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"ABSTRAKSalah satu jenis kanker yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia adalah kanker serviks. Berdasarkan urutan frekuensi penderita, kanker serviks menduduki tempat teratas dibandingkan kanker ginekologi lainnya pada wanita. Di dalam tubuh, sel kanker akan ditolak oleh reaksi imunitas selular, yang dilakukan oleh limfosit T. Reaksi imunitas selular dapat diuji secara in vitro berdasarkan kemampuan limfosit bertransformasi akibat adanya "phytohemagglutinin". Pada penderita kanker kemampuan limfosit untuk bertransformasi menurun. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan reaksi imunitas selular dari 30 orang wanita penderita kanker serviks yang akan berobat di Sub-bagian Radioterapi RSCM dan 30 orang wanita yang tidak menderita kanker serviks, maupun kanker lainnya, dengan cara mengkultur darah kemudian dihitung indeks stimulasinya. Selain itu juga diperiksa jumlah limfosit dan jumlah leukosit. Dengan uji t, diperoleh kesimpulan adanya penurunan reaksi imunitas seluler (indeks stimulasi) dan jumlah limfosit pada wanita penderita kanker serviks (a = 0,01). Sedangkan jumlah leukosit tidak menurun jika dibandingkan dengan wanita yang tidak menderita kanker serviks maupun kanker lainnya (a = 0,01)"

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang Leukemia limfoblastik akut LLA adalah keganasan paling sering pada anak di sebagian besar dunia insiden bervariasi di berbagai daerah mulai 15 sampai 40 Keberhasilan pengobatan pada LLA dapat dilihat berdasarkan angka kesintasan Rumah Sakit Sanglah telah merawat pasien leukemia anak akan tetapi sampai saat ini belum pernah dilakukan penilaian terhadap kesintasan pada kasus leukemia akut Tujuan Untuk mengetahui angka kesintasan pasien LLA serta faktor faktor yang memengaruhi LLA di bawah umur 12 tahun di RSUP Sanglah dari tahun 2010 2012 Metode Penelitian kohort retrospektif dilakukan di RS Sanglah dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari catatan medis pasien LLA dari Januari 2010 ndash Desember 2012 Sampel adalah pasien berusia 0 12 tahun terdiagnosis LLA kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi risiko biasa dan risiko tinggi berdasarkan nilai leukosit awal usia dan protokol LLA tahun 2006 Hasil Penelitian Terdapat 33 subjek pasien LLA Didapatkan perbedaan bermakna faktor prognostik usia 1 9 tahun dengan usia 9 tahun dan jumlah leukosit 50 000 mL dengan leukosit 50 000 mL memengaruhi angka kesintasan dengan nilai masing masing p 0 023 dan p 0 013 Angka kesintasan hidup secara keseluruhan pasien LLA adalah 30 3 didapatkan perbedaan bermakna angka kesintasan antara RT dan RB dengan nilai masing masing adalah 11 8 43 8 dan p ABSTRACT Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ALL is the most common hildhood cancer in the world Incidence rate found various in several countries from 15 to 40 A successful theraphy of ALL be evaluated by the survival rate Sanglah hospital has been treated children with ALL but however a research of survival rate in children with ALL has never been done before Objective To know the survival rate of children with ALL and factors that affect ALL in children under 12 years old that has been treated in Sanglah Hospital from 2010 2012 Method A retrospective cohort study run in Sanglah Hospital using secondary data from medical record of children with ALL between January 2010 December 2012 Sample is ALL patients aged 0 12 years old with diagnosis ALL will be separated into normal risk group and high risk group based on early number of leucosyte age and therapy protokol year 2006 Results There are 33 subjects of children with ALL Significant difference of prognostic factors were found between the age of 1 9 years old and at the age 9 years old as well as between leucocyte count 50 000 mL and those with leucocyte count 50 000 mL affect the survival rate with each p value of p 0 023 and p 0 013 The Overall survival rate of ALL patients was 30 3 There were significant difference of survival rate between RT and RB valued 11 8 43 8 with p;Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ALL is the most common hildhood cancer in the world Incidence rate found various in several countries from 15 to 40 A successful theraphy of ALL be evaluated by the survival rate Sanglah hospital has been treated children with ALL but however a research of survival rate in children with ALL has never been done before Objective To know the survival rate of children with ALL and factors that affect ALL in children under 12 years old that has been treated in Sanglah Hospital from 2010 2012 Method A retrospective cohort study run in Sanglah Hospital using secondary data from medical record of children with ALL between January 2010 December 2012 Sample is ALL patients aged 0 12 years old with diagnosis ALL will be separated into normal risk group and high risk group based on early number of leucosyte age and therapy protokol year 2006 Results There are 33 subjects of children with ALL Significant difference of prognostic factors were found between the age of 1 9 years old and at the age 9 years old as well as between leucocyte count 50 000 mL and those with leucocyte count 50 000 mL affect the survival rate with each p value of p 0 023 and p 0 013 The Overall survival rate of ALL patients was 30 3 There were significant difference of survival rate between RT and RB valued 11 8 43 8 with p;Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ALL is the most common hildhood cancer in the world Incidence rate found various in several countries from 15 to 40 A successful theraphy of ALL be evaluated by the survival rate Sanglah hospital has been treated children with ALL but however a research of survival rate in children with ALL has never been done before Objective To know the survival rate of children with ALL and factors that affect ALL in children under 12 years old that has been treated in Sanglah Hospital from 2010 2012 Method A retrospective cohort study run in Sanglah Hospital using secondary data from medical record of children with ALL between January 2010 December 2012 Sample is ALL patients aged 0 12 years old with diagnosis ALL will be separated into normal risk group and high risk group based on early number of leucosyte age and therapy protokol year 2006 Results There are 33 subjects of children with ALL Significant difference of prognostic factors were found between the age of 1 9 years old and at the age 9 years old as well as between leucocyte count 50 000 mL and those with leucocyte count 50 000 mL affect the survival rate with each p value of p 0 023 and p 0 013 The Overall survival rate of ALL patients was 30 3 There were significant difference of survival rate between RT and RB valued 11 8 43 8 with p"

