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"Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk membuktikan apakah teknik One-More-Than efektif meningkatkan kemampuan menggunakan uang dalam membeli barang pada anak tunagrahita sedang. Kemampuan menggunakan uang dalam membeli barang yang ditingkatkan adalah kemampuan dalam memberikan uang secara efisien, yaitu memberikan nominal jumlah uang yang mendekati harga yang diminita ketika membeli barang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain subjek tunggal pada anak tunagrahita sedang. Program diberikan selama tujuh hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kemampuan menggunakan uang dalam membeli barang pada subjek setelah program diberikan. Teknik One-More-Than efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menggunakan uang dalam membeli barang pada subjek. Setelah tujuh hari program dihentikan, subjek masih mampu mempertahankan kemampuan tersebut.

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The objective of this research is to examine whether the One-More-Than technique effectively enhance the money skills to purchase item in children with moderate intellectual disability. Money skills to purchase item defined as an ability to give money efficiently, which gives a nominal amount of money that is closer to the stated price when buying item. This research use single subject design in children with moderate intellectual disability. The program was administered for seven days.

The result from this research shows that money skills to purchase item improved after the program was administered. One-More-Than technique effectively enhance money skills to purchase item to subject. Seven days after the program, the subject still able to maintain money skills to purchase item."

"Penyandang Disabilitas Mental di Panti Sosial mengalami viktimisasi kekerasan berupa pemasungan. Meskipun peraturan terkait larangan pemasungan telah dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah, tetapi tidak menghentikan terjadinya praktik pemasungan di Panti Sosial. Institutionalisasi di Panti Sosial menjadikan Panti Sosial sebagai tempat yang memiliki aturan sendiri sehingga membenarkan terjadinya praktik pemasungan dengan berbagai alasan. Dengan menggunakan analisis Routine Activity Theory dapat dilihat bahwa ketiga elemen RAT (a suitable target, a motivated offender, the absence of capable guardian) terjadi dalam satu ruang dan waktu sehingga viktimisasi kekerasan berupa pemasungan terjadi pada Penyandang Disabilitas Mental.

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People with mental disabilities in social institutions experience violence victimization in the form of shackling. Even though regulations regarding the prohibition of shackling have been issued by the government, this has not stopped the practice of shackling in social institutions. Institutionalization in social institutions makes social institutions a place that has its own rules, thus justifying the practice of shackling for various reasons. By using Routine Activity Theory analysis, it can be seen that the three elements of RAT (a suitable target, a motivated offender, the absence of capable guardian) occur in one space and time so that violent victimization in the form of shackling occurs in Persons with Mental Disabilities."

"Orang dengan gangguan jiwa merupakan salah satu kelompok rentan di Indonesia yang harus dilindungi, dihormati, dan dipenuhi haknya sebagai manusia seutuhnya. Namun, pada kenyataannya kelompok ini kerap mengalami stigma yang memposisikan diri mereka sebagai korban. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam semi terstruktur terhadap beberapa pasien daycare di salah satu rumah sakit jiwa. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ODGJ mengalami perlakuan-perlakuan negatif baik dari keluarga, masyarakat, dan negara akibat struktur sosial yang tidak adil dalam masyarakat. Perlakuan tersebut mencakup kurangnya dukungan keluarga, diskriminasi dan eksklusi dari masyarakat, serta minimnya dukungan fasilitas dan kebijakan dari negara. Ketimpangan relasi kuasa dan ketidakhadiran negara dalam memberikan perlindungan yang layak turut memperkuat kerentanan ODGJ dalam mengalami viktimisasi struktural.

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People with mental disorders are among the vulnerable groups in Indonesia, whose rights to protection, dignity, and their fundamental rights must be upheld. Nevertheless, this group continues to face pervasive stigma that reinforce their position as victims within society. This study adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured in-depth interviews with several patients enrolled in a daycare program at a psychiatric hospital. The findings indicate that individuals with mental disorders are experience various forms of negative treatment from their family, communities, and the state, stemming from unjust social structure. Such treatment includes the lack of family support, social discrimination and exclusion, and insufficient governmental infrastructure and policy implementation. The imbalance of power relations and the absence of state protection contribute significantly to the structural victimization experienced by people with mental disorders. "

"ABSTRAKRetardasi mental merupakan salah satu gangguan mental di Indonesia, yang memunculkan stigma negatif di masyarakat sehingga orangtua menelantarkan atau menitipkan anaknya ke panti sosial. Pengasuh di panti sosial memerlukan pengetahuan mengenai retardasi mental, motivasi tinggi dalam bekerja, dan sikap positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan motivasi dengan sikap pengasuh. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain deskriptif-analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 28 orang yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Fisher rsquo;s Exact dan memperlihatkan tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan sikap pengasuh p=1,00 dan ?=0,05 . Hasil penelitian juga memperlihatkan ada hubungan antara motivasi dengan sikap pengasuh p=0,020 dan ?=0,05 . Dari hasil tersebut, maka diperlukan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, motivasi, dan sikap pengasuh yang positif terhadap pasien retardasi mental. Peran perawat diperlukan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan, sharing ilmu, dan memberikan pelatihan untuk pengasuh.

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ABSTRACTMental retardation is one of the most leading mental disorders in Indonesia that has increase many negative stigmas in the community so that parents tend to neglect or put his son to the workhoses. Caregivers in workhouses need knowledge about mental retardation, high motivation in working, and positive attitude. This research aims to know the relatonship between the level of knowledge and motivation with caregivers attitude. This study use descriptive analytic method with cross sectional approach. These samples included 28 individuals who have been selected with a total sampling technique. The result are analyzed using Fisher rsquo s Exact Test and showed no relationship between the level of knowledge with caregiver attitude p 1,00 dan 0,05 . The other result showed there is a relationship between motivation with caregivers attitude p 0,020 dan 0,05 . From the result, then the necessary training to increase knowledge, motivation, and attitude possitive towards caregivers of patient with mental retardation. The role of nurse are providing the required nursing care, sharing knowledge, and provide training for caregivers."

"Summary: Fully revised, this new edition reviews the most up-to-date and clinically relevant information on the mental health and behavioral problems of people with intellectual, developmental and learning disabilities, also previously known as mental retardation. Providing the latest evidence base from the literature and embracing clinical experience, it covers the essential facts and concepts relating to coexisting medical and psychiatric disorders, with new and updated chapters on mental health and epilepsy, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, personality disorders, and mental health problems in people with autism and related disorders. The disorder-based chapters are complemented by chapters on carer and family perspectives, possible future developments and contributions highlighting the principles of assessment, management and services from global and historical perspectives. This is essential hands-on practical advice for psychiatrists, psychologists and all other mental health professionals including nurses, therapists, social workers, managers, service providers and commissioners."