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"Dismenorea menimbulkan dampak langsung yang cukup luas baik bagi penderita, keluarga, masyarakat ataupun negara dan bangsa. Masalah yang timbul dikaitkan dengan peningkatan angka absensi sekolah dan pekerjaan, yang berakibat pada penurunan produktivitas dan pada gilirannya akan mempengaruhi perekonomian negara dan bangsa. Pada studi yang pernah dilakukan oleh Park, pada suatu sekolah, menunjukkan 42% siswi harus absen atau tidak dapat beraktivitas karena keluhan dismenorea. Sementara dari penelitian lain yang pernah dilakukan oleh Andersch diteniukan angka absensi antara 34 sampai 50% pada perempuan yang mengalami dismenorea. Dari segi perekonomian Dawood mengemukakan bahwa di Amerika Serikat hampir 600 juta jam kerja yang setara dengan nilai 2 miliar dollar hilang setiap tahunnya akibat dismenorea yang terjadi pada perempuan usia reproduksi. Kerugian yang timbul juga berhubungan dengan jumlah biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk membeli obat dalam mengatasi gejala dismenorea yang timbal.Karena demikian luasnya dampak yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh dismenorea, maka penatalaksanaan yang tepat untuk mengatasi keluhan yang ada sangatlah diperlukan. Penatalaksanaan dismenorea yang dikemukakan pada berbagai kepustakaan meliputi penatalaksanaan non operatif dan operatif. Penatalaksanaan non operatif dapat berupa pemberian obat-obatan anti prostaglandin, kontrasepsi hormonal oral, antagonis kalsium, perangsang adrenoseptor beta, sediaan hormonal, asam lemak Omega 3, vitamin Bl, Magnesium. AIternatif lain yang pernah dikemukakan adalah dengan akupunktur dan transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS). Sedangkan terapi operatif dapat berupa dilatasi dan kuretase, laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation (LUNA), neurektomi presakral atau histerektomi total.Laparoscopie Uicrosacral Nerve Ablation (LUNA) merupakan tindakan operatif" dengan melakukan pemotongan persarafan uterus pada ligamentum sakrouterina dekat insersionya pada uterus dengan menggunakan teknik pendekatan laparoskopi. Cara ini saat ini menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam mengatasi dismenorea berat yang tidak respon dengan jenis pengobatan lainnya. Dengan pendekatan laparoskopi dan menggunakan suatu electro surgical system dilakukan pemotongan ligamentum sakrouterina pada insersionya dekat di uterus.Pemotongan ligamentum sakrouterina dapat dilakukan secara total/komplit ataupun parsial. Pada penelitian ini seianjutnya teknik pemotongan ligamentum sakrouterina secara total disebut dengan Ablasi Nervus Sakro Uterina per Laparoskopi (ANUL), sedangkan teknik koagulasi ligamentum sakrouterina secara menyeluruh disebut sebagai Koagulasi Ligamentum Sakro Uterina per Laparoskopi (KoLSU).Meskipun dari laporan penelitian di luar negeri efektifitas dan angka keberhasilannya cukup tinggi, namun di Indonesia belum pemah dilaporkan tingkat efektifitas dan keberhasilannya dalam mengatasi dismenorea berat. Oleh karena itu penelitian inl akan meneliti efektifitas kedua teknik tersebut dalam menurunkan keluhan dismenorea, dan sekaligus membandingkannya pada populasi tertentu oraag Indonesia yang menderita dismenorea berat.RUMUSAN MASALAHBelum diketahui perbedaan efektifitas Ablasi Nervus Sakro Uterina per Laparoskopi (ANUL) dengan Koagulasi Ligamentum Sakro Uterina per Laparoskopi (KoLSU ) dalam mengatasi dismenorea berat.TUJUAN PENELITIANTujuan Umum : Menilai dan membandingkan efektifitas ANUL dan KoLSU dalam mengatasi dismenorea berat.Tujuan Khusus:1. Mengetahul karakteristik demografi dan kiinis penderita dismenorea berat.2. Menilai patologi organ pelvik secara laparoskopi pada penderita dismenorea berat."