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Latar Belakang: FOXO3a (Forkhead Box O3a) merupakan faktor transkripsi yang berpotensi melindungi sel dari stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif tersebut merupakan salah satu faktor yang memicu proses penuaan. Sampai saat ini belum diketahui bagaimana ekspresi FOXO3a pada populasi wanita lanjut usia yang diduga sebagai molekul anti penuaan dan berperan dalam regulasi stress oksidatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola ekspresi mRNA Forkhead Box O3a leukosit, kadar MDA dan aktivitas katalase plasma pada wanita lanjut usia.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional pada 60 subjek wanita lanjut usia (lansia) yang dikelompokkan menjadi 60-70 tahun dan >70 tahun. Isolasi RNA dilakukan pada sampel sel leukosit, kemudian ekspresi relatif mRNA FOXO3a dilakukan dengan menggunakan quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Kadar MDA plasma dan aktifitas spesifik katalase diukur dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri.

Hasil: Ekspresi relatif mRNA FOXO3a pada sel lekosit lebih rendah bermakna pada kelompok umur wanita lansia yang lebih tua (> 70tahun), sedangkan kadar MDA dan aktivitas sepesifik katalase plasma ditemukan meningkat pada kelompok wanita lansia yang lebih tua. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi mRNA FOXO3a baik dengan kadar MDA (p= 0,225) maupun dengan aktifitas spesifik enzim katalase (p =0,462).

Kesimpulan: ekspresi mRNA FOXO3a menurun seiring dengan peningkatan usia, namun aktifitas spesifik katalase meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia. Kadar MDA tidak meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya usia pada wanita lanjuat usia.

