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Abstrak :
Toksoplasmosis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Toxoplasma gondii, penyakit tersebut menyebabkan kelainan kongenital seperti hidrosefalus, katarak, retinitis, retardasi mental, abortus dan pada penderita imunodefisiensi gejala menjadi lebih berat. Karena itu pelt' dilakukan diagnosis dini, supaya dapat di beri pengobatan secepatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah teknik PCR dapat mendeteksi DNA genom Toxoplasma gondii. Teknik ini dilakukan terhadap DNA genom takizoit T gondii, dengan menggunakan primer 5' GGA ACT GCA TCC GTT CAT GAG 3' dan 5' TCT TTA AAG CGT TCG TGG TC 3', dan dilakukan standarisasi terhadap konsentrasi MgCI2 (1.5 dan 2.0 mM), konsentrasi enzim taq polimerase (0.7 unit dan 1.75 unit), konsentrasi DNA cetakan 50, 5, 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, dan 0.001 ng, dan jumlah siklus (35 siklus dan 55 siklus). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi MgCI2 (1.5 mM), 1.75 unit taq polimerase, konsentrasi DNA cetakan 50, 5, 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, dan 0.001 ng, dan jumlah siklus 55 memberikan hasil produk PCR berupa pita berukuran 193 pb. Berdasarkan hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknik PCR sangat sensitif, yaltu dapat mendeteksi 1 pg DNA Toxoplasma gondii (1 takizoit).

Abstrak :
[Prevalensi infeksi parasit usus di Jakarta masih tinggi, yaitu mencapai 70,47%. Ada beberapa jalur transmisinya, antara lain melalui konsumsi sayuran yang terkontaminasi. Sayuran yang mungkin terkontaminasi ialah kubis, terlebih lagi kubis dapat dimakan dalam kondisi mentah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan kontaminasi parasit usus pada kubis di pasar tradisional dan swalayan Jakarta tahun 2012. Digunakan masing-masing 20 sampel sayuran kubis dari pasar tradisional dan swalayan Jakarta. Sampel diolah menggunakan metode sedimentasi sederhana dengan media perendaman larutan deterjen cair 10% dan air sebagai kontrol. Ditemukan 100% sampel kubis yang diteliti menggunakan media perendaman larutan deterjen cair 10% positif terkontaminasi parasit usus dengan jumlah yang bervariasi. Spesies parasit usus yang ditemukan ialah Ascaris lumbricoides (64,03%), Trichuris trichiura (18,71%), cacing tambang (7,02%), Giardia lamblia (7,90%), dan Entamoeba coli (2,34%). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,000) antara jumlah parasit usus pada sayuran kubis di pasar tradisional sebanyak 2240 (64,93%) dan swalayan sebanyak 1210 (35,07%). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,000) antara jumlah kontaminasi parasit usus pada sayuran kubis berdasarkan media perendaman, yaitu sebanyak 3450 (71,43%) pada larutan deterjen cair 10% dan 1380 (28, 57%) pada air.;Prevalence of intestinal parasites infection in Jakarta is still high, about 70,47%. There are several ways of its transmission. One of them is by consuming contaminated vegetables. Vegetables which are possible to be contaminated is cabbage, more over it can be consumed in raw condition. This study aims to determine and compare contamination of intestinal parasites on cabbage from traditional and modern markets Jakarta 2012. This study used 20 samples of cabbages from each traditional and modern markets in Jakarta. Samples were processed using a simple sedimentation method with 10% liquid detergent solution as submersion media and water as control. From all samples, 100% samples of cabbage that were soaked in 10% liquid detergent solution were positive contaminated by intestinal parasites in varying amounts. Species of intestinal parasites that was found were Ascaris lumbricoides (64,03%), Trichuris trichiura (18,71%), Hookworm (7,02%), Giardia lamblia (7,90%), and Entamoeba coli (2,34%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasite on cabbage from traditional markets as much as 2240 (64,93%) and modern markets as much as 1210 (35,07%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasites contamination on cabbage based on submersion media, 3450 (71.43%) was found by using 10% liquid detergent solution and 1380 (28, 57%) was found by using water.;Prevalence of intestinal parasites infection in Jakarta is still high, about 70,47%. There are several ways of its transmission. One of them is by consuming contaminated vegetables. Vegetables which are possible to be contaminated is cabbage, more over it can be consumed in raw condition. This study aims to determine and compare contamination of intestinal parasites on cabbage from traditional and modern markets Jakarta 2012. This study used 20 samples of cabbages from each traditional and modern markets in Jakarta. Samples were processed using a simple sedimentation method with 10% liquid detergent solution as submersion media and water as control. From all samples, 100% samples of cabbage that were soaked in 10% liquid detergent solution were positive contaminated by intestinal parasites in varying amounts. Species of intestinal parasites that was found were Ascaris lumbricoides (64,03%), Trichuris trichiura (18,71%), Hookworm (7,02%), Giardia lamblia (7,90%), and Entamoeba coli (2,34%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasite on cabbage from traditional markets as much as 2240 (64,93%) and modern markets as much as 1210 (35,07%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasites contamination on cabbage based on submersion media, 3450 (71.43%) was found by using 10% liquid detergent solution and 1380 (28, 57%) was found by using water.;Prevalence of intestinal parasites infection in Jakarta is still high, about 70,47%. There are several ways of its transmission. One of them is by consuming contaminated vegetables. Vegetables which are possible to be contaminated is cabbage, more over it can be consumed in raw condition. This study aims to determine and compare contamination