"Latar belakang: Endometriosis merupakan penyakit yang sering ditemukan melatarbelakangi infertilitas pada seorang wanita. Untuk meningkatkan angka kehamilan, pada kasus-kasus endometriosis yang diterapi program bayi tabung (IVF) dilakukan seleksi embrio. Penelitian ini ingin membuktikan efektifitas penilaian seleksi embrio terhadap keberhasilan kehamilan di sebuah rumah sakit di Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah sebuah studi epidemiologi klinik dengan rancangan potong-lintang pada pasien-pasien endometriosis yang datang pada kurun waktu 2007-2009 di sebuah rumah sakit di Jakarta. Pasien didiagnosis endometriosis menggunakan laparoskopi. Seleksi embrio dilakukan dengan metode penilaian morfologi dan jumlah sel. Data demografi, pemeriksaan laboratorium sampai kepada kehamilan diambil dari rekam medik untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut.Hasil: Sebanyak 72 subjek mengikuti program IVF dalam kurun waktu penelitian ini yang datanya berhasil diambil. Ada satu kasus yang di-drop out karena oosit tidak matur. Sementara yang mengalami pembuahan ada 65 orang, dimana dua tidak dilakukan transfer embrio. Diantara mereka yang dilakukan transfer embrio, terjadi 26 kehamilan (36,1%). Pada kasus endometriosis berat, kehamilan terjadi pada kualitas embrio excellent (50%) dan good-moderate (16,7%). Tetapi peluang tidak hamil yang ditemukan juga sama yaitu 50% pada kasus endometriosis berat. Pada kasus endometriosis ringan-sedang, peluang kehamilan bila embrio excellent adalah 39% dibandingkan good-moderate (25%). Bila dibandingkan dengan jumlah embrio yang ditransfer, maka probabilitas kehamilan meningkat 50% apabila ditransfer 3 embrio dibandingkan 1 atau 2 embrio.Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas embrio dan jumlah embrio transfer berperan meningkatkan peluang kehamilan pada pasien-pasien IVF. Namun karena dibandingkan peluang tidak hamil yang tidak berbeda bermakna, diperlukan marker lain yang lebih sensitif untuk menilai kualitas embrio transfer.

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AbstractBackground: Endometriosis is the most common condition underlying infertility in women. To increase the rate of pregnancy in women with endometriosis, embryo selection is performed during in vitro fertilization. This study aims to prove the effectiveness of embryo selection on the rate of pregnancy in a hospital in Jakarta.Methods: This is a cross sectional clinical epidemiology study, performed on endometriosis patients who visited the hospital between 2007 ? 2009. Patients were diagnosed with endometriosis using the laparoscopy technique. Embryo selection was performed by assessing the morphology and cell count.Results: We were able to collect data from 72 subjects who underwent IVF during this research period. One subject was dropped out of the program due to immaturity of the oocyte. Successful fertilization was achieved for 65 subjects, but two of them did not undergo embryo transfer. Out of all the subjects undergoing embryo transfer, 26 subjects successfully became pregnant (36.1%). In severe endometriosis cases, pregnancy was achieved with excellent quality embryos (50%) and good-moderate quality embryos (16.7%); but the probability of failure to become pregnant was found to be the same (50%). In mild-moderate endometriosis cases, the probability of pregnancy with excellent quality embryos was 39% compared to 25% chance with good-moderate quality embryos. Regarding the number of embryos that were transferred, we have found that the probability of pregnancy was 50% higher when 3 embryos were transferred, compared to 1 or 2 transferred embryos.Conclusion: This study shows that embryo quality and the number of transferred embryos are relevant to increase the probability of pregnancy in patients undergoing IVF. But because the probability of not achieving pregnancy is not significantly different, we need to find another marker that is more sensitive to assess the quality of embryo transfer."

"Latar belakang: Untuk menilai peningkatan imunitas selular terhadap biakan sel endometriosis dari sel LAK hasil perangsangan Sel Mononuklir Darah Tepi (SMDT) penderita endometriosis dengan IL-2. Metode: Studi ini merupakan penelitian kuasi-eksperimental pra dan pasca-perlakuan dengan menggunakan pembanding (kontrol). Dilakukan pemeriksaan fenotip CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+ dan CD56+ sel efektor dari SMDT endometriosis dan kontrol. Dilakukan pula uji sitotoksisititas SMDT penderita endometriosis dan kontrol terhadap lini-sel Daudi, K562, dan biakan sel endometriosis dengan menggunakan 51 Chromium pada teknik teraradioimun (radioimmunoassay, RIA). Hasil: Pada pemeriksaan fenotip SMDT dari 10 pasien endometriosis dan 6 pasien kontrol pada sebelum dan sesudah perangsangan dengan IL-2 ditemukan bahwa sebelum perangsangan dengan IL-2 ditemukan CD3+CD4+, CD56+ pada kelompok endometriosis lebih rendah daripada kelompok kontrol (p>0,05); fenotip CD3+ CD8+ pada kelompok endometriosis lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol. Setelah perangsangan dengan IL-2 ditemukan CD3+CD8+, CD56+ dari SMDT kelompok endometriosis lebih tinggi daripada sebelum perangsangan dengan IL-2 dan ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna (p < 0,05). Pada uji sitotoksisitas ditemukan peningkatan bermakna (p < 0,05) sitotoksisitas sel efektor baik pada SMDT endometriosis maupun SMDT kontrol terhadap sasaran (target) lini-sel Daudi dan K562 setelah perangsangan IL-2. Sitotoksisitas sel efektor baik pada SMDT endometriosis maupun SMDT kontrol terhadap sasaran biakan sel endometriosis setelah perangsangan IL-2 tampak meningkat. Kesimpulan: Sel LAK hasil perangsangan SDMT penderita endometriosis dengan IL-2 meningkatkan imunitas selular terhadap biakan sel endometriosis. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:87-93 ).