 

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Background: FOXO3a (Forkhead Box O3a) is a transcription factor that has the potential to protect cells from oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is one of the factors that trigger the aging process. Until now it has not been known how FOXO3a expression in the elderly female population is thought to be an anti-aging molecule and plays a role in oxidative stress regulation. The purpose of this study was to analyze Pattern of leucocytes Forkhead Box O3a  mRNA expression, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and  activity of catalase  in elderly women 

Methods: This study was a cross sectional study in 60 elderly female subjects. RNA isolation was performed on leukocyte cell samples, then the relative expression of FOXO3a mRNA was carried out using quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Plasma MDA level and catalase specific activity was measured by spectrophotometer.

Results: The relative expression of FOXO3a mRNA in leukocyte cells was significantly lower in older age groups of older women (> 70 years), whereas MDA levels and specific plasma catalase activity were found to be increased in older groups of older women. There is no significant relationship between FOXO3a mRNA expression with MDA levels (p = 0.225) or with catalase enzyme specific activity (p = 0.462)

Conclusions: mRNA FOXO3a decreased with age, however catalase specific activity increased with age. There was no difference in MDA level with increased age in elderly women.

"

"Latar Belakang: Untuk tujuan kuratif, regimen D37 masih menjadi pilihan utama kemoterapi induksi remisi pada LMA yang bukan leukemia promielositik akut (LPA). Tercapainya remisi lengkap (CR) serta waktu yang diperlukan untuk mencapainya menentukan kesintasan. NCCN dan ESMO merekomendasikan pemeriksaan sumsum tulang hari ke-14 kemoterapi untuk memprediksi CR, namun metode ini bersifat invasif dan masih kurang akurat. Tujuan: Mengkaji peran nadir leukosit dalam memprediksi CR pada pasien LMA yang menjalani kemoterapi induksi remisi D3A7. Metode Penelitian: Studi prognostik dengan desain kohort retrospektif dilakukan di RS Dharmais PKN dan RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo berdasarkan data rekam medis pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi induksi remisi D3A7 dari 1 Januari 2015 sampai 31 Desember 2019. Peran prediktif kadar lekosit nadir dan waktu yang diperlukan untuk tercapainya terhadap CR dinilai melalui analisis kurva ROC. Hasil: Seratus satu subjek penelitian direkrut dengan median usia 39 tahun dan 55% pria. Sebanyak 55,4% subjek mencapai CR. Kadar leukosit nadir memiliki peran dalam memprediksi CR (AUC 0,63; IK 95% 0,52 – 0,74) namun tidak untuk waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapainya. Kesimpulan: Kadar nadir leukosit memiliki peran dalam memprediksi CR namun tidak untuk waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapainya pada pasien LMA non-LPA yang menjalani kemoterapi induksi remisi D3A7.......Background: The D3A7 regimen is still the main choice of remission induction chemotherapy in AML. Achieving complete remission (CR) and the time required to achieve it determine survival. NCCN and ESMO recommend bone marrow examination on day 14 of chemotherapy to predict CR, but it is invasive and less accurate. Objective: To examine the role of the leukocyte nadir in predicting CR in AML patients undergoing D3A7 chemotherapy. Methods: A prognostic study with retrospective cohort design was conducted at Dharmais PKN Hospital and Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Public Hospital based on medical record data of patients underwent D3A7 remission induction chemotherapy from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. The predictive role of nadir leukocyte level and the time required to achieve it was assessed. Results: One hundred and one subjects were recruited with median age 39 years and 55% men. A total of 55.4% subjects achieved CR. Nadir leukocyte level had a role in predicting CR (AUC 0.63; 95% CI 0.52 – 0.74) but not for the time required to achieve it. Conclusion: The nadir leukocyte level has a role in predicting CR but not for the time required to achieve it in non-APL AML patients undergoing D3A7 remission induction chemotherapy."

