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"Skripsi ini membahas penggunaan generator DC untuk system regenerative yang akan diaplikasikan pada stairlift. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pemilihan jenis dan spesifikasi generator yang digunakan, jenis dan spesifikasi baterai yang digunakan,jenis perancangan sistem regenerative, serta spesifikasi dan jalur rangkaian kelistrikan yang akan digunakan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah system regenerative pada stairlift rancangan penulis menggunakan Generator DC dengan spesifikasi 24 Volt 10A yang digunakan sebagai system regenerative pada stairlift yang akan dianalisis untuk dibandingkan dengan Generator DC dengan spesifikasi 24 Volt 25A. Untuk baterai yang digunakan, didapat baterai Ion Lithium dengan spesifikasi 24 Volt, 20 A, 10 Ah. Untuk sistem jalur penggerak, ditentukan bahwa stairlift akan menggunakan sistem rantai dimana rantai akan menempel pada sprocket dengan menjadikan rantai sebagai rel dan sprocket menjadi penggerak yang bergerak pada rel rantai. Sistem penggerak yang telah dirancang dan dibuat sudah bekerja sesuai dengan standarisasi ASME A18.1 dimana antara lain sudut kemiringan, bobot maksimal, dan kecepatan maksimal, pada penelitian ini bisa disimpulkan bahwa daya dan efisiensi generator DC 24V/25A lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan generator DC 24V/10A karena untuk menghasilkan output yang sama generator DC 24V/25A membutuhkan daya input yang lebih kecil sehingga membuat generator DC 24V/25A lebih efisien untuk digunakan pada stairlift ini.

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This thesis discusses the use of a DC generator for a regenerative system that will be applied to a stairlift. The research begins with the selection of the type and specifications of the generator used, the type and specifications of the battery used, the design type of the regenerative system, and the specifications and electrical circuit paths that will be used. The result of this research is that the regenerative system on the stairlift designed by the author uses a DC generator with specifications of 24 Volts 10A, which is used as the regenerative system on the stairlift to be analyzed and compared with a DC generator with specifications of 24 Volts 25A. For the battery used, a Lithium-Ion battery with specifications of 24 Volts, 20A, 10 Ah was obtained. For the drive system, it was determined that the stairlift would use a chain system where the chain would be attached to the sprocket, making the chain the track and the sprocket the driver that moves on the chain track. The drive system that has been designed and built already works according to the ASME A18.1 standards, which include the angle of inclination, maximum weight, and maximum speed. In this research, it can be concluded that the power and efficiency of the 24V/25A DC generator are more efficient compared to the 24V/10A DC generator because, to produce the same output, the 24V/25A DC generator requires a smaller input power, making the 24V/25A DC generator more efficient for use in this stairlift."

"Pada Laboratorium Tegangan Tinggi Universität Duisburg-Essen, terdapat generator impuls yang dibangun pada 1986. Kondisi generator saat ini masih berfungsi normal, namun sistem kontrolnya telah mencapai akhir usia pakainya. Generator impuls yang ada saat ini dilengkapi oleh dokumentasi yang lengkap, termasuk diagram sirkuit dari seluruh papan sirkuit yang ada. Peremajaan atau penggantian sistem yang ada memerlukan pemahaman yang dalam akan sistem kerja dari generator impuls tersebut, terutama sistem kontrol keselamatan memiliki pengaruh penting pada sistem yang lengkap. Pemahaman sistem kontrol keselamatan seperti bagaimana pengaruh sistem pintu terhadap kendali generator, cara kerja sistem pentanahan, modul pembalik polaritas, dan lain-lain. Langkah awal adalah penyelidikan prinsip kerja dari sistem kontrol keselamatan. Nantinya, penyelidikan akan menentukan persyaratan untuk sistem modern sesudahnya. Tesis ini membahas tentang pemeriksaan rangkaian pengaman generator tegangan impuls. Pemeriksaan terdiri dari analisis elemen rangkaian, identifikasi titik-titik penting, dan analisis masukan-keluaran. Hasil pemeriksaan akan menentukan efek dari masing-masing elemen rangkaian dan elemen beralih ke kerja sistem. Hasil pemeriksaan akan digunakan dalam pengembangan sistem modern baru.

