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"Nyeri punggung bawah acute merupakan keluhan terbanyak kelima di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan di Amerika Serikat, dan 30% berkembang menjadi nyeri kronis. Sebesar 60-90% penduduk Amerika Serikat mempunyai keluhan nyeri punggung bawah, dan 50% diantaranya mengeluhkan nyeri yang berulang dalam satu tahun. Nyeri punggung bawah memiliki efek psikologis dan sosial terhadap pasien. Secara ekonomi nyeri punggung bawah ini membebani negara terkait biaya yang harus dikeluarkan dalam penanganan nyeri punggung bawah. Penilaian derajat nyeri penting dilakukan pada setiap pasien dengan keluhan nyeri punggung bawah dan American Pain Society menetapkan menyertakan nyeri sebagai tanda vital kelima dalam pemeriksaan terhadap nyeri punggung bawah sejak tahun 1990. Penilaian terhadap nyeri memberikan informasi yang lebih baik terhadap efek terapi, atau keberhasilan dari terapi nyeri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil evaluasi derajat nyeri dengan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pada kasus nyeri punggung bagian bawah (low back pain) yang mendapat intervensi nyeri di Departemen Bedah Saraf RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta tahun 2012 -2014. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan desain Cross Sectional Analitik, terhadap data sekunder berupa data rekam medis pasien dengan kasus nyeri punggung bawah yang berkunjung ke poliklinik Bedah Saraf Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, dalam periode tahun 2012 sampai dengan tahun 2014. Responden dalam penelitian ini berusia 17 tahun ke atas. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat.Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh 57,2% pasien nyeri punggung bawah yang mendapat intervensi nyeri berusia 40 - 59 tahun, dan 52,4% diantaranya berjenis kelamin perempuan. Dari hasil pemeriksaan MRI didapatkan 66,7% dengan gambaran protrusion diskus dengan penekanan. Sebesar 71,4% pasien mendapatkan terapi kombinasi LESI dan MBN dan 95,2% pasien yang mendapatkan intervensi nyeri mengalami perbaikan skala nyeri dan dapat bertahan sampai dengan 1 tahun. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara gambaran MRI dengan prosedur intervensi nyeri dan jenis nyeri, tapi terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jenis nyeri dengan prosedur intervensi nyeri.

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Acute lower back pain is the fifth most complaints in health care facilities in the United States, and 30% develop into chronic pain. Amounting to 60-90% of the US population has low back pain, and 50% of them complained of recurring pain in one year. Lower back pain has psychological and social effects on patients. Economically lower back pain is related to the state burdening costs to be incurred in the treatment of lower back pain. Assessment of the degree of pain is important in any patient with low back pain and the American Pain Society set to include pain as the fifth vital sign in the examination of lower back pain since 1990. Assessment of pain provide better information to the therapeutic effect, or the success of therapy pain.

This study aims to know the results of the evaluation of the degree of pain with Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) in the case of lower back pain (low back pain) who received the intervention of pain in the Department of Neurosurgery Cipto Mangunkusumo in 2012 -2014. The study was conducted using Analytical cross sectional design, due to the secondary data from medical records of patients with low back pain who visited the clinic Neurosurgery Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta, in the period of 2012 to 2014. The respondents in this study aged 17 above. Analysis of data using univariate and bivariate analyzes. From the analysis of the data obtained 57.2% of patients with low back pain who received the intervention pain aged 40-59 years, and 52.4% of them were female.

From the results obtained 66.7% of MRI examinations with a disc protrusion with 71.4% of patients receive combination therapy LESI and MBN and 95.2% of patients who received the pain intervention experienced decreasing scale of pain scale and last up to 1 year. Multivariate analysis showed that there is no significant relationship between MRI image with pain interventional procedures and types of pain, but there is a significant relationship between the type of pain with pain interventional procedures."