of intestinal parasites on cabbage from traditional and modern markets Jakarta 2012. This study used 20 samples of cabbages from each traditional and modern markets in Jakarta. Samples were processed using a simple sedimentation method with 10% liquid detergent solution as submersion media and water as control. From all samples, 100% samples of cabbage that were soaked in 10% liquid detergent solution were positive contaminated by intestinal parasites in varying amounts. Species of intestinal parasites that was found were Ascaris lumbricoides (64,03%), Trichuris trichiura (18,71%), Hookworm (7,02%), Giardia lamblia (7,90%), and Entamoeba coli (2,34%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasite on cabbage from traditional markets as much as 2240 (64,93%) and modern markets as much as 1210 (35,07%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasites contamination on cabbage based on submersion media, 3450 (71.43%) was found by using 10% liquid detergent solution and 1380 (28, 57%) was found by using water.;Prevalence of intestinal parasites infection in Jakarta is still high, about 70,47%. There are several ways of its transmission. One of them is by consuming contaminated vegetables. Vegetables which are possible to be contaminated is cabbage, more over it can be consumed in raw condition. This study aims to determine and compare contamination of intestinal parasites on cabbage from traditional and modern markets Jakarta 2012. This study used 20 samples of cabbages from each traditional and modern markets in Jakarta. Samples were processed using a simple sedimentation method with 10% liquid detergent solution as submersion media and water as control. From all samples, 100% samples of cabbage that were soaked in 10% liquid detergent solution were positive contaminated by intestinal parasites in varying amounts. Species of intestinal parasites that was found were Ascaris lumbricoides (64,03%), Trichuris trichiura (18,71%), Hookworm (7,02%), Giardia lamblia (7,90%), and Entamoeba coli (2,34%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasite on cabbage from traditional markets as much as 2240 (64,93%) and modern markets as much as 1210 (35,07%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasites contamination on cabbage based on submersion media, 3450 (71.43%) was found by using 10% liquid detergent solution and 1380 (28, 57%) was found by using water., Prevalence of intestinal parasites infection in Jakarta is still high, about 70,47%. There are several ways of its transmission. One of them is by consuming contaminated vegetables. Vegetables which are possible to be contaminated is cabbage, more over it can be consumed in raw condition. This study aims to determine and compare contamination of intestinal parasites on cabbage from traditional and modern markets Jakarta 2012. This study used 20 samples of cabbages from each traditional and modern markets in Jakarta. Samples were processed using a simple sedimentation method with 10% liquid detergent solution as submersion media and water as control. From all samples, 100% samples of cabbage that were soaked in 10% liquid detergent solution were positive contaminated by intestinal parasites in varying amounts. Species of intestinal parasites that was found were Ascaris lumbricoides (64,03%), Trichuris trichiura (18,71%), Hookworm (7,02%), Giardia lamblia (7,90%), and Entamoeba coli (2,34%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasite on cabbage from traditional markets as much as 2240 (64,93%) and modern markets as much as 1210 (35,07%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasites contamination on cabbage based on submersion media, 3450 (71.43%) was found by using 10% liquid detergent solution and 1380 (28, 57%) was found by using water.]

Abstrak :
[Transmisi infeksi protozoa usus dapat diminimalisir melalui memperhatikan pola hidup bersih dengan baik. Pola hidup bersih terdiri dari status sanitasi dasar, kebersihan pribadi, dan kebersihan konsumsi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengamati hubungan antara pola hidup bersih dan temuan protozoa usus dengan menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada Juli 2014 terhadap 94 penduduk dewasa sebagai subyek penelitian di DKI Jakarta dan TPA Bantar Gebang. Subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, status pola hidup bersih yang baik dan pola hidup bersih yang tidak baik. Hasil penelitian didapatkan pada 53 subyek dengan status sanitasi dasar yang baik ditemukan hanya 41,5% temuan protozoa usus positif. Pada 70 subyek dengan kebersihan pribadi yang baik, hanya 48,6% temuan protozoa usus positif. Pada 56 subyek dengan kebersihan konsumsi yang baik, hanya 39,3% temuan protozoa usus positif. Pada penelitian ini, didapatkan p:0,035; 0,409;0,006, berurutan.Rasio prevalensi pada kebersihan konsumsi yang didapatkan yakni 3 (IK 95% 1,4-7,9)., Transmission of the intestinal protozoan infection can be minimized by focusing on hygienic lifestyle. Hygienic lifestyle consists of basic hygiene, personal hygiene, and food hygiene. This research was made to observe the correlation between hygiene lifestyle and the finding of intestinal protozoan, using cross sectional design. The data collection was held in July 2014 to the 94 adult people as the research subjects in Jakarta and Bantar Gebang landfill. The research subjects were divided into two groups, good hygienic lifestyle and poor hygienic lifestyle. Result of this research was known that 53 subjects as good basic hygienic, positive finding of intestinal protozoan was only 41,5%. In 70 subjects as good personal hygiene, positive finding of intestinal protozoan was only 48,6%. In 56 subjects as good food hygiene, positive finding of intestinal protozoan was only 39,3%. In this research, p: 0,035; 0,409; 0,006, respectively. Prevalence ratio of food hygiene was 3 (CI 95% 1,4-7,9).]