"Handajani NS, Dharmawan R. 2009. Effect of VCO to leucocyte differential count, glucose levels and blood creatinine ofhyperglycemic and ovalbumin sensitized Mus musculus Balb/c. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 1-8. Chemical medicines and insulin candecrease blood glucose level in hyperglycemic patients with a macro vascular side effect. Diabetes and allergy incidences are influencedby quality and quantity of leucocytes. Lauric acid within VCO reports decreased blood glucose level of diabetes and some allergyincidents. The purpose of the study is to know the effect of VCO on blood glucose level, differential leucocytes count and bloodcreatinine level on hyperglycemic and normoglycemic ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Forty-five (45) male (mice) of Mus musculus Balb/cwith an average weight of 35 g are divided into nine groups with five repetitions; those are four non-alloxan groups and five alloxaninduced hyperglycemic groups. On 22nd day to 36th day, they are sensitized to ovalbumin as an allergen. A blood sample was obtainedby orbital vena using heparin as anticoagulant in order measuring blood glucose level by GOD method to 6 times, on 1st, 4th, 18th, 22nd,32nd and 37th days, then are tested by ANOVA followed by DMRT 0.05. On 37th day, differential leucocytes are determined, blood levelare counted, and then compared to normal value. The results of this study were that within differential leucocytes count ofhyperglycemic mice, neutrophil percentage were much lower than the normal value (3.22%), and lymphocyte percentage were muchhigher than the normal value (94.54%). Consumed 0.003 mL/35 g VCO more 18 days decreased blood glucose level on hyperglycemicmice, decreased basophil percentage of ovalbumin-sensitized mice, normalized neutrophil percentage no increased creatinine bloodlevel. "

