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"One of the important substance in the Javanese tumeric was essential oil (atsiri). The essential oil of javanese tumeric was very useful for uman health and medical industries...."

"Jeruk limau adalah salah satu sumber minyak atsiri yang dapat dijumpai secara mudah di Indonesia, tetapi belum banyak penelitian yang menguji manfaatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi minyak atsiri kulit jeruk limau dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim tirosinase dan elastase, serta melakukan karakterisasi menggunakan pengukuran massa jenis, indeks refraksi, putaran optik, dan analisis GC-MS. Metode ekstraksi minyak atsiri dilakukan menggunakan distilasi air, kemudian pengujian antitirosinase dan antielastase dilakukan dengan mengukur absorbansi minyak atsiri dalam menghambat enzim menggunakan microplate reader. Asam kojat sebagai pembanding uji antitirosinase memiliki IC50 sebesar 4,26 μg/mL, sedangkan minyak atsiri kulit jeruk limau memiliki IC50 sebesar 235,89 μg/mL. Pada pengujian antielastase, pembanding kuersetin menunjukkan IC50 6,12 µg/mL terhadap enzim elastase, sedangkan minyak atsiri kulit jeruk limau memiliki IC50 sebesar 40,66 μg/mL. Nilai massa jenis minyak atsiri kulit jeruk limau sebesar 0,8317 g/mL, indeks refraksi sebesar 1,467, dan perputaran optik sebesar [α] 25 = +35,10 (c=1, neat, λ=589 nm) yang memberikan informasi awal mengenai kebenaran minyak atsiri yang diteliti. Hasil analisis GC-MS menunjukkan adanya senyawa aktif dalam minyak atsiri, yaitu β-pinena, d-limonena, sitronelal, sitronelol, dan α-pinena. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menunjukkan kebenaran minyak atisiri kulit jeruk limau dan potensinya sebagai ihibitor tirosinase dan elastase.

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One such source of essential oil is Citrus amblycarpa, commonly known as kaffir lime, which is readily available in Indonesia, but there have been limited studies exploring its potential applications. This research aims to investigate the inhibitory potential of kaffir lime peel essential oil against tyrosinase and elastase enzymes, while also characterizing its physical and chemical properties through density, refractive index, optical rotation, and GC-MS analysis. The essential oil was extracted using water distillation, and its anti- tyrosinase and anti-elastase activities were evaluated by measuring its absorbance using a microplate reader. The positive control, kojic acid, exhibited an IC50 value of 4.26 μg/mL in the anti-tyrosinase assay, while the kaffir lime peel essential oil sample showed an IC50 value of 235.89 μg/mL. In the anti-elastase assay, the positive control, quercetin, displayed an IC50 value of 6.12 µg/mL, while the kaffir lime peel essential oil sample demonstrated an IC50 value of 40.66 μg/mL. The measured density of kaffir lime peel essential oil was 0.8317 g/mL, with a refractive index of 1.467 and an optical rotation of [α]D25 = +35.10 (c = 1, neat, λ = 589 nm). GC-MS analysis identified several active compounds in the essential oil, including β-pinene, d-limonene, citronellal, citronellol, and α-pinene."

"Minyak atsiri merupakan minyak yang diekstrak dari tanaman yang memiliki banyak kegunaan, terutama dalam industri farmasi, kosmetik, dan aroma terapi untuk kesehatan. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan alat penyuling minyak atsiri agar minyak atsiri lebih memasyarakat dan sumber daya alam dalam bidang perkebunan dapat lebih termanfaatkan.Untuk tujuan tersebut di atas, maka dibuat alat penyuling minyak atsiri skala kecil/lab dengan menggunakan bahan yang lebih murah agar terjangkau oleh masyarakat yang ingin memproduksi sendiri minyak atsiri atau melakukan percobaan-percobaan dalam rangka pengembangan proses penyulingan minyak atsiri.Dari hasil percobaan proses penyulingan menggunakan alat yang telah dibuat, dapat simpulkan bahwa kualitas dan kuantitas minyak tergantung dari kondisi bahan baku, kepadatan bahan baku, jenis material alat dan lamanya waktu penyulingan.Bahan bakar briket lebih murah digunakan daripada minyak tanah, tetapi waktu penyulingan menjadi lebih lama. Alat penyuling skala kecil kurang ekonomis untuk keperluan produksi massal / bisnis, sehingga lebih tepat digunakan untuk percobaan-percobaan atau produksi sendiri dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis bahan baku.

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Essential Oils are extracted from plants which very useful, especially in farmacy, cosmetics industries and aroma theraphy for health.

So, it is very important to develop essential oil distiller in order to make the essential oils more popular and get more benefits from our nature recources in botanical/plantations.