Abstrak :
[Sayuran kemangi yang sering dikonsumsi secara mentah misalnya sebagai lalapan, dapat menjadi media transmisi infeksi parasit usus yaitu Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) dan kista protozoa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode potong lintang, menggunakan 40 sampel sayuran kemangi yang dibeli secara acak dari pasar tradisional dan swalayan di Jakarta. Dua puluh sampel dari pasar tradisional dan 20 sampel dari pasar swalayan kemudian direndam selama 24 jam dalam larutan garam cuka dan air sebagai kontrol. Perendaman ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh jumlah kontaminasi parasit usus. Data berupa jumlah telur STH atau kista protozoa kemudian diproses dengan SPSS versi 20 dan dianalisis dengan uji t tidak berpasangan atau uji Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukan 14 sampel terkontaminasi STH, 7 sampel dari pasar tradisional dan 7 sampel dari pasar swalayan, dan seluruh sampel (100%) terkontaminasi kista protozoa. Jumlah parasit usus yang ditemukan sebesar 1780 pada pasar tradisional dan 1550 pada pasar pasar swalayan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p > 0,05) antarajumlah kontaminasi parasit usus yang ditemukan pada pasar tradisional dan swalayan Jakarta, dan diperoleh perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara jumlah parasit usus yang ditemukan pada media perendaman larutan garam cuka dan air. Jenis pasar tidak mempengaruhi kontaminasi parasit usus pada sayuran kemangi dan penggunaan larutan garam cuka sebagai media perendaman berpengaruh terhadap jumlah parasit usus yang ditemukan.;Basil is often consumed uncooked, instance as lalapan, but it can be a medium of transmission of the intestinal parasites infection, Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) and protozoan cysts. This research used an observational analytic crosssectional method, which used 40 samples of basil purchased randomly from the traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta. Twenty samples from traditional markets and 20 samples from selservice markets were soaked in acetous salt solution and water as a control study to obtain the number of STH eggs or protozoan cysts. Data were processed by SPSS 20 version then analyzed by t test or Mann Whitney. Result of research showed 14 samples were contaminated by STH, 7 from traditional markets and 7 from selfservice markets, and all samples (100%) were contaminated by protozoan cysts. The number of parasites is 1780 from traditional markets and 1550 from selfservice markets. Results of this research showed, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites in traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta, and there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites by sedimentation method in acetous salt solution and water. Type of market does not affect the prevalence of intestinal parasites in basil, and acetous salt solution as soaking media in sedimentation method, affects the prevalence of parasites.;Basil is often consumed uncooked, instance as lalapan, but it can be a medium of transmission of the intestinal parasites infection, Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) and protozoan cysts. This research used an observational analytic crosssectional method, which used 40 samples of basil purchased randomly from the traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta. Twenty samples from traditional markets and 20 samples from selservice markets were soaked in acetous salt solution and water as a control study to obtain the number of STH eggs or protozoan cysts. Data were processed by SPSS 20 version then analyzed by t test or Mann Whitney. Result of research showed 14 samples were contaminated by STH, 7 from traditional markets and 7 from selfservice markets, and all samples (100%) were contaminated by protozoan cysts. The number of parasites is 1780 from traditional markets and 1550 from selfservice markets. Results of this research showed, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites in traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta, and there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites by sedimentation method in acetous salt solution and water. Type of market does not affect the prevalence of intestinal parasites in basil, and acetous salt solution as soaking media in sedimentation method, affects the prevalence of parasites., Basil is often consumed uncooked, instance as lalapan, but it can be a medium of transmission of the intestinal parasites infection, Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) and protozoan cysts. This research used an observational analytic crosssectional method, which used 40 samples of basil purchased randomly from the traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta. Twenty samples from traditional markets and 20 samples from selservice markets were soaked in acetous salt solution and water as a control study to obtain the number of STH eggs or protozoan cysts. Data were processed by SPSS 20 version then analyzed by t test or Mann Whitney. Result of research showed 14 samples were contaminated by STH, 7 from traditional markets and 7 from selfservice markets, and all samples (100%) were contaminated by protozoan cysts. The number of parasites is 1780 from traditional markets and 1550 from selfservice markets. Results of this research showed, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites in traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta, and there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites by sedimentation method in acetous salt solution and water. Type of market does not affect the prevalence of intestinal parasites in basil, and acetous salt solution as soaking media in sedimentation method, affects the prevalence of parasites.]