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Pelayanan transfusi darah merupakan penunjang pelayanan kesehatan yang sangat penting, karena hingga saat ini masih terdapat beberapa kondisi kesehatan yang hanya dapat diatasi dengan pemberian transfusi darah. Salah satu strategi World Health Organization (WHO) dalam pelayanan darah yang aman adalah transfusi darah atas indikasi medis secara rasional. Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) telah dilaporkan sebagai reaksi transfusi yang paling umum terjadi dengan insidensi 6,8% setelah transfusi produk komponen packed red cell (PRC). Data di Pusat Thalassemia Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Jakarta, dari 73% pasien yang mendapat PRC leucoreduction, 15% di antaranya mengalami reaksi transfusi, sedangkan dari 14% pasien yang mendapat PRC biasa, 65% di antaranya mengalami reaksi transfusi. Di Indonesia, PRC yang tersedia umumnya adalah produk PRC leucoreduction dengan metoda buffy-coat depleted. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penurunan jumlah leukosit dan sitokin pada produk PRC dari metoda buffy-coat depleted dibandingkan dengan metoda modifikasi bed-side leucocyte filtration. Metodologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang pada subjek berupa 30 produk PRC yang dibuat dengan metoda buffy-coat depleted dan 30 produk PRC yang dibuat dengan metoda modifikasi bed-side leucocyte filtration pada <48 jam masa penyimpanan. Pada semua produk dilakukan pemeriksaan hematologi dan pemeriksaan sitokin pirogen IL-6 dan TNF-α. Hasil. Satu (3,33%) subjek kantong komponen PRC yang dibuat dengan metoda buffy-coat depleted memenuhi standar leukoreduction (<5x108 leukosit/unit), dan 29 (96,7%) subjek kantong komponen PRC yang dibuat dengan metoda modifikasi bed-side leucocyte filtration pada waktu < 48 jam penyimpanan memenuhi standar leukodepleted (<5x106 leukosit/unit). Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna kadar IL-6 dan TNF-α pada kedua kelompok komponen PRC ( p > 0,05 ). Simpulan. Terdapat penurunan jumlah leukosit komponen PRC yang dibuat dengan metoda modifikasi bed-side leucocyte filtration pada < 48 jam masa penyimpanan PRC sangat signifikan dibandingkan dengan metoda buffy-coat depleted. Hal ini disebabkan oleh peranan filter polyurethane yang selektif menyaring leukosit sedangkan penurunan jumlah leukosit pada metoda buffy-coat depleted dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan dan waktu putaran sentrifus serta pemisahan lapisan buffy coat dari komponen PRC. Tidak bermaknanya perbedaan kadar sitokin pirogenik IL-6 dan TNF α pada kedua kelompok PRC dikarenakan masa penyimpanan PRC < 48 jam tidak menyebabkan akumulasi sitokin pirogenik IL-6 dan dan TNF-α.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Blood transfusion is an essential part of health services, that can safe lifes. One of the World Health Organization (WHO) strategy on safe blood. White blood cells/leukocytes are present in all cellular blood components that are prepared by standard technique. Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) has been reported as a common transfusion reaction with the incidence of 6,8% after Packed Red Cell (PRC) transfusion. Data in Thalassemia Center DR. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta, from 73% of patients who received PRC leucoreduced component, 15% of them had a transfusion reaction, whereas 14% of patients who received PRC component, 65% of them had a transfusion reaction. In Indonesia, the common PRC component available is a leucoreduced PRC developed by buffy-coat depleted method. The study is aim to evaluate the effectiveness of leucocyte reduction and cytokine on the PRC components developed by buffy-coat depleted method compare to the PRC products developed by modified bed-side leucocyte filtration method. Methodology. The study is a cross sectional study on the subject of 30 PRC components developed by buffy-coat depleted method and 30 PRC component developed by modified bed-side leucocyte filtration method in < 48 hour of storage. Haematology testing and pyrogenic cytokine of IL-6 and TNF-α titer was analyzed on all subjects.Result. There was only one (3.33%) subject of PRC developed by buffy-coat depleted method showed to be leucoreduced (<5x108 leucocyte/unit), mean while there was 29 (96,7%) subject of PRC developed by modified bed-side leucocyte filtration method showed to be leukodepleted (<5x106 leucocyte/unit).No significant difference of IL-6 and TNF-α titer on both of PRC components. (p > 0,05 ).Conclusion. Reduction of leucocyte on the PRC components developed by modified bed-side leucocyte filtration is more effective compare to that on the PRC components developed by buffy-coat depleted method. The adhesion principle of leucocyte into polyurethane filter was more effective in reducing the number of leucocyte compare to centrifugation principle. The leucocyte filtration that was run on the PRC components with the storage time of < 48 hour did not caused the accumulation of pyrogenic cytokine such as IL-6 and TNF-α."

"ABSTRAKAsam lipoat adalah senyawa yang terkandung dalam intra dan ekstraselular yang bertindak sebagai koenzim piruvat dehidrogenase, penangkal racun, pengkat logam berat dan antioksidan. Pengukuran asam lipoat diperlukan untuk mengetahui jumlah asam lipoat yang menjalankan fungsinya baik sebagai koenzim atau antioksidan. Tetapi pengukuran ini membutuhkan alat khusus seperti HPLC dan proses yang tidak mudah. Alat yang umum dan mudah seperti spektrofotometer diharapkan bisa menjadi alat penentuan asam lipoat. Pengukuran asam lipoat menggunakan spektrofotometri dengan metanol UV dan PdCl2 terlihat telah diuji dan diperoleh hasil yang valid dan dapat diandalkan dalam sediaan obat atau farmasi tetapi belum diuji untuk plasma. Pengukuran asam lipoat dalam plasma dan leukosit menggunakan PdCl2 menghasilkan pengukuran yang valid, dengan akurasi, presisi tinggi dan tidak berbeda dengan pengukuran asam lipoat menggunakan HPLC, p= 0,99. Sedangkan UV methanol berbeda dibanding HPLC p= 0,0001 atau tidak valid.

