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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas tentang eksistensi Amerika Serikat sebagai faktor dalam kebijakan Demokrasi dan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) di Indonesia selama rentang tahun 1985 sampai dengan 1999. Melalui Foreign Aid dan Demokrasi Liberal, kebijakan demokrasi dan HAM di Indonesia kemudian dihadapkan pada persoalan serius tentang tujuan demokrasi liberal yang terkadang tidak selaras dengan citacita demokrasi dan nilai-nilai HAM di Indonesia, terutama yang terkandung di dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Masa pemerintahan Orde Baru dan pemerintahan transisi reformasi akan mengambil peran penting terhadap implementasi demokrasi dan HAM dari sudut pandang yang berbeda. Diharapkan melalui tesis ini, akan menjelaskan dilematisasi negara berkembang seperti Indonesia dan menjembatani pencarian solusi terhadap hutang yang diakibatkan oleh kontinuitas ‘ketergantungan’ Indonesia terhadap bantuan atau pinjaman luar negeri.

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ABSTRACT
This thesis about the existence of the United States as afactor in the policy of Democracy and Human Rights (HAM) in Indonesia over the span of 1985 to 1999. Through the theory of Foreign Aid and Democracy Liberal Policy, the policy of democracy and human rights in Indonesia and then faced with the serious problem of liberal democracy objectives are sometimes not aligned with the ideals of democracy and human rights values in Indonesia, especially those contained in the Act of 1945. The New Order government and transitional government reform will take a leadership role on the implementation of democracy and human rights from a different perspective. Hopefully, through this thesis, will explain the ‘dilemma’ of developing countries such as Indonesia and the search for sollutions to bridge the debt caused by the continuity of Indonesia’s dependence toward the aid or foreign loans.

Abstrak :
The book provides in-depth insight to scholars, practitioners, and activists dealing with human rights, their expansion, and the emergence of 'new' human rights. Whereas legal theory tends to neglect the development of concrete individual rights, monographs on 'new' rights often deal with structural matters only in passing and the issue of 'new' human rights has received only cursory attention in literature. By bringing together a large number of emergent human rights, analysed by renowned human rights experts from around the world, and combining the analyses with theoretical approaches, this book fills this lacuna. The comprehensive and dialectic approach, which enables insights from individual rights to overarching theory and vice versa, will ensure knowledge growth for generalists and specialists alike. The volume goes beyond a purely legal analysis by observing the contestation, rhetorics, the struggle for recognition of 'new' human rights, thus speaking to human rights professionals beyond the legal sphere.

Abstrak :
To understand human rights from the perspective of the value theories, the article applies axiological approach. It places man as a valuing animal, who acts consciously drawn by certain values. They are to help man to give meaning to his life. The legal form of the human rights was established in 1215, known as the Magna Charta Libertatum, which later permeated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). It reflects man?s ethical and political awareness of his natural rights, which in essence, has no tie with values, dignity, and sovereignty.