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In the high voltage laboratory of the University Duisburg-Essen, there is an impulse generator built in the year 1986. The generator is well-functioning, but the control system reaches the end of its life. The advantage of this old relay driven system is the complete documentation, including the circuit diagrams of all printed circuit boards. For the replacement of the control system, the understanding of the working principle of the old one is essential. Especially the safety control system has an essential influence on the complete system. It is only possible to switch on the system if the door is closed, disconnection of the grounding system, the polarity reversing module has reached the right position, et cetera. The initial step is the investigation of the working principle of the safety control system. Later, the investigation will define the requirements for a modern system afterward. This thesis covers the examination of the safety circuit of the impulse voltage generator. The examination comprises circuit elements analysis, switching points identification, and the input-output analysis. The results of the examination will determine the effect of each circuit element and switching elements to the working of the system. The examination results will benefit the development of a new modern system.

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"ABSTRAKDesain sistem starter otomatis ini dirancang untuk menjawab kebutuhan otomasi pada kendaraan listrik hibrida serial dalam hal manajemen penyalaan generator dan pemindahan kontak listrik generator-charger dan PLN-charger. Scara garis besar sistem dibagi menjadi dua buah bagian: sistem penyalaan generator otomatis dan sistem pengalih kontak otomatis. Masing-masing sistem bekerja secara independen dalam melakukan fungsinya masing-masing. Sistem penyalaan generator otomatis akan menyalakan generator secara otomatis jika SOC baterai sudah rendah. Sistem pengalih kontak otomatis akan menyambungkan dan melepaskan kontak generator-charger atau PLN-charger sesuai keperluan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan analitis dan eksperimental pembuatan alat. Sistem pegalih kontak otomatis dapat bekerja pada voltase input 220 V AC dengan kapasitas arus hingga 10 A. Sistem penyalaan generator otomatis akan menyalakan generator jika tegangan OCV baterai sudah kurang dari 3600 mV. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, akan lebih baik jika sistem dilengkapi dengan perhitungan performa untuk pertimbangan penyalaan generator.

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ABSTRACT

This automatic starter system is designed to answer the need of automation for serial hybrid electric vehicles in the management of generator starting and electric contact switching between generator-charger and grid-charger. The whole system is divided into two: automatic generator starting system and automatic contact switching system. Each system works independently and does its own function. The automatic generator starting system will automatically start the generator if the battery SOC runs out. The automatic contact switching system will connect or disconnect generator-charger or grid-charger contact as needed. The experiment is done by means of analytic approach and prototype experimentation. The automatic switching system can operate at 220 V AC input voltage and maximum current of 10 A. The automatic generator starter system will start the generator if the battery OCV voltage goes below 3600 mV. For further research, it will be better if the system is equipped with performance calculation as a concideration to start the generator."

"ABSTRAKPemakaian bahan bakar adalah komponen nomor dua terbesar dalam biayaoperasional kapal. Salah satu sumber pemakaian bahan bakar pada kapal adalahpenggunaan mesin bantu untuk sumber energi listrik pada kapal. Penggunaanalternator yang memanfaatkan putaran mesin induk dapat menjadi alternatifsumber energi listrik kapal. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan perancangan penggunaansistem alternator yang memanfaatkan putaran mesin induk yang sesuai pada kapal.Kapal Titan 31 milik PT NTT adalah salah satu kapal penarik barge bermuatanbatu bara yang cukup banyak menghabiskan bahan bakar. Hasil dari penelitian iniadalah perancangan pemasangan alternator pada kapal Titan 31. Setelah dilakukananalisa penghematan bahan bakar, pengunaan alternator memanfaatkan putaranmesin induk dapat menghemat 875.25 liter bahan bakar dalam sekali perjalanan

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ABSTRACTFuel consumptiont is the second largest component in vessel operating cost. Onesource of fuel use on ships is the use of auxiliary engine to generate electrical onship. Use of the alternator which utilizes round main engine can be alternativesource of electrical energy. Therefore it os necessary to design system use analternator utilizes stem spin main engine that fits on the ship. Titan 31 shipsowned by PT NTT is one tugboat barge loaded with coal were pretty much spentfuel. The results of this research is to design the installation of the alternator onthe vessel Titan 31. After analysis to fuel savings, the use of the alternator harnessstem spin machine can save 875.25 liters of fuel per trip;"