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ABSTRACTLipoic acid is a compound contained in intra and extracellular that act as a coenzyme of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, antidote, chelating agent and antioxidant. Measurement of lipoic acid is needed to determine the amount of lipoic acid that performs its functions either as a coenzyme or an antioxidant. But this measurement requires a special tool such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC and a process that is not easy. A common and easy tool such as a spectrophotometer is expected to be a tool of lipoic acid determination. Measurement of lipoic acid using spectrophotometry with UV methanol and visible PdCl2 has been tested and obtained valid and reliable results in drug or pharmaceutical preparations but not yet tested for plasma. Determination of lipoic acid in plasma and leukocytes using PdCl2 produced valid result, with high accuracy, precision and was not different from lipoic acid measurement using HPLC, p 0.99. While UV methanol was different compare to HPLC p 0.0001 or was not valid."

"Pada awalnya imunologi dianggap tidak memiliki peran dalam penyakit kanker, namunberbagai penelitian saat ini telah membuktikan bahwa sel imun tubuh dapat menghambatperkembangan sel kanker. Sel imun yang diketahui berperan dalam mematikan sel tumoradalah sel limfosit T sitotoksik CD4+ dan CD8+.Reseptor PD-1 atau programmed death 1 ligand (CD279) sebagai molekul yang bersifatmensupresi proses imunologi dihasilkan pada membran plasma sel T dan jika berikatandengan PD-L1 akan menekan respon imun, ekspresi berlebihan dari PD-L1 akanmenekan respons dari sel imun terutama sel limfosit T.Saat ini rasio neutrofil-limfosit (NLR) darah dikenal sebagai salah satu petanda untukprognosis maupun prediktor dalam terapi kanker. Peningkatan jumlah neutrofil di darahperifer merupakan petanda dari inflamasi kronik yang menunjukkan gangguan dariimunitas seluler, sedangkan jumlah limfosit darah menunjukkan respons dari sel Tsitotoksik yang baik.Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara NLR pra radiasidengan PD-L1 ELISA pasca radiasi (p=0.010) sehingga NLR pra radiasi dapat digunakansebagai prediktor untuk PD-L1 ELISA pasca radiasi. Tidak ditemukan hubungansignifikan antara PD-L1 intratumoral ELISA dengan sebukan limfosit stromal tumor,namun terdapat kecenderungan hubungan negatif antara PD-L1 intratumoral ELISAdengan sebukan limfosit stromal tumor pasca radiasi.

