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Abstrak :
Tugas akhir ini membahas mengenai analisis gelar Sultan Hamengku Buwana VIII ndash; X dan gelar anak-anaknya. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah gelar Sultan Hamengku Buwana VIII-X dan gelar anak-anaknya dalam buku berjudul Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat ndash; Sujarah sarta Sawatawis Pranatan Lampah Budaya/ Adat tahun 1943. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk gelar Sultan Hamengku Buwana VIII ndash; X dan gelar anak-anaknya. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep frasa nominal Gina 1981 . Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah, kata yang dipertahankan dalam gelar anak Sultan Hamengku Buwana VIII ndash; X terletak pada kata kedua, serta kata kedua dan ketiga. Kemudian, frasa yang dipertahankan dalam gelar Sultan terletak pada frasa pertama dan kedua. Kata Ayu, Ageng, dan Ajeng dalam gelar anak perempuan posisinya tidak mungkin berada sebagai kata pertama gelar. Kata pertama hanya dapat berupa Raden, Gusti, Bendara, dan Kangjeng. Dalam gelar anak laki-laki, kata Harya dan Mas posisinya tidak mungkin berada sebagai awalan gelar, dan tidak dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai satuan gelar. Kata pertama dalam gelar anak laki-laki hanya berupa Gusti, Bendara, dan Kangjeng. ...... This thesis describes about analysis of Sultan Hamengku Buwana VIII ndash X rsquo s title and his child rsquo s title. The data used in this research is title of Sultan Hamengku Buwana VIII ndash X and his child rsquo s title in the book entitled Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat ndash Sujarah sarta Sawatawis Pranatan Lampah Budaya Adat. The book was published in 1943. The purpose of this thesis is to find out the title rsquo s form of Sultan Hamengku Buwana VIII ndash X and his children. The researcher uses nominal phrase concept of Gina 1981 . The research method that is used is descriptive analysis. The result of this research is that the main word which is maintained of Sultan Hamengku Buwana VIII ndash X rsquo child title are the second word and the second and third words. In addition, the maintained phrase in Sultan Hamengku Buwana rsquo s title is the first and second phrases. Ayu, Ageng, and Ajeng in the title of the daughter, could not be the first word of the title. The first word should be only be Raden, Gusti, Bendara, and Kangjeng. In a boy 39 s title, Harya and Mas unlikely to be a starting point, and can not stand alone as a unit of titles. The first word in a boy 39 s title is only Gusti, Bendara, and Kangjeng.

Abstrak :
This volume brings together the latest research on the semantics of nouns in both familiar and less well-documented languages, including English, Mandarin Chinese, Russian, the Papuan language Koromu, the Dravidian language Solega, and Pitjantjatjara/​Yankunytjatjara from Australia. Chapters offer systematic and detailed analyses of scores of individual nouns across a range of conceptual domains, including 'people', 'places', and 'living things', with each analysis fully grounded in a unified methodological framework. They not only cover central theoretical issues specific to the analysis of the domain in question, but also empirically investigate the different types of meaning relations that hold between nouns, such as meronymy, hyponymy, taxonomy, and antonymy.

Abstrak :
Perbedaan sistem bahasa kerap kali menimbulkan masalah penerjemahan. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan strategi agar penerjemah dapat menghantarkan informasi dalam suatu bahasa ke bahasa lain dengan baik dan benar. Pada penelitian ini, objek yang dianalisis adalah frasa nominal dengan inti nomina aksi deverbal pada tujuh artikel ilmiah dalam prosiding 50 Jaar Nederlands in Indonesia '50 Tahun Studi Belanda di Indonesia’ yang ditulis oleh penutur asli Belanda dan terjemahannya. Inti dari frasa yang dijadikan data merupakan nomina aksi deverbal bersufiks -ing dan derivasi nol. Dalam penelitian ini, dianalisis pola pemadanan inti frasa juga strategi penerjemahan sintaktis dengan merujuk pada Strategi Penerjemahan Sintaktis Chesterman. Berdasarkan padanan inti frasa nominalnya, ditemukan pola bahwa nomina bersufiks -ing dapat diterjemahkan menjadi nomina bahasa Indonesia berafiks per—an, peng—an, -an, dan nomina tanpa afiks. Strategi penerjemahan sintaktis Chesterman yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini adalah pergeseran struktur frasa (76%), penerjemahan harfiah (10%), transposisi (11%), dan pergeseran unit (3%). Pergeseran struktur frasa sebagai strategi paling banyak dilakukan (75%) karena perbedaan sistem bahasa Belanda dan bahasa Indonesia. ......Differences in languages system often leads to translation problems. Therefore, strategies are needed to help translator deliver information to another language properly. The object analyzed in this study are deverbal noun phrase in seven research papers texts written by native Dutch speakers and its translation which published in the proceeding 50 Jaar Nederlands in Indonesië ’50 Tahun Studi Belanda di Indonesia’. The corpus is noun phrase with deverbal action nouns with -ing suffix and zero derivation as its head. In this research, the equivalence of head of phrase and translation strategy that refer to Chesterman syntactic translation strategies are explained. Based on the head of noun phrase equivalent, it was found that deverbal action nouns with -ing suffix can be translated into Indonesian nouns with per—an, peng—an, -an affixes, and simple noun. Four Chesterman’s syntactic translation was found, namely phrase structure shift (75%), literal translation (11%), transposition (11%), and unit shift (3%). Phrase structure shift dominate (75%) due to differences in the Dutch and Indonesian language systems.

Abstrak :
The “subject” of a sentence is a concept that presents great challenges to linguists. Most languages have something which looks like a subject, but subjects differ across languages in their nature and properties, making them an interesting phenomenon for those seeking linguistic universals. This pioneering volume takes a new approach to subjects, addressing their nature from a simultaneously formal and typological perspective. Dividing the subject into two distinct grammatical functions, it shows how the nature of these functions explains their respective properties, and argues that the split in properties shown in “ergative” languages (whereby the subject of intransitive verbs is marked as an object) results from the functions being assigned to different elements of the clause. Drawing on data from a typologically wide variety of languages, and examining a range of constructions, this book explains why, even in the case of very different languages, certain core properties can be found.

Abstrak :
For decades, generative linguistics has said little about the differences between verbs, nouns, and adjectives. This book seeks to fill this theoretical gap by presenting simple and substantive syntactic definitions of these three lexical categories. Mark C. Baker claims that the various superficial differences found in particular languages have a single underlying source which can be used to give better characterizations of these “parts of speech.” These new definitions are supported by data from languages from every continent, including English, Italian, Japanese, Edo, Mohawk, Chichewa, Quechua, Choctaw, Nahuatl, Mapuche, and several Austronesian and Australian languages. Baker argues for a formal, syntax-oriented, and universal approach to the parts of speech, as opposed to the functionalist, semantic, and relativist approaches that have dominated the fewpreviousworks on this subject.