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Background: To assess the increased cellular immunity of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) derived LAK cells from endometriosis patients towards endometriosis cell cultures after stimulation with IL-2.

Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study of pre and post treatment using controls. Phenotype evaluation of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and CD56+ effector cells of PBMC from endometriosis patients and controls was performed. Cytotoxicity test of PBMC from endometriosis patients and control towards Daudi, K562 cell line and endometriosis cell cultures using 51Chromium release assay was also carried out.

Results: Phenotype evaluation of PBMC from endometriosis patients (n=10) and controls (n=6) were done prior to and after IL-2 stimulation. Before IL-2 stimulation, CD3+CD4+, CD56+ from endometriosis group (n=10) tend to be lower than control (n=6) whereas CD3+CD8 + were higher in endometriosis group than controls. After IL-2 stimulation, CD3+ CD8+, CD56+ of PBMC from endometriosis group were signifi cantly increased (p <0.05).Cytotoxicity test revealed a signifi cant increase (p <0.05) in both PBMCâ??s effector cells from endometriosis and control group towards target cells, Daudi, and K562 cell lines after IL-2 stimulation. PBMCâ??s effector cells cytotoxicity from both endometriosis and control towards target endometriosis cell cultures were also elevated after IL-2 stimulation.

Conclusion: LAK cells derived IL-2 stimulated PBMC from endometriosis patients increased cellular immunity towards endometriosis cell cultures. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:87-93 )."

"Latar belakang: Peran estrogen pada patofisiologi endometriosis sudah dikenal sejak lama. Namun, belum ada studi yang menganalisis rasio estradiol, estron dan estriol antara wanita dengan dan tanpa endometriosis. Tujuan: Menganalisis kadar estron (E1), estradiol (E2) dan estriol (E3) dalam darah dan rasio E2:E1, E2:E3 dan E1:E3 antara wanita dengan dan tanpa endometriosis. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang analitik, dengan 27 wanita dengan endometriosis dan 27 wanita tanpa endometriosis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sampel didapatkan dari RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dan rumah sakit jejaring lainnya periode Oktober 2012 - April 2013. Kadar metabolit estrogen dalam darah diperiksa dengan uji enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA). Perbandingan data antara dua kelompok dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Kadar estron ditemukan lebih rendah pada kelompok endometriosis dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (54,66 pg/ml vs 73,52 pg/ml, p 0,229). Demikian pula, kadar estradiol dan estriol lebih rendah pada kelompok endometriosis (29 pg/ml vs 35 pg/ml, p 0,815 dan 1,11 pg/ml vs 1,67 pg/ml, p 0.095, berturut-turut). Rasio E2:E1 lebih tinggi pada kelompok endometriosis (0,51 pg/ml vs 0,38 pg/ml, p 0,164), demikian pula dengan rasio E2: E3 (26,53 pg/ml vs 21,11 pg/ml , p 0,223) dan rasio E1:E3 (58,55 pg/ml vs 50,28 pg/ml, p 0,684). Namun, semua perbedaan itu tidak bermakna secara statistik. Kesimpulan: Kadar estron, estradiol, dan estriol pada wanita dengan kelompok endometriosis lebih rendah dibandingkan pada wanita tanpa endometriosis. Rasio E2: E1, E2: E3 dan E1: E3 lebih tinggi pada kelompok endometriosis. Namun, semua perbedaan itu tidak bermakna secara statistik.

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Background: The role of estrogen in the pathophysiology of endometriosis has been well known. However, no study has observed the ratio of estradiol, estrone, and estriol between women with endometriosis and without endometriosis.

