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"Sektor industri merupakan pengguna energi terbesar di Indonesia dan menghasilkan emisi CO2 ketiga terbesar dengan persentase sebesar 27% dari total emisi CO2 di keseluruhan sektor. Dengan itu, banyak negara-negara yang melakukan segala cara untuk dekarbonisasi dari mulai penerapan kebijakan energi hijau, Untuk Indonesia pengimplementasi dekarbonisasi sektor industri masih terbatas pada peningkatkan energi efisiensi. Tesis ini dibuat bertujuan melakukan dekaarbonisasi sektor industri pupuk dan industri baja dengan cara melalui pemanfaataan energi hijau. Metode yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini terbagi atas dua cara yang pertama adalah bedasarkan Teknologi yaitu pada industri pupuk mengganti suplai listrik PLTG ke PLTA dan pada industri baja mengganti suplai listrik dari grid ke PLTA dan REC. Dan yang kedua bedasarkan Non-Teknologi seperti Membuat skenario BAU, RE, REC dengan tujuan agar mendapatkan hasil penurunan pada jejak karbon yang terbanyak dan biaya pokok produksi / biaya energi yang murah. Hasilnya pada Urea & Ammonia Industry di dapatkan CO2 emissions sebesar 9498056 ton CO2/tahun tapi jika membandingkan antara skenario REC vs BAU terjadi Pengurangan Emisi CO2 sebesar 24,23%, jika membandingkan antara skenario RE vs BAU terjadi Pengurangan Emisi CO2 sebesar 57,47%. Untuk industri Pupuk terkait biaya produksi bedasarkan banyaknya energi yang dikonsumsi, Jika menggunakan skenario REC dan dibandingkan dengan skenario BAU biayanya bertambah 2,3%, Jika menggunakan skenario RE dan dibandingkan dengan skenario BAU biayanya lebih terjangkau 10,8%. Pada Steel & Iron Making Industry di dapatkan CO2 emissions sebesar 9516796 ton CO2/tahun tetapi jika membandingkan antara skenario REC vs BAU terjadi Pengurangan Emisi CO2 sebesar 29,08%, jika membandingkan antara skenario RE vs BAU terjadi Pengurangan Emisi CO2 sebesar 49,08%. Untuk industri Pembuatan Besi dan Baja terkait biaya produksi bedasarkan banyaknya energi yang dikonsumsi, Jika menggunakan skenario REC dan dibandingkan dengan skenario BAU biayanya bertambah 2,9%, Jika menggunakan skenario RE dan dibandingkan dengan skenario BAU biayanya lebih terjangkau 25,15%.......The industrial sector is the largest energy user in Indonesia and produces the third largest CO2 emissions with a percentage of 27% of total CO2 emissions in the entire sector. With that, many countries are doing everything possible to decarbonize from the start of implementing green energy policies, for Indonesia the implementation of industrial sector decarbonization is still limited to increasing energy efficiency. This thesis aims to decarbonize the fertilizer industry and steel industry sectors through the use of green energy. The method used in this study is divided into two ways, the first is based on technology, namely in the fertilizer industry replacing the electricity supply of PLTG to hydropower plants and in the steel industry replacing electricity supply from the grid to hydropower plants and REC. And the second is based on Non-Technology such as Creating BAU, RE, REC scenarios with the aim of getting results in reducing the largest carbon footprint and low cost of production / energy costs. The result in the Urea & Ammonia Industry is that CO2 emissions are obtained of 9498056 tons of CO2 / year, but if you compare between the REC vs BAU scenario, there is a CO2 Emission Reduction of 24.23%, if you compare between the RE vs BAU scenario, there is a CO2 Emission Reduction of 57.47%. For the Fertilizer industry related to production costs based on the amount of energy consumed, If using the REC scenario and compared to the BAU scenario the cost increases by 2.3%, If using the RE scenario and compared to the BAU scenario the cost is 10.8% more affordable. In the Steel & Iron Making Industry, CO2 emissions of 9516796 tons of CO2 / year are obtained, but if you compare between the REC vs BAU scenario, there is a CO2 Emission Reduction of 29.08%, if you compare between the RE vs BAU scenario, there is a CO2 Emission Reduction of 49.08%. For the Iron and Steel Making industry related to production costs based on the amount of energy consumed, If using the REC scenario and compared to the BAU scenario the cost increases by 2.9%, If using the RE scenario and compared to the BAU scenario the cost is more affordable by 25.15%."