"ABSTRAKPLTMG Bontang II Kaltim merupakan salah satu unit pembangkit yang baru yang di miliki oleh PT. Bumi Bayu Gemilang . PLTMG Bontang II Kaltim mengoperasikan pembangkit listrik dengan kapasitas 4 x 2 MW. pembangkit listrik ini menyuplai daya listrik pada beban utama pada Priority Customer. Selain itu sistem pembangkit ini juga tersambung dengan jaringan PLN untuk memberikan kelebihan daya pada beban utama. Sebagai sistem pembangkitan yang baru, diperlukan pemodelan sistem yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisa kinerja secara keseluruhan sistem. Pada tugas akhir ini analisa yang dilakukan adalah analisa kestabilan transien pada saat sistem beroperasi dengan 4 generator pararel island mode dan ketika 4 generator pararel terhubung jaringan PLN. Analisa di lakukan dengan melihat pengaruh gangguan-gangguan yang mungkin terjadi, dimana gangguan terebut berupa gangguan hubung singkat, motor starting, dan lepasnya generator. Dari hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan saat sistem beroperasi dengan mode 4 generator pararel island mode sistem dapat dikatakan stabil. Selain itu saat sistem beroperasi mode 4 generator pararel terhubung jaringan PLN, terjadi penurunan nilai sudut rotor melebihi batas normal yaitu ±90, sehingga dibutuhkan skema pelepasan generator. sedangkan saat starting motor dengan kapasitas terbesar, sistem menjadi tidak stabil dan membuat nilai tegangan tiap bus menjadi tidak normal untuk kedua jenis mode operasi pembangkitan, oleh karena itu di perlukan penambahan kapasitor bank untuk memperbaiki nilai tegangan pada tiap bus.

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ABSTRACT

PLTMG II Bontang East Kalimantan is one of the new generating unit which is owned by PT. Bayu Earth Gemilang. Bontang, East Kalimantan PLTMG II operates power plants with a capacity of 4 x 2 MW. The power plant supplies electrical power to the main load on a Priority Customer. Besides generating system is also connected to the grid to provide excess power to the main load. As a new generation system, the necessary modeling system that can be used to analyze the overall performance of the system. In this final analysis was performed on the transient stability analysis of the current operating system with 4 parallel generator island mode when the 4 generators and grid connected in parallel. The analysis is done by looking at the effect of disturbances that may occur, where the disturbances stretcher a short circuit, motor starting, and the loss of the generator. From the analysis it can be concluded when the system is operating with a generator mode 4 modes island parallel system can be said to be stable. Additionally when the system is in operation mode 4 parallel connected generators of electricity networks, a decline in the value of the angle of the rotor exceeds the normal range is ± 90, so it takes a generator release scheme. while when starting the motor with the largest capacity, the system becomes unstable and make the value of each bus voltage becomes abnormal for both types of operation modes of generation, therefore in need of additional capacitor banks to correct the value of the voltage at each bus.

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"Saat ini turbin angin kecepatan rendah terus mengalami kemajuan, terutama pada daerah dengan kecepatan angin yang rendah. Berbagai jenis generator dicoba untuk menghasilkan energi listrik yang maksimal pada turbin jenis ini, diantaranya adalah generator axial cakram tunggal, dinamo sepeda, generator dc, dan alternator mobil. Pada pembahasan skripsi ini diketahui generator yang cocok untuk turbin angin ini adalah generator axial cakram tunggal dan dinamo sepeda, oleh karena itu selanjutnya akan dibahas mengenai unjuk kerja masingmasing generator khususnya generator axial cakram tunggal dan dinamo sepeda dalam hal kecepatan putar generator, tegangan yang dibangkitkan, dan daya yang dihasilkan. Kedua generator tersebut akan dibandingkan sebagai pembangkit yang paling efisien pada turbin angin kecepatan rendah tipe savonius. Hasil dari pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa rancang bangun generator axial cakram tunggal lebih baik dibandingkan dengan dinamo sepeda dalam hal kecepatan putar generator, tegangan yang terinduksi, dan daya yang dihasilkan.