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Decades ago immunology was not considered to have role in cancer, but various studieshave now proven that immune cells can inhibit the development of cancer cells. Immunecells that are known to play a role in killing tumor cells are CD4 + and CD8 + cytotoxicT cells.PD-1 receptor or programmed death 1 ligand (CD279) as a molecule that suppresses theimmunological process produced on the T cell plasma membrane and it binds to PD-L1will suppress the immune response, thus excessive expression of PD-L1 will suppressthe response of immune cells especially T cell lymphocytesRecently the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is known as one of the markers for theprognosis and predictor of cancer therapy. An increase in the number of neutrophils inperipheral blood is a sign of chronic inflammation which shows a disruption of cellularimmunity, whereas the number of blood lymphocytes shows a response from normalcytotoxic T cells.This study showed that there was a significant correlation between pre-EBRT NLR andpost EBRT PD-L1 ELISA (p = 0.010) so that pre-EBRT NLR could be used as a predictorfor post EBRT PD-L1 ELISA. No significant relationship was found betweenintratumoral PD-L1 ELISA with a tumor stromal lymphocyte, but there was a trend ofnegative relationship between intratumoral PD-L1 ELISA with a post-radiation tumorstromal lymphocyte"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Nusa Tenggara Timur adalah wilayah endemik malaria. Tidak hanya malaria simtomatik, malaria asimtomatik juga menjadi beban daerah ini. Pendeteksiannya harus dilakukan dengan seksama. Perubahan hematologi yang terjadi pada pasien, diantaranya jumlah dan hitung jenis leukosit dapat dijadikan salah satu penanda terjadinya malaria asimtomatik. Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensi malaria asimtomatik, mengetahui profil jumlah dan hitung jenis leukosit, serta mengetahui hubungan malaria asimtomatik dengan jumlah dan hitung jenis leukosit pada warga di Kecamatan Nangapanda, Kabupaten Ende, NTT. Metode : Metode penelitian ini adalah potong lintang dengan sampel yang berasal dari data sekunder penelitian induk di Nangapanda, Ende, NTT pada tahun 2009. Hasil : Prevalensi malaria asimtomatik di Kecamatan Nangapanda, Ende, NTT sebesar 14,7 . Median nilai minimum-nilai maksimum jumlah leukosit = 8000 3000-21000 sel/mm3, hitung jenis monosit = 5 0-14 , hitung jenis granulosit = 47 10-71 , hitung jenis limfosit = 48 23-84 . Pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan malaria asimtomatik dengan jumlah dan hitung jenis leukosit pada keseluruhan data. Namun, jika dikelompokkan berdasarkan jenis kelamin, terdapat hubungan signifikan antara malaria asimtomatik dengan monosit pada jenis kelamin laki-laki p=0,031 . Diskusi : Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara infeksi malaria asimtomatik dengan jumlah dan hitung jenis leukosit pada warga di Kecamatan Nangapanda, Kabupaten Ende, NTT.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction East Nusa Tenggara is a malaria rsquo s endemic region. The region bears not only the burden of symptomatic malaria, but also asymptomatic malaria. The detection of this disease must be done carefully, and one of the methods is to measure the hematological changes that happened in the patients rsquo body, calculating the total and differential leukocyte counts. Objective The objectives of this study were to find out the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria, the total and differential counts of leukocyte, and also the relationship between asymptomatic malaria with the total and differential leukocyte counts on the residents of Nangapanda, Ende, East Nusa Tenggara. Method This study used cross sectional method, with the sample originated from a secondary data of the previous study in Nangapanda, Ende, East Nusa Tenggara back in 2009. Result The prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in Nangapanda, Ende, East Nusa Tenggara was 14.7 . While the median minimum maximum total leukocyte counts 8000 3000 21000 cell mm3, monocyte counts 5 0 14 , granulocyte counts 47 10 71 , lymphocyte counts 48 23 84 . In this study, there was no significant relationship between asymptomatic malaria with total and differential leukocyte counts in the overall data. However, if categorized by sex, there was a significant relationship between asymptomatic malaria and monocyte counts in male p 0.031 . Discussion There was no significant relationship between asymptomatic malaria infection with the total and differential counts of leukocyte on residents of Nangapanda, Ende, East Nusa Tenggara. "