Objectives: To assess the estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) blood level and its ratio (E2:E1, E2:E3 and E1:E3) between women with and without endometriosis.

Methods: An analytical cross sectional study with 27 women with endometriosis and 27 women without endometriosis who met the inclusion criteria. The samples were recruited in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital and other satellite hospitals from October 2012 to April 2013. The blood level of estrogen metabolites was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data comparison between two groups was analyzed by using Mann-Whitney test.

Result: The level of Estrone was found to be lower in endometriosis group compared to this in control group (54,66 pg/ml vs 73,52 pg/ml, p 0.229). Similarly, the level of estradiol and estriol were lower in endometriosis group (29 pg/ml vs 35 pg/ml, p 0.815 and 1,11 pg/ml vs 1,67 pg/ml, p 0.095, consecutively). The E2:E1 ratio was higher in endometriosis group (0,51 pg/ml vs 0,38 pg/ml, p 0.164), as well as E2:E3 ratio (26,53 pg/ml vs 21,11 pg/ml, p 0.223) and the E1:E3 ratio (58.55 vs 50.28, p 0.684). However, all those differences were not statistical significant.

Conclusion: The estrone, estradiol and estriol level in women with endometriosis group was lower compared to these in women without endometriosis group. The ratio E2:E1, E2:E3 and E1:E3 was higher in endometriosis group. However, all those differences were statistically insignificant."

"Membandingkan dan menentukan rerata kadar AMH serum pada wanita infertil dengan tanpa endometriosis serta mengetahui rerata kadar AMH serum pada masing-masing derajat endometriosis. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional). Enam puluh delapan subjek yang menjalani laparoskopi, yang masuk dalam kriteria penerimaan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok sama besar, yakni kelompok endometriosis dan tanpa endometriosis secara konsekutif (consecutive sampling). Masing-masing subjek diambil percontoh dari darah sebelum dilakukan laparoskopi kemudian diukur kadar AMH serum. Rerata masing-masing kelompok diuji statistik dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Rerata kadar AMH serum pada kelompok endometriosis lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tanpa endometriosis dan secara statistik berbeda bermakna (2,30+1,8 ng/ml vs 3,75+2,13 ng/ml; p=0,005). Dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis, didapatkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada subjek kelompok endometriosis berdasarkan derajat endometriosis (p=0,005). Bila dilakukan pengelompokkan kelompok endometriosis minimal-ringan dan kelompok endometriosis sedang-berat dibandingkan dengan kelompok tanpa endometriosis, maka hasilnya menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar AMH serum pada kelompok endometriosis minimal-ringan dengan kelompok tanpa endometriosis (p=0,34), sedangkan pada kelompok endometriosis sedang-berat dengan kelompok tanpa endometriosis terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,005).

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To compare and to determine the differences in levels of serum AMH in infertile women with and without endometriosis, and also to determine the mean levels of serum AMH in every grade of endometriosis.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. Sixty-eight subjects who have undergone laparoscopy fulfilled the inclusion criteria are included and divided into two groups, i.e groups of endometriosis and without endometriosis consecutively (consecutive sampling). Blood samples are taken from each subject before laparoscopy which is then measured the levels of serum AMH. The mean levels of each group are tested with an Mann-Whitney test.

Results: The mean levels of serum AMH were lower in the endometriosis group than that group without endometriosis and it was statistically significance ( 2,30+1,8 ng/ml vs 3,75+2,13 ng/ml; p=0,005). With Kruskal-Wallis test, it was found that there was statistically significant difference among endometriosis group based on grading. There was no different at the mean levels of serum AMH between the minimal-mild endometriosis group and without endometriosis group (p=0,34), but the mean levels of serum AMH was lower in the moderate-severe endometriosis compare to the group without endometriosis and it was statistically significance (p<0,005).

Conclusions: The mean levels of serum AMH in infertile women with endometriosis were lower than that group without endometriosis and were statistically significantly different. There was no different between the mean levels of serum AMH in minimal-mild endometriosis group and that group without endometriosis, while in moderate-severe endometriosis group, it was lower than without endometriosis and it was statistically significance."