For those purposes, mini essential oil disstiller was made using cheaper material, so it can be reached by people who want to produce essential oils by themselves or to do experiments in order to develop essential oils distillation process.

From essential oil distillation experiments used this mini distiller, can be concluded that the quality and quantity of essential oil depend on raw plantation condition, it's density, kind of material which is used to make distiller and how long the distillation process is.

The use of coal briquet is more economical than kerosine, but it takes longer time to do distillation process. This mini essential oil distiller is not economical for mass production or business, so it is more appropriate for experiments or self production uses many kind of raw plantations."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh diversifikasi produk ekspor terhadap kinerja ekspor minyak atsiri Indonesia pada sepuluh negara tujuan utama. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diversifikasi produk ekspor mempengaruhi kinerja ekspor minyak atsiri Indonesia pada sepuluh negara tujuan utama secara positif.Jika negara tujuan utama tersebut dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diversifikasi produk ekspor memberikan pengaruh yang lebih besar terhadap peningkatan kinerja ekspor minyak atsiri Indonesia di negara non Uni Eropa dibandingkan di negara Uni Eropa.

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ABSTRAK This study aims to determine the effect of export product diversification on export performance of Indonesian essential oils in ten main destination countries. It applies panel data regression. The result shows that the export product diversification affects the export performance of Indonesian essential oils in ten major destination countries positively. If the main destination countries were divided into two groups, the result shows that the export product diversification gives greater influence to the improvement of the export performance ofIndonesian essential oils in non European Union countries than in European Union countries."

"[ABSTRAKPestisida nabati berbasis minyak atsiri (essential oils) dapat dijadikan alternatif sebagaiprotektan tanaman terhadap serangan hama. Senyawa eugenol dalam minyak atsiri cengkehmenunjukkan beberapa aktivitas sebagai insektisida, anti jamur dan anti bakteri, namunbersifat sensitif terhadap degradasi oleh cahaya, panas, oksigen dan masa simpan yangpendek jika disimpan dalam kondisi tidak tepat. Enkapsulasi senyawa eugenol dirasa sangatpenting untuk melindungi senyawa yang sensitif dari degradasi, menutupi sifat yang tidakdiinginkan dari suatu senyawa, mengurangi kerugian akibat penguapan, mencegah terjadinyaikatan atau interaksi dengan komponen matriks lainnya dan memfasilitasi pelepasan yangterkontrol pada kondisi yang diiinginkan sehingga sesuai untuk dijadikan formula pestisidanabati. Proses optimasi nano enkapsulasi minyak cengkeh menggunakan Response SurfaceMethodology (RSM). Central Composite Design (CCD) digunakan untuk mempelajaripengaruh konsentrasi cengkeh, buffer fosfat dan kalsium klorida terhadap loading capacitydan efisiensi enkapsulasi produk nano-cengkeh. Persamaan kuadratik terhadap responloading capacity didapatkan Y= 60,46+ 7,06A + 6,81B - 0,088 C ?2,26AB + 1,75AC +2,49BC ? 4,99A2 ? 2,39B2 -2,36C2 , dan terhadap respon efisiensi enkapsulasi Y= 57,65 -20,67A ? 1,13B + 10,68 C ?5,32AB + 13,59AC + 0,65BC ? 1,00A2 + 11,85B2 -0,50C2.Optimasi variabel bebas untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimal respon loading capacity danefisiensi enkapsulasi berturut-turut sebesar 64,67% dan 79,64% dengan volume cengkeh ,fosfat dan kalsium masing-masing sebesar 9,82 ; 75 dan 18 ml. Diameter rata-ratananocengkeh terbaik yang didapatkan 179,83 nm. Dari uji sitotoksisitas dengan Brine ShrimpLethality Test (BSLT) didapatkan data LC50 minyak cengkeh tanpa enkapsulasi sebesar 7,35ppm (konsentrasi eugenol 4,445 μg/ml) sedangkan sediaan nanocengkeh sebesar 11,50 ppm(konsentrasi eugenol 0,264 μg/ml ) menunjukkan secara statistik efek enkapsulasi berbedasangat signifikan terhadap kematian larva Artemia salina Sp. dibandingkan tanpa enkapsulasidengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.