"Latar Belakang: Adenoma hipofisis adalah kumpulan dari berbagai jenis tumor yang ditemukan di kelenjar hipofisis, yang dapat menyebabkan kompresi nervus optikus, sehingga menyebabkan penurunan tajam penglihatan dan lapang penglihatan akibat efek penekanan massa tumor. Tindakan operasi transfenoid pada adenoma hipofisis bertujuan untuk menegakkan diagnosis dan dekompresi massa tumor dengan harapan memperbaiki atau mempertahankan fungsi nervus optikus. Tujuan: Menilai luaran fungsi penglihatan (tajam penglihatan dan lapang penglihatan) pada pasien adenoma hipofisis serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi luaran tersebut. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang terhadap pasien-pasien adenoma hipofisis yang telah dioperasi transfenoid dari tahun 2012-2014. Fungsi penglihatan pasien (visus, visual impairment scale, dan lapang penglihatan) sebelum dan sesudah operasi transfenoid diambil dari rekam medik pasien. Hasil: Sebanyak delapan sampel (57,1%) mengalami perbaikan dan enam pasien (42,9%) tidak mengalami perbaikan nilai visual impairment scale (VIS). Sebanyak delapan sampel (57,1%) mengalami perbaikan dan sebanyak enam pasien (42,9%) tidak mengalami perbaikan visus. Setelah dilakukan tindakan pembedahan untuk mengangkat adenoma hipofisis dengan pendekatan transfenoid, sebagian besar pasien (57,1%) mengalami perbaikan fungsi penglihatan baik dengan metode pemeriksaan visus maupun VIS. Usia, jenis kelamin, waktu onset sampai berobat, waktu berobat sampai operasi, waktu onset sampai operasi, atau volume operasi tidak berhubungan dengan luaran fungsi penglihatan pasien. Kesimpulan: Operasi transfenoid pada adenoma hipofisis dapat memberikan perbaikan fungsi penglihatan pada sebagian besar pasien adenoma hipofisis.

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Background: Pituitary adenoma is a collection of various type tumors found in the pituitary gland, which can lead to compression of the optic nerve, causing a decrease in visual acuity and field of vision due to the suppressive effect of the tumor mass. Transphenoidal surgery on pituitary adenoma aims to diagnose and decompression of the tumor mass in order to improve or preserve optic nerve function.

Purpose: Evaluate the visual function outcomes (visual acuity and field of vision) in patients with pituitary adenoma and the factors that influence these outcomes.

Method: A cross-sectional study on patients who had transphenoidal surgery of pituitary adenoma from 2012 - 2014. The patient’s visual functions (visual acuity, visual impairment scale, and field of vision) were evaluated before and after transphenoidal surgery. The data were taken from the patient’s medical record.

Result: A total of eight patients (57.1%) showed improvement and six patients (42.9%) didn’t show improvement of visual impairment scale (VIS). A total of eight pstients (57.1%) showed improvement, and as many as six patients (42.9%) did not show vision improvement. After transphenoidal surgery, most patients (57.1%) had improved their visual functions not only by Snellen chart visual acuity test, but also by VIS score. Age, gender, time of onset to treatment, treatment time until surgery, time of onset to surgery, tumor volume before surgery were not related to the patient's visual function outcomes.

Conclusion: Transphenoidal surgery of pituitary adenoma can provide visual function improvement in most patients with pituitary adenoma."

"Focusing on important advances in neurosurgery, this volume presents detailed descriptions of standard operative procedures and in-depth reviews of established knowledge. Readers will find informative chapters written by specialists in the field."

"This volume acquaints the non-neuropathologist with the advantages of clinical-radiologic-pathologic correlation in neuropathology specimens, particularly in the intra-operative consultation. As a good cytology preparation can add to, or even supply in isolation, a diagnosis, this volume covers the enormous and sometimes insurmountable artifacts involved with freezing tissue, especially central nervous system tissue. The text presents how to perform, and stain the cytologic preparations, and how to interpret them. The advantages and disadvantages of both frozen sections and cytologic preparations of various kinds are discussed. The presentation and format is very visual with diagrams, tables, with many figures including pearls and pitfalls and therefore easy reading.An introductory chapter presents the pros and cons of cytology, the advantages and disadvantages of frozen sections, and the artifacts in both. Also included is an argument for knowing what the scans reveal, and the impact of relevant patient history. The volume uses a case-based approach to show correlation between scan, history, frozen section and cytologic preparations.With the combination of extensive correlation of scans, cytology, and frozen section with differential diagnosis, and analysis of the information crucial to the neurosurgeon in a case-based approach and with a special chapter written by a neuroradiologist, this volume is unique in presentation and utility and will be of great value to the trainee in pathology (residents/fellows), and practicing pathologists who include neuropathology in their practice, but do not have formal fellowship training in neuropathology."

