivitas pemeriksaan pajak pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jakarta Kembangan dalam mencapai target penerimaan pajak dan menganalisis masalah yang dihadapi oleh pemeriksa pajak selama pemeriksaan pajak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan wawancara mendalam. Indikator Kerangka McKinsey yang digunakan untuk mengukur efektivitas pemeriksaan pajak mengidentifikasi indikator efektif yaitu struktur, staf dan nilai bersama. Indikator yang tidak efektif atau kurang efektif terdiri dari strategi, sistem, keterampilan dan gaya. Masalah selama pemeriksaan pajak adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk membuka rekening bank Wajib Pajak, hal ini disebabkan kebijakan pengungkapan bank membutuhkan waktu sehingga mengakibatkan keterlambatan pemeriksaan pajak.

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ABSTRACTThe research is intended to study the effectiveness of tax examinations at Pratama Jakarta Kembangan Tax Service Office in achieving targeted tax revenue and analyzes problems encountered by tax examiners during tax examinations. The method employed in this research is descriptive analysis study. Data collection is obtained by in depth interview. The McKinsey Framework indicators which are utilized to measure which are utilized to measure the tax examination effectiveness identifies the following effective indicators which are structure, staff and shared value. The ineffective or less effective indicators consist of strategy, system, skill, and style. Primary problem during tax examination is the time taken to open the bank the bank account of the tax payer, this is due to the bank disclosure policy which requires time that resulted in delay of the tax examination. "

"Tesis ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya pelanggaran hukum yang dilakukan oleh Notaris terhadap aktanya dan menimbulkan kerugian bagi para penghadap, sehingga dalam tesis ini dibahas mengenai keabsahan dan otentisitas Akta Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli yang tidak dibacakan oleh Notaris. Akta tersebut dibuat oleh Notaris tidak dibacakan dihadapan para penghadap. Jenis penelitian dari tesis ini adalah penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan bentuk penelitian yuridis-normatif dan tipe penelitian deskriptif analisis. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian adalah keabsahan dan otentisitas akta Notaris sebagai akta otentik harus mempunyai kekuatan nilai pembuktian yaitu berdasarkan syarat materil dan syarat formil. Pasal 38 Undang-Undang No. 2 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Pasal 16 ayat 7 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris harus dipenuhi yaitu berupa kelengkapan awal akta, badan akta dan akhir akta. Agar terpenuhinya keabsahan dan otentisitas akta tersebut apabila tidak dilakukannya pembacaan terhadap akta tanpa dikehendaki oleh para penghadap maka akta hanya mempunyai kekuatan pembuktian sebagai akta di bawah tangan. Akibat hukum terhadap akta yang tidak dibacakan ini membuat akta mengalami degradasi, yaitu mengalami penurunan mutu atau kemunduran atau kemerosotan status, dalam hal arti posisinya lebih rendah dalam kekuatan sebagai alat bukti, dari kekuatan bukti lengkap dan sempurna menjadi permulaan pembuktian seperti akta di bawah tangan dan dapat memiliki cacat hukum yang menyebabkan kebatalan. Notaris yang tidak membacakan akta tersebut mendapatkan sanksi. Sanksi yang diberikan berupa Sanksi Perdata yaitu menurut Pasal 85 Undang-Undang No. 2 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris berupa ganti kerugian.

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The background of the thesis is the case of legal violations committed by Notary against his deed and caused disadvantages to the appearers, so this thesis discussed the validity and authenticity of the Deed of Sale and Purchase Agreement which was not presented by the Notary. The Deed was not presented and read out in front of the appearers. This type of research is the law study, using juridical-normative study form, and descriptive analysis. The results obtained from the study were the validity and authenticity of the Notary`s deed as authentic deed which shall have the strenght of evidentiary value based on the terms of material and formal requirements. Article 38 of Law No. 2 of 2014 on the Amendment of Act No. 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Position must be fulfilled in the form of completeness of heading, body and closing of he deed. In order for the fulfillment of the validity and authenticity of the deed, if reading out the deed was not performed without the appearers pretension then the deed only has the strength of evidence as privately made deed. The legal consequences of the non presented and read out deed will cause a deed to be degraded, experiencing a degraded or deterioration of status, means the deed`s position is lower in strength as an evidence, from the strength of complete and perfect evidence to the initial of evidentiary such as privately made deed and may have a legal flaw that causes nullification. Notaries who do not present and read out the deed get penalized. The sanctions provided in the form of civil sanctions that according to Article 84 of Law No. 2 of 2014 on the Amendment of Act No. 30 of 2004 Concerning the Notary, i.e indemnity."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Dalam Negeri dalam pengawasan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma post-positivisme dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Wawancara mendalam serta studi dokumen dilakukan untuk memperoleh data dan informasi yang diperlukan. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Dalam Negeri dalam pengawasan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah meliputi structure, system, strategy, style, staff, skills dan shared values. Hal ini tentunya sesuai dengan elemen yang terkandung dalam model 7S Mckinsey yang digunakan peneliti sebagai pisau analisis dalam menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa konsep structure follows function belum terlaksana dengan baik, masih adanya peraturan perundangan-undangan terkait pengawasan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah yang disharmoni, prinsip money follows program belum berjalan efektif, proses bisnis telah berjalan dengan baik namun APIP belum memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi dalam melaksanakan tugas, gaya kepemimpinan pimpinan tertinggi sangat partisipatif dan demokratis namun di sisi lain APIP belum ideal baik secara kuantitas dan kualitas, masih ada pegawai yang belum mengetahui dan belum menerapkan budaya organisasi Kementerian Dalam Negeri. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan adanya penguatan struktur kelembagaan melalui penggunaan konsep structure follows function maupun penguatan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait pengawasan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah, adanya penggunaan konsep money follows program dalam mendesain anggaran serta pemanfaatan kemajuan teknologi dalam mendukung pelaksanaan tugas pengawasan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah, membuat pola penerimaan, pengembangan karier serta pola pendidikan dan pelatihan agar dapat tercipta APIP yang memadai baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas dan melakukan sosialisasi terkait dengan nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam budaya organisasi Kementerian Dalam Negeri.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the factors affecting the effectiveness of the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Home Affairs in the supervision of the administration of local governance. This study uses the post-positivism paradigm with qualitative research methods. In-depth interviews and document studies were conducted to obtain the necessary data and information. This study explains that the factors affecting the effectiveness of the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Home Affairs in supervision the administration of local governance include structure, systems, strategy, style, staff, skills and shared values. This is certainly in accordance with the elements contained in the 7S Mckinsey model that researchers use as a knife analysis in answering research questions. The results of the study revealed that the concept of structure follows function has not been implemented well, there are still laws and regulations related to the supervision of harmonious regional governance, the principle of money follows program has not been effective, business processes have been running well but APIP has not utilized technological advancements in carrying out its tasks The leadership style of the highest leadership is very participatory and democratic, but on the other hand APIP is not ideal in terms of quantity and quality, there are still employees who do not know and have not applied the the organizational culture of the Ministry of Home Affairs. The results of this study suggest the strengthening of institutional structures through the use of the concept of structure follows function and the strengthening of legislation related to the supervision of regional government administration, the use of the concept of money follows program in designing budgets and the use of technological advancements in supporting the implementation of regional government supervision oversight tasks, creating patterns acceptance, career development and education and training patterns in order to create adequate APIP both in terms of quantity and quality and conduct socialization related to the values ​​contained in the organizational culture of the Ministry of Home Affairs."