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ABSTRACTEssential oils based pesticides can be used as an alternative as crop protectant against pests.Eugenol in clove essential oil showed some activity as insecticides, anti-fungal and antibacterialbut it is sensitive to degradation by light, heat, oxygen and short shelf life whenstored in improper conditions. Encapsulation of eugenol was considered very important toprotect sensitive compound from degradation, covering undesirable properties, reducinglosses due to evaporation, prevent bonding or interaction with other matrix components, andfacilitate the controlled release conditions, so meet the requirement of a plant basedpesticides. Optimization process of nano encapsulation of clove oil extract using ResponseSurface Methodology (RSM). Central Composite Design (CCD) employed to study the effectconcentration of clove oil, phospat buffer and calcium chloride on the loading capacity andencapsulation efficiency of nano-clove product. Quadratic equation of the loading capacityresponse was obtained Y= 60,46+ 7,06A + 6,81B - 0,088 C ?2,26AB + 1,75AC + 2,49BC ?4,99A2 ? 2,39B2 -2,36C2, dan encapsulation efficiency response was obtained Y= 57,65 -20,67A ? 1,13B + 10,68 C ?5,32AB + 13,59AC + 0,65BC ? 1,00A2 + 11,85B2 -0,50C2.Optimization of independent variables to obtain optimum conditions loading capacity andencapsulation efficiency response respectively for 64.67% and 79.64% by volume clove oil,phospat buffer and calcium chloride respectively 9.82; 75 and 18 ml. The average diameterof the obtained nano-clove was 179.83 nm. The cytotoxicity assay using Brine ShrimpLethality Test (BSLT) LC50 data obtained, clove oil without encapsulation was 7.35 ppm(eugenol concentration 4.445 μg/ml), while preparations nano-clove was 11.50 ppm (eugenolconcentration 0.264 μg/ml) showed that a statistically encapsulation effects different verysignificantly on mortality of larvae Artemia salina Sp. compared without encapsulation with aconfidence level of 95%., Essential oils based pesticides can be used as an alternative as crop protectant against pests.Eugenol in clove essential oil showed some activity as insecticides, anti-fungal and antibacterialbut it is sensitive to degradation by light, heat, oxygen and short shelf life whenstored in improper conditions. Encapsulation of eugenol was considered very important toprotect sensitive compound from degradation, covering undesirable properties, reducinglosses due to evaporation, prevent bonding or interaction with other matrix components, andfacilitate the controlled release conditions, so meet the requirement of a plant basedpesticides. Optimization process of nano encapsulation of clove oil extract using ResponseSurface Methodology (RSM). Central Composite Design (CCD) employed to study the effectconcentration of clove oil, phospat buffer and calcium chloride on the loading capacity andencapsulation efficiency of nano-clove product. Quadratic equation of the loading capacityresponse was obtained Y= 60,46+ 7,06A + 6,81B - 0,088 C –2,26AB + 1,75AC + 2,49BC –4,99A2 – 2,39B2 -2,36C2, dan encapsulation efficiency response was obtained Y= 57,65 -20,67A – 1,13B + 10,68 C –5,32AB + 13,59AC + 0,65BC – 1,00A2 + 11,85B2 -0,50C2.Optimization of independent variables to obtain optimum conditions loading capacity andencapsulation efficiency response respectively for 64.67% and 79.64% by volume clove oil,phospat buffer and calcium chloride respectively 9.82; 75 and 18 ml. The average diameterof the obtained nano-clove was 179.83 nm. The cytotoxicity assay using Brine ShrimpLethality Test (BSLT) LC50 data obtained, clove oil without encapsulation was 7.35 ppm(eugenol concentration 4.445 μg/ml), while preparations nano-clove was 11.50 ppm (eugenolconcentration 0.264 μg/ml) showed that a statistically encapsulation effects different verysignificantly on mortality of larvae Artemia salina Sp. compared without encapsulation with aconfidence level of 95%.]"

"ABSTRAKTesis ini menganalisa pengaruh daya saing terhadap kinerja ekspor minyak atsiri Indonesia pada sepuluh negara tujuan ekspor. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya saing mempengaruhi kinerja ekspor minyak atsiri Indonesia pada sepuluh negara tujuan utama secara positif. Berdasarkan perhitungan RCA Dinamis pada negara Amerika Serikat, India, Cina, Perancis, Belanda, Spanyol, Swiss, Inggris dan Jerman diketahui minyak atsiri Indonesia masuk dalam kategori Rising Star, artinya minyak atsiri Indonesia memiliki keunggulan daya saing pada negara-negara tersebut. Di Singapura, minyak atsiri Indonesia masuk dalam kategori Lagging Opportunity, artinya minyak atsiri Indonesia kehilangan peluang pasarnya

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ABSTRACTThis thesis analyzes competitive effects of Indonesian essential oil exports performance in ten export destinations. By using regression panel data and interviews. The results showed that the competitiveness influence the Indonesian essential oil export performance in ten main destination countries. Based on RCA Dynamic calculations on the United States, India, China, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, the UK and Germany are known Indonesian essential oil in the category of Rising Star, which means the essential oil Indonesia has a competitive advantage in these countries. In Singapore, Indonesia essential oil into the category Lagging Opportunity, means the essential oil Indonesia lost market opportunities."