"Wind energy conversion system covers the technological progress of wind energy conversion systems, along with potential future trends. It includes recently developed wind energy conversion systems such as multi-converter operation of variable-speed wind generators, lightning protection schemes, voltage flicker mitigation and prediction schemes for advanced control of wind generators.Modeling and control strategies of variable speed wind generators are discussed, together with the frequency converter topologies suitable for grid integration. Wind Energy Conversion System also describes offshore farm technologies including multi-terminal topology and space-based wind observation schemes, as well as both AC and DC based wind farm topologies. The stability and reliability of wind farms are discussed, and grid integration issues are examined in the context of the most recent industry guidelines. Wind power smoothing, one of the big challenges for transmission system operators, is a particular focus. Fault ride through and frequency fluctuation mitigation using energy storage options are also covered. Efficiency analyses are presented for different types of commercially available wind turbine generator systems, large scale wind generators using superconducting material, and the integration of offshore wind and marine current farms."

"Alternative energy sources is designed to give the reader, a clear view of the role each form of alternative energy may play in supplying the energy needs of the human society in the near future (20-50 years).The two first chapters on "energy demand and supply" and "environmental effects," set the tone as to why alternative energy is essential for the future. The third chapter gives the laws of energy conversion processes, as well as the limitations of converting one energy form to another. The section on exergy gives a quantitative background on the capability/potential of each energy source to produce power. The fourth, fifth and sixth chapters are expositions of fission and fusion nuclear energy, the power plants that may produce power from these sources and the issues that will frame the public debate on nuclear energy. The following five chapters include descriptions of the most common renewable energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, hydroelectric) some of the less common sources (e.g. tidal and wave energy). The emphasis of these chapters will be on the global potential of each source, the engineering/technical systems that are used in harnessing the potential of each source, the technological developments that will contribute to wider utilization of the sources and environmental effects associated with their wider use. The last three chapters are: "energy storage," which will become an important issue if renewable energy sources are used widely."

"Control of solar energy systems details the main solar energy systems, problems involved with their control, and how control systems can help in increasing their efficiency. Thermal energy systems are explored in depth, as are photovoltaic generation and other solar energy applications such as solar furnaces and solar refrigeration systems. This second and updated edition of advanced control of solar plants includes new material on, solar towers and solar tracking, heliostat calibration, characterization and offset correction, solar radiation, estimation, prediction, and computation, and integrated control of solar plants. This new edition contains worked examples in the text as well as proposed exercises and simulation models."

"Offshore wind energy cost modeling provides a methodological framework to assess installation and decommissioning costs, and using examples from the European experience, provides a broad review of existing processes and systems used in the offshore wind industry. This book a step-by-step guide to modeling costs over four sections. These sections cover, background and introductory material, installation processes and vessel requirements, installation cost estimation, and decommissioning methods and cost estimation. This self-contained and detailed treatment of the key principles in offshore wind development is supported throughout by visual aids and data tables. Offshore wind wnergy cost modeling is a key resource for anyone interested in the offshore wind industry, particularly those interested in the technical and economic aspects of installation and decommissioning. The book provides a reliable point of reference for industry practitioners and policy makers developing generalizable installation or decommissioning cost estimates."

"Fuel cells in the waste-to-energy chain explores the concept of waste-to-energy through a 5 step process which reflects the stages during the transformation of refuse flows to a valuable commodity such as clean energy. By providing selected, integrated alternatives to the current centralized, wasteful, fossil-fuel based infrastructure, this book explores how the concept of waste-to-energy can be constructed and developed into a realistic solution. The entire spectrum of current and future energy problems is illuminated through the explanation of the operational, integration and marketing implications of high efficiency technological solutions using the real context of developed regions such as Europe. Up-to-date reviews are provided on the status of technology and demonstration, implementation and marketing perspectives. The detailed technological information and insight gathered from over twenty years of experience in the field makes Fuel cells in the waste-to-wnergy chain a valuable resource for all engineers and researchers in the fields of energy supply systems and waste conversion, as well as providing a key reference for discussions by policy makers, marketing experts and industry developers working in energy supply and waste management."

"The book introduces the theory of fuel cells and sliding-mode control. It contextualises PEMFCs both in terms of their development and within the hydrogen economy and today’s energy production situation as a whole. It then discusses fuel-cell operation principles, the mathematical background of high-order sliding-mode control and to a feasibility study for the use of sliding modes in the control of an automotive fuel stack. Part II presents experimental results of sliding-mode-control application to laboratory fuel cells and deals with subsystem-based modelling, detailed design, and observability and controllability. Simulation results are contrasted with empirical data and performance, robustness and implementation issues are treated in depth. Possibilities for future research are also laid out."