"Latar Belakang: Nyeri tulang belakang adalah masalah umum di kalangan orang dewasa. Ini dapat mengakibatkan pembatasan aktivitas dan absensi pekerjaan. Penyakit tulang belakang lainnya seperti nyeri leher dan nyeri pinggang juga menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang meningkat, terutama di kalangan remaja. Penyakit tulang belakang dapat disebabkan oleh kerusakan tulang belakang atau saraf yang menyebabkan rasa sakit dan gangguan stabilitas tulang belakang. Di Indonesia, nyeri punggung sering diabaikan atau diobati sendiri sehingga menyebabkan keterlambatan dalam penanganan yang tepat. Masih kurang penelitian tentang profil operasi tulang belakang di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dan sedikit data epidemiologis penyakit tulang belakang yang dipublikasikan di Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional retrospektif terhadap pasien bedah tulang belakang di departemen bedah saraf RSCM dari Januari 2018 hingga Desember 2022 yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan profil demografi, presentasi klinis, dan waktu antara gejala pertama dan operasi pasien. Data akan dikumpulkan dari semua rekam medis yang tersedia dan dianalisis menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistik 24.0. Data tersebut akan ditabulasikan dan disajikan secara deskriptif.Hasil: Penelitian ini melibatkan 363 pasien, dengan usia rata-rata 46,55 ± 15,732 tahun. Mayoritas pasien (41,1%) mengalami keterlambatan lebih dari 12 bulan antara onset gejala pertama dan operasi. Gejala klinis yang paling umum adalah defisit sensorik bilateral (44,6%) dan nyeri radikular (29,2%), dan penyakit tulang belakang degeneratif, terutama degenerasi lumbal (25,4%), adalah etiologi yang paling umum.Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menggarisbawahi prevalensi penyakit tulang belakang degeneratif dan menyoroti pentingnya diagnosis dan intervensi tepat waktu untuk meningkatkan hasil bedah untuk kondisi penytulang belakang di Indonesia.

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Introduction: Back pain is a common issue among adults. It can result in activity restrictions and job absences. Other spinal diseases such as neck pain and low back pain are also becoming a rising public health concern, especially among teenagers. The number of spinal surgeries has almost doubled from 2004 to 2015. Spinal disease can be caused by damage to the spine or nerves, leading to pain and impaired spinal stability. In Indonesia, back pain is often ignored or self-treated, leading to a delay in proper treatment. There is a lack of studies on the profiles and outcomes of spinal surgeries in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) and little to no published epidemiological data of spinal diseases in Indonesia.

Method: This study is a retrospective observational study of spinal surgery patients at the department of neurosurgery RSCM from January 2018 to December 2022 that aims to describe demographic profiles, clinical presentations, and time between first symptoms and surgery of the patients. The data will be collected from all available medical records and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0.  The data will be tabulated and presented in a descriptive manner.

Results: The study included 363 patients, with a mean age of 46.55 ± 15.732 years. The majority of patients (41.1%) experienced delays of more than 12 months between first symptom onset and surgery. The most common clinical symptoms were bilateral sensoric deficits (44.6%) and radicular pain (29.2%). Degenerative spinal diseases, particularly lumbar degeneration (25.4%), were the most common etiology.

Conclusion: The findings underscores the prevalence of degenerative spinal diseases and highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention to improve surgical outcomes for spinal conditions in Indonesia. "

"This book aims to provide the trainee and practicing minimally invasive neurological therapist with a comprehensive understanding of the background science and theory that forms the foundation of their work. The contents are based on the tutorial teaching techniques used at the University of Oxford and are authored by the MSc Course Director. The tutorial is a learning episode focussed on a particular topic and intended to guide the student/reader through the background literature, to highlight the research on which standard practices are based and to provide the insights of an experienced practitioner. Each chapter of the book covers a different topic to build a complete review of the subspecialty, with in-depth discussion of all currently used techniques. The literature is reviewed and presented in context to illustrate its importance to the practice of this rapidly expanding field of medical treatment."

"This handbook is aimed at first-line health care providers involved in the perioperative care of adult and pediatric neurosurgical patients. It is unique in its systematic focus on how to deal with common and important clinical challenges encountered in day-to-day practice in the OR, the PACU, and the ICU and is designed as a problem-solving tool for all members of the perioperative medicine team: trainees and faculty in anesthesiology, neurosurgery, and critical care; nurses; nurse anesthetists; and physician’s assistants. • Encompasses clinical continuum from neurosurgical pre-op to critical care – plus anesthesia in neuroradiology• Adult and pediatric care• Structured algorithmic approach supports clinical decision-making• Succinct presentation of clinically relevant basic science• End-of-chapter summaries, with suggestions for further reading• Collaborative approach and multidisciplinary nature of perioperative medicine emphasized• Extensive summary tables• Portable and formatted for quick retrieval of information• Ideal for use in the OR, the PACU, and the ICU"