"Pendahuluan: Endometriosis merupakan suatu kelainan jinak ginekologi yang dapat mengalami transformasi menjadi kanker. Stres oksidatif diduga berperan dalam perkembangan penyakit endometriosis. Gen supresor tumor ARID1A banyak ditemukan termutasi dan inaktif pada kanker ovarium yang berhubungan dengan endometriosis. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis peran stres oksidatif terhadap ekspresi gen supresor tumor ARID1A dalam transformasi endometriosis menjadi ganas. Metoda: Penelitian dimulai dengan 10 sampel jaringan kanker ovarium, 10 sampel endometriosis dan3 jaringan endometrium eutopik sebagai kontrol yang diisolasi mRNA dan proteinnya. Analisis ekspresi gen ARID1A pada tingkat mRNA dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan RT-qPCR dan pada tingkat protein dengan ELISA. Pada sel endometriosis dan kanker ovarium dilakukan analisis stres oksidatif dengan pemeriksaan aktivitas antioksidan MnSOD dan pemeriksaan kadar MDA sebagai salah bukti kerusakan salah satu komponen sel. Setelah itu dilakukan uji eksperimental pada kultur sel endometriosis dan endometrium eutopik sebagai kontrol. Kedua sel kultur diinduksi dengan H2O2 konsentrasi 0 nM, 100 nM, dan 1000 nM. Analisis dilakukan terhadap ketahanan hidup sel, kadar ROS dan ekspresi gen ARID1A pada tingkat mRNA dan protein. Hasil: Efek induksi H2O2 dalam menekan ekspresi gen ARID1A sel endometriosis dan sel endometrium eutopik pada tingkat mRNA dan protein, bermakna, meskipun pada kanker ovarium tidak bermakna pada penelitian ini. Kesimpulan: Stres oksidatif berperan dalam menekan ekspresi gen supresor tumor ARID1A ditingkat mRNA dan protein pada endometriosis.

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Introduction: Endometriosis as a gynecologic benign lesion, can transform itself into cancer. Oxidative stress is considered as an important factor in endometriosis development. Studies found that ARID1A as tumor suppressor gene, was frequently mutated and inactivated in endometriosis associated ovarian cancer. The aim of the study is to analyze the role of oxidative stress on ARID1A expresion in endometriosis malignant transformation.

Methods: This study started with ten samples of ovarian cancer, ten samples of endometriosis, and 3 samples of eutopic endometrioid tissues as control. They were analyzed for the expression of ARID1A by RT-qPCR and ELISA, then analyzed for the activity of MnSOD as antioxidant enzyme and level of malondialdehyde as one of the oxidative stress damage effect evidence on cell's components. The second part of the study was experimental study on cultured eutopic endometrial and endometriosis cells. They were induced by H2O2 of 0, 100, and 1000 nM concentration. Analysis of the expression of ARID1A by RTqPCR and ELISA, and the DCFH-DA for the level of Reactive oxygen species were done.

Result: The impact of the H2O2 induction in repressing ARID1A gene expression on the endometriosis as well on the eutopic endometrium cells are significant, but not on the ovarian cancer in this study.

Conclusion: Oxidative stress has a role in repressing the expression of ARID1A gene at the mRNA and protein levels on the endometriosis."

"Tujuan: Menilai keberadaan reseptor PPARγ serta membandingkan tampilan reseptor PPARγ pada endometrium eutopik dan ektopik pada penderita endometriosis Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional). Sepuluh subjek penderita endometriosis yang menjalani laparoskopi atau laparotomi, yang masuk dalam kriteria penerimaan (consecutive sampling) diambil dua percontoh, yakni endometrium eutopik dan endometrium ektopik yang berasal dari dinding kista endometriosis saat dilakukan pembedahan kemudian dilihat tampilan reseptor PPARγ dengan two-step RT-qPCR. Tampilan masing-masing percontoh diuji statistik dengan uji tes-t berpasangan dan tes korelasi Pearson. Hasil: Didapatkan tampilan reseptor PPARγ pada endometrium eutopik dan endometrium ektopik penderita endometriosis dengan metode RT-qPCR. Tampilan resptor PPARγ endometrium eutopik dan ektopik didapatkan secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (1.16 lipatan relatif vs 1.25 lipatan relatif; p=0.26). Pada uji korelasi Pesrson didapatkakan korelasi positif lemah antara tampilan PPARγ endometrium eutopik dan ektopik (r=0.16). Kesimpulan: Tampilan reseptor PPARγ pada endometrium eutopik dan ektopik penderita endometriosis didapatkan dengan metode two-step RT-qPCR. Dengan semikuantifikasi tampilan reseptor PPARγ tidak didapatkan perbedaan antara tampilan reseptor PPARγ pada endometrium eutopik dan ektopik pada penderita endometriosis. Terdapat korelasi positif lemah antara tampilan reseptor PPARγ pada endometrium eutopik dan ektopik pada penderita endometriosis.