"Studi-studi sebelumnya menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara rasio neutrofil-limfosit(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, NLR) dan rasio platelet-limfosit (platelet-to-lymphocyteratio, PLR) sebagai penanda respons inflamasi sistemik dalam mendiagnosis kankerprostat. Tujuan studi ini adalah menilai NLR dan PLR prebiopsi prostat untukmenentukan efektivitasnya dalam memprediksi kanker prostat. Studi ini menggunakandesain retrospektif. Penelitian ini mengikutsertakan seluruh pasien hiperplasia prostatbenigna (benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH) dan kanker prostat yang menjalani biopsi diRumah Sakit Adam Malik antara bulan Agustus 2011 sampai Agustus 2015. Batas PSAyang digunakan adalah 5 ng/dL sebagai kandidat biopsi. Hubungan antara variabelprebiopsi yang mempengaruhi persentase prostat dievaluasi termasuk usia, kadarprostate-specific antigen (PSA), dan estimasi volume prostat (estimated prostate volume,EPV). Nilai PLR dan NLR dihitung dari rasio hitung platelet dengan neutrofil absolutterhadap hitung limfosit absolut. Nilainya kemudian dianalisis dan dilihat apakah terdapathubungan dengan diagnosis BPH dan kanker prostat. Dari 298 pasien yang diikutsertakandalam studi ini, penelitian ini membagi dua grup menjadi 126 (42,3%) pasien BPH dan172 (57,7%) pasien kanker prostat. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada PSA(19.28±27.11 ng/dL vs 40.19±49.39 ng/dL), EPV (49.39±23.51 cc vs 58.10±30.54 cc),PLR (160.27±98.96 vs 169.55±78.07), dan NLR (3.57±3.23 vs 4.22 ± 2.59) pada keduagrup (p<0,05). Analisis Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) dilakukan untuk PLRdan NLR dalam menganalisis nilainya dalam memprediksi kanker prostat. Area UnderCurve (AUC) PLR adalah 57,9% dengan sensitivitas 56,4% dan spesifisitas 55,6% padabatas cut-off 143 (p=0,02). Cut-off NLR 3,08 memberikan AUC 62,8% dengansensitivitas 64,5% dan spesifisitas 63,5%. AUC ini komparabel bila dibandingkan denganAUC PSA sendiri (68,5%). Penelitian ini lalu menjalani regresi logistik antara PSA, PLR,dan NLR dengan hasil eksklusi PLR bila dihitung seara konjungtif. DEngan demikian,NLR memiliki performa menjanjikan dalam memprediksi kanker prostat pada pasiendengan PSA di atas 4 ng/dL (RO=3,2; 95% CI: 1,96-5,11). Kami menemukan bahwasebanyak 80 (63,5%) pasien dengan biopsi jinak memiliki nilai NLR negatif dalam studiini. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa NLR memiliki potensi menjanjikan dalammemprediksi kanker prostat. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk memvalidasinyasebagai alat diagnostik.

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Previous studies demonstrated promising value of platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) andneutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as systemic inflammatory response in prostatecancer. This study was conducted to evaluate their pre-biopsy values in predictingprostate cancer. This is a diagnostic study with retrospective design. We included allbenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwentprostate biopsy in Adam Malik Hospital between August 2011 and August 2015. We usedPSA value above 4 ng/dL as the threshold for the biopsy candidates. The relationshipbetween pre-biopsy variables affecting the percentage of prostate cancer risk wereevaluated, including: age, prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, and estimated prostatevolume (EPV). The PLR and NLR was calculated from the ratio of related platelets orabsolute neutrophil counts with their absolute lymphocyte counts. The values thenanalyzed to evaluate their associations with the diagnosis of BPH and PCa. Out of 298patients included in this study, we defined two groups consist of 126 (42.3%) BPH and172 PCa (57.7%) patients. Mean age for both groups are 66.36±7.53 and 67.99±7.48 yearsold (p=0.64), respectively. There are statistically significant differences noted from PSA(19.28±27.11 ng/dL vs 40.19±49.39 ng/dL), EPV (49.39±23.51 cc vs 58.10±30.54 cc),PLR (160.27±98.96 vs 169.55±78.07), and NLR (3.57±3.23 vs 4.22 ± 2.59) features ofboth groups (p<0.05). A Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis wasperformed for PLR and NLR in analyzing their value in predicting prostate cancer. TheArea Under Curve (AUC) of PLR is 57.9% with sensitivity of 56.4% and specificity of55.6% in the cut-off point of 143 (p=0.02). The NLR cut-off point of 3.08 gives 62.8%AUC with 64.5% sensitivity and 63.5% specificity. These AUCs were comparable withthe AUC of PSA alone (68.5%). We performed logistic regression between PSA, PLR,and NLR with result in the exclusion of PLR if calculated conjunctively. Therefore, NLRhas a promising performance in predicting PCa in patients with PSA above 4 ng/dL(OR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.96-5.11). We found as many as 80 (63.5%) patients with benignbiopsy results with negative NLR value in this study."