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Nowadays the low speed wind turbine continues to progress, especially at the area which has a low wind speed. Various types of generator are being experimented to improve the electrical power in this turbine, for example are single disc axial generator, bicycle?s dynamo, DC generator, and car?s alternator. In this bachelor thesis, single disc axial generator and bicycle?s dynamo are the most fit generator that can be used in this wind turbine, so this thesis will explain about performance from each generator (axial generator and bicycle dynamo) which like the speed of generator, induction voltage, and the power from generator. Both of them will be compared as a most efficient generator in savonius low speed wind turbine. Hasil dari pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa rancang bangun generator axial cakram tunggal lebih baik dibandingkan dengan dinamo sepeda dalam hal kecepatan putar generator, tegangan yang terinduksi, dan daya yang dihasilkan. Result of the measurement indicate that single disc axial generator is better than bicycle?s dynamo in case of speed of generator, induction voltage, and power."

"This is the first of a two-volume work covering the electrical principles syllabuses of all the major examining bodies including City & Guilds of London Institute's electrical craft courses. It is also suitable for a wide range of other courses, including the first three years of the BTEC electrical series. Great care has been taken to ensure that the text fully covers the content of the syllabuses concerned, both as published and as interpreted by the examiners in the past. The book is well illustrated with almost 200 line diagrams and photographs. Theories are explained with the help of almost 100 worked examples, an important aid to understanding the practical applications, and there are more than 300 graded exercises for which numerical answers are provided as well as nearly 250 multiple choice questions with solutions. These features make the book ideal as a class text as well as being particularly suitable for private study. A complete list of symbols, abbreviations and units is included, along with eight tables of relevant data and introduction to SI units, this system being used throughout. Each chapter concludes with a summary of the formulas introduced in it. This book will also be useful to practicing technicians wishing to extend their grasp of electrical principles to meet the rapidly expanding requirements of the industry."

"This is the second of a two-volume work covering the electrical principles syllabuses of all the major examining bodies including City & Guilds of London Institute's electrical craft courses. It is also suitable for a wide range of other courses, including the first three years of the BTEC electrical series. Great care has been taken to ensure that the text fully covers the content of the syllabuses concerned, both as published and as interpreted by the examiners in the past. The book is well illustrated with almost 200 line diagrams and photographs. Theories are explained with the help of almost 100 worked examples, an important aid to understanding the practical applications, and there are more than 300 graded exercises for which numerical answers are provided as well as nearly 250 multiple choice questions with solutions. These features make the book ideal as a class text as well as being particularly suitable for private study. A complete list of symbols, abbreviations and units is included, along with eight tables of relevant data and introduction to SI units, this system being used throughout. Each chapter concludes with a summary of the formulas introduced in it. This book will also be useful to practicing technicians wishing to extend their grasp of electrical principles to meet the rapidly expanding requirements of the industry."

"In electric power systems that consist of some generators, electric power stability in supplies sidebecomes the most important problems, which must be paid attention. In the interconnection system, ifthere are some troubles in transmission, generator or load will cause another generators feel theexistence of instability condition. For instability condition which not too serious, system can overcomethe fault and will not influence stability of system as a whole. However, for in big scale of fault andhappened in a long duration can be ejected system becoming unstable and will result hampered ofelectrics energy supply to the load For the worst condition could be blackout condition.This article studies about improvement of the stability of the system by using excitation current andthe prime mover of generators, which is coordinated fuzzy logic control in synchronize generator. Byusing annexation from three methods above, the condition of stability of the power system can attain thestability. The transient stability needed control in order that system with good stability can return tonormal condition. Faulted electric power system often caused by failure in controlling the transientstability. It is because in transient stability forms critical condition for electrical power system. By controlling the level of excitation current and mechanical energy from the prime mover ofgenerators which controlled by fuzzy logic when the fault is happened will make acceleration areabecome decreasing and deceleration area become increasing with the result that system can be stablequickly. It visible that from result of simulation obtained if using generator oscillation of fuzzy logiccontrol, transient period becoming shorter and amplitude of oscillation wave is smaller compare by usingwithout fuzzy logic. Likewise, this method is able loo to overcome transient condition at starting period ofa generator."