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Objective: To evaluate the expression of the PPARγ receptor and to compare its expression in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium in women with endometriosis Method: This is a cross sectional study. Ten female subjects with endometriosis that underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited by consecutive sampling. Two samples were taken, eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometrium from endometriosis cyst wall during surgery of each subject, PPARγ expression was examined by two-step RT-qPCR. Each sample was statistically examined using the paired t-test and Pearson’s corelation test.

Result: PPARγ was found to be expressed in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis using the RT-qPCR method. The expression of PPARγ was not statistically different in eutopic and ectopic endometrium (1.16 relative fold vs 1.25 relative fold:p=0.26). By Pearson’s corelation there was a weak positive corelation between PPARγ expression of the eutopic and ectopic endometrium (r=0.16).

Conclusion: PPARγ was detected by two-step RT-qPCR in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Semiquantification of PPARγ expression showed that there was no significant difference betweenits expression in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. There was a weak postive corelation of PPARγ expression between the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Endometriosis merupakan kelainan ginekologik yang palingsering ditemukan. Seperti halnya endometrium di uterus juga dapat terjadiberbagai perubahan pada epitel yang melapisi kista endometriosis di ovarium,antara lain metaplasia, hiperplasia, atipia bahkan perubahan ke arah keganasan.Saat ini banyak penelitian yang menghubungkan antara endometriosis dan kankerovarium terutama jenis clear cell dan dikenal dengan istilah endometriosisassociatedovarian carcinoma (EAOC) dan dilaporkan adanya mutasi yangmenginaktifkan gen supresor tumor (ARID1A), sehingga protein BAF250a tidakdiekpresikan pada Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) ovarii.Bahan dan cara: Dilakukan pulasan imunohistokimia ARID1A pada sampel 20kasus endometriosis non atipik, 20 kasus atipik dan 20 kasus CCC ovarii tahun2012 hingga Maret 2015. Dari kelompok kasus CCC didapatkan 9 kasus EAOC.Selanjutnya dilihat adakah perbedaan persentase ekspresi ARID1A padaendometriosis non atipik, atipik, CCC ovarii serta endometriosis disertai CCC(EAOC).Hasil: Pada kelompok kasus endometriosis non atipik, atipik dan CCC adaperbedaan bermakna persentase ekspresi ARID1A (uji Kruskal-Wallis p=0,0035).Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis Post Hoc uji Mann-Whitney dan didapatkanperbedaan bermakna persentase ekspresi ARID1A antara endometriosis non atipikdan atipik dengan CCC ovarii (p=0,001 dan p=0,0015). Pada kelompok kasusendometriosis non atipik, atipik dan endometriosis pada EAOC, didapatkan adaperbedaan bermakna persentase ekspresi ARID1A (Uji Kruskal-Walis p=0,011).Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis Post Hoc uji Mann-Whitney dan ada perbedaanbermakna persentase ekspresi ARID1A antara endometriosis non atipik dan atipikdengan EAOC (p=0,005 dan p=0,008). Kesimpulan: Ekspresi ARID1A pada endometriosis non atipik dan atipik lebihtinggi bermakna dibanding CCC ovarii dan EAOC. Sehingga ekspresi ARID1Akemungkinan dapat digunakan sebagai petanda adanya transformasi ganas padaendometriosis.ABSTRACT Background: Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecologicalabnormalities found. Endometriosis cyst in the ovary also exhibited changes inepithelial cyst just like endometrium in the uterus. Changes in the epithelial cellsalso include metaplasia, hyperplasia, atyphia even changes toward malignancharacteristics. Nowadays, there are some research that linked endometriosis andclear cell ovarian cancer which is known with endometriosis-associated ovariancarcinoma (EAOC) it is reported that there?s a mutation that activated tumorsuppressor gene (ARID1A), so protein BAF250a is not expressed in Clear CellCarcinoma (CCC) in the ovarium.Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry staining of ARID1A were donein 20 samples of non-atypical endometriosis, 20 samples of atypicalendometriosis, 20 samples of CCC in the ovarium from the year 2012 until march2015. From the group that experienced CCC we get 9 cases of EAOC. After that,we see if there?s any difference in the percentage of ARID1A expression in nonatypicalendometrosis, atypical endometriosis, CCC in the ovarium andendometriosis with CCC( EAOC).Results: In non-atypical endometriosis, atypical and CCC cases groups there aresignificant differences on the percentage of ARID1A expression (Kruskal-Walistest p=0,0035). Post Hoc analysis were done using Mann-Whitney test and thereare significant differences on ARID1A expression between non-atypical andatypical endometriosis with CCC (p=0,001 and p=0,0015). In non-atypicalendometriosis, atypical and EAOC groups there are significant differences on thepercentage of ARID1A expression (Kruskal-Walis test p=0,011). Post Hocanalysis were done using Mann-Whitney test and there are significant differenceson ARID1A expression between non-atypical and atypical endometriosis withEAOC (p=0,005 and p=0,008).Conclusion: Expression of ARID1A in non atypical and atypical endometriosisare significantly higher compared to ovarian CCC and EAOC. So, we can say thatARID1A may be used as a marker for malignancy transformation inendometriosis.;Background: Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecologicalabnormalities found. Endometriosis cyst in the ovary also exhibited changes inepithelial cyst just like endometrium in the uterus. Changes in the epithelial cellsalso include metaplasia, hyperplasia, atyphia even changes toward malignancharacteristics. Nowadays, there are some research that linked endometriosis andclear cell ovarian cancer which is known with endometriosis-associated ovariancarcinoma (EAOC) it is reported that there?s a mutation that activated tumorsuppressor gene (ARID1A), so protein BAF250a is not expressed in Clear CellCarcinoma (CCC) in the ovarium.Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry staining of ARID1A were donein 20 samples of non-atypical endometriosis, 20 samples of atypicalendometriosis, 20 samples of CCC in the ovarium from the year 2012 until march2015. From the group that experienced CCC we get 9 cases of EAOC. After that,we see if there?s any difference in the percentage of ARID1A expression in nonatypicalendometrosis, atypical endometriosis, CCC in the ovarium andendometriosis with CCC( EAOC).Results: In non-atypical endometriosis, atypical and CCC cases groups there aresignificant differences on the percentage of ARID1A expression (Kruskal-Walistest p=0,0035). Post Hoc analysis were done using Mann-Whitney test and thereare significant differences on ARID1A expression between non-atypical andatypical endometriosis with CCC (p=0,001 and p=0,0015). In non-atypicalendometriosis, atypical and EAOC groups there are significant differences on thepercentage of ARID1A expression (Kruskal-Walis test p=0,011). Post Hocanalysis were done using Mann-Whitney test and there are significant differenceson ARID1A expression between non-atypical and atypical endometriosis withEAOC (p=0,005 and p=0,008).Conclusion: Expression of ARID1A in non atypical and atypical endometriosisare significantly higher compared to ovarian CCC and EAOC. So, we can say thatARID1A may be used as a marker for malignancy transformation inendometriosis.;Background: Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecologicalabnormalities found. Endometriosis cyst in the ovary also exhibited changes inepithelial cyst just like endometrium in the uterus. Changes in the epithelial cellsalso include metaplasia, hyperplasia, atyphia even changes toward malignancharacteristics. Nowadays, there are some research that linked endometriosis andclear cell ovarian cancer which is known with endometriosis-associated ovariancarcinoma (EAOC) it is reported that there?s a mutation that activated tumorsuppressor gene (ARID1A), so protein BAF250a is not expressed in Clear CellCarcinoma (CCC) in the ovarium.Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry staining of ARID1A were donein 20 samples of non-atypical endometriosis, 20 samples of atypicalendometriosis, 20 samples of CCC in the ovarium from the year 2012 until march2015. From the group that experienced CCC we get 9 cases of EAOC. After that,we see if there?s any difference in the percentage of ARID1A expression in nonatypicalendometrosis, atypical endometriosis, CCC in the ovarium andendometriosis with CCC( EAOC).Results: In non-atypical endometriosis, atypical and CCC cases groups there aresignificant differences on the percentage of ARID1A expression (Kruskal-Walistest p=0,0035). Post Hoc analysis were done using Mann-Whitney test and thereare significant differences on ARID1A expression between non-atypical andatypical endometriosis with CCC (p=0,001 and p=0,0015). In non-atypicalendometriosis, atypical and EAOC groups there are significant differences on thepercentage of ARID1A expression (Kruskal-Walis test p=0,011). Post Hocanalysis were done using Mann-Whitney test and there are significant differenceson ARID1A expression between non-atypical and atypical endometriosis withEAOC (p=0,005 and p=0,008).Conclusion: Expression of ARID1A in non atypical and atypical endometriosisare significantly higher compared to ovarian CCC and EAOC. So, we can say thatARID1A may be used as a marker for malignancy transformation inendometriosis.;Background: Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecologicalabnormalities found. Endometriosis cyst in the ovary also exhibited changes inepithelial cyst just like endometrium in the uterus. Changes in the epithelial cellsalso include metaplasia, hyperplasia, atyphia even changes toward malignancharacteristics. Nowadays, there are some research that linked endometriosis andclear cell ovarian cancer which is known with endometriosis-associated ovariancarcinoma (EAOC) it is reported that there?s a mutation that activated tumorsuppressor gene (ARID1A), so protein BAF250a is not expressed in Clear CellCarcinoma (CCC) in the ovarium.Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry staining of ARID1A were donein 20 samples of non-atypical endometriosis, 20 samples of atypicalendometriosis, 20 samples of CCC in the ovarium from the year 2012 until march2015. From the group that experienced CCC we get 9 cases of EAOC. After that,we see if there?s any difference in the percentage of ARID1A expression in nonatypicalendometrosis, atypical endometriosis, CCC in the ovarium andendometriosis with CCC( EAOC).Results: In non-atypical endometriosis, atypical and CCC cases groups there aresignificant differences on the percentage of ARID1A expression (Kruskal-Walistest p=0,0035). Post Hoc analysis were done using Mann-Whitney test and thereare significant differences on ARID1A expression between non-atypical andatypical endometriosis with CCC (p=0,001 and p=0,0015). In non-atypicalendometriosis, atypical and EAOC groups there are significant differences on thepercentage of ARID1A expression (Kruskal-Walis test p=0,011). Post Hocanalysis were done using Mann-Whitney test and there are significant differenceson ARID1A expression between non-atypical and atypical endometriosis withEAOC (p=0,005 and p=0,008).Conclusion: Expression of ARID1A in non atypical and atypical endometriosisare significantly higher compared to ovarian CCC and EAOC. So, we can say thatARID1A may be used as a marker for malignancy transformation inendometriosis."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Endometriosis merupakan kondisi yang sering ditemukan pada wanita usia reproduksi. Keterlambatan dignosis masih menjadi kendala. Saat ini, metode diagnosis non invasif termasuk transvaginal sonography telah direkomendasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi akurasi transvaginal sonogrpahy untuk mendiagnosis kista endometriosis di RS Cipto MangunkusumoMetode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian uji diagnostik yang dilakukan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo pada Januari 2014 ? Juni 2015. Subjek penelitian merupakan pasien rawat jalan dengan kecurigaan kista endometriosis berdasarkan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik. Pasien kemudian diperiksa transvaginal sonography oleh pemeriksa berpengalaman sesuai dengan protokol penelitian. Selanjutnya, pemeriksaan histologi dengan sediaan masa yang diambil dari prosedur operasi dijadikan baku emasHasil: Terkumpul 98 pasien yang dianalisis. Kista endometriosis terkonfirmasi pada 85 pasien (86,7%) berdasarkan pemeriksaan histologi. Akurasi, sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai duga positif dan nilai duga negatif transvaginal sonography yakni 84,9 (71,0-98,8)%, 92,9%, 76,9%, 96,3%, and 62,5%. Transvaginal sonography memiliki area under the curve yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan hanya pemeriksaan fisik (84,9% vs 78,8%).Kesimpulan: Transvaginal sonogprahy bermanfaat untuk mendiagnosis kista endometriosis dan dapat direkomendasikan dalam praktik sehari-hari

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ABSTRACTBackground: Endometriosis is common among reproductive age women. Late diagnosis is still the main concern. To date, non-invasive diagnostic test including transvaginal sonography is recommended. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of transvaginal sonography to diagnose endometriosis cyst among patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.Method: This was a diagnostic study performed in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2014 to June 2015. Outpatients with suspicion to have endometrial cyst based on patients? history and clinical examination were recruited. Patients were then scanned by experienced sonologist using transvaginal sonography following our research protocol. The gold standard was histologic finding of removed surgical massResults: A total of 98 patients were analyzed. Endometrial cyst was confirmed by histology among85 patients (86.7%). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of transvaginal sonography were 84.9 (71.0-98.8)%, 92.9%, 76.9%, 96.3%, and 62.5%, respectively. Transvaginal sonogpraphy significantly had higher area under the curve compared to clinical examination alone (84.9% vs 78.8%).Conclusion: Transvaginal sonography appears to be usefull to diagnose endometriosis cyst among outpatients and recommended in daily clincial practice"