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"Penyakit malaria disebabkan oleh Plasmodium dan ditularkan melalui nyamuk Anopheles serta menyerang semua orang. Berdasarkan data surveilans penyakit malaria di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur tahun 1997 sampai dengan 2000 menunjukkan bahwa kejadian malaria di kabupaten ini tidak mengalami perubahan yang berarti. Kecamatan Cempaga terletak di wilayah Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur merupakan daerah endernis malaria. Sebagian masyarakat Cempaga melakukan aktivitas di hutan sebagai sumber penghasilan keluarga, serta menginap di hutan. Petani yang menginap di hutan ini diduga berisiko menderita malaria.Penelitian kasus kontrol ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan petani yang menginap di hutan dengan kejadian malaria di Kecamatan Cempaga Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur, Kalimantan Tengah tahun 2002.Dan hasil studi ini diketahui faktor petani yang menginap di hutan berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria, setelah dikontrol variabel lain OR 12,08 (95% CI 5.648 - 25.857). Sedangkan variabel kovariat yang berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria adalah kebiasaan memasang kelambu waktu tidur malam OR 2.507 (95% CI 1.239 - 5.073), jarak rumah dari hutan OR 2.507 (95% CI 1.239 - 5.073) dan kebiasaan berpakaian keluar rumah malam hari OR 2.285 (95% CI 1,089 - 4.794).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan agar puskesmas di Kecamalan Cempaga dan puskesmas lain di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur yang memiliki persamaan keadaan lingkungan dengan Kecamatan Cempaga melakukan penyuluhan kesehatan masyarakat tentang pemberantasan malaria. Penyuluhan ini diprioritaskan kepada petani yang menginap di hutan. Dalam penyuluhan tersebut disarankan agar tidak rnenginap di hutan, jika harus menginap agar memasang kelambu waktu tidur malam.Daftar pustaka : 3l (1950 -2002)

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The Association between Settling in the Forest and the Occurrence of Malaria in Sub-district Cempaga, District Kotawaringin Timur, Central Kalimantan in 2002Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and transmitted through Anopheles mosquito. The disease may attack every body. Based on surveillance data on malaria in district Kotawaringin Timur, in 1997 -2000, the disease incidence was not changed considerably. Sub-district Cempaga lies in the district of Kotawaringin Timur which is an endemic area for malaria. Some residents in the sub-district need to stay several nights in the forest to do their works as farmers. The farmers settling in the forest were suspected to beat higher risk of suffering from malaria.The objective of this case control study was to know the association between settling in the forest and the occurrence of malaria in sub-district Cempaga, district Kotawaringin Timur, Central Kalimantan in the year of 2002.The findings showed that settling in the forest, after being adjusted by other variables, was significantly associated with the occurrence of malaria (OR= 12.08; 95% CI: 5,648 - 25,857). Other variables associated with the occurrence of malaria were habit of using bed-nets (OR=2,507; 95% CI: 1 .239 - 5.073), distance from home (OR=2.507; 95% Cl: 1.239 - 5.073) and habit of using clothes when staying outside (OR= 2.285; 95% Cl: 1.089 - 4.794).Based on the results, we recommended the community health center (CHS) in sub-district Cempaga dan other CHS's in district Kotawaringin Timur having the similar environment to conduct public health education and promotion about malaria control. The education and promotion intervention should be a priority for farmers settling in the forest. They are suggested to avoid staying in the forest. Should they settle in the forest, using bed-nets for sleeping is highly recommended.Reference: 31 (1950 - 2002)"

"Infeksi protozoa usus pada kelompok usia anak masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di negara berkembang, salah satunya di Indonesia. Di Indonesia dilaporkan prevalensinya berkisar antara 6,1-57,0%. Namun, infeksi protozoa usus pada anak seringkali tidak terdiagnosis karena gejala seringkali sudah tidak khas akibat berbagai pengobatan yang diberikan, terutama di rumah sakit tersier. Hasil negatif palsu juga dapat ditemukan pada kelompok pasien ini. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan studi terkait profil klinis pasien anak dengan kecurigaan diagnosis infeksi parasit usus serta hubungannya dengan hasil pemeriksaan spesimen feses. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi infeksi protozoa usus pada anak di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo serta mengetahui karakteristik klinis dan faktor yang berhubungan dengan deteksi protozoa usus. Penelitian dilakukan secara potong lintang retrospektif, menggunakan data rekam medis pasien anak usia <18 tahun dari RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo yang diperiksa fesesnya di Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI. Data demografi, status gizi, riwayat penyakit, riwayat pemberian obat antiparasit, status HIV dan nilai CD4, dan hasil pemeriksaan feses diekstraksi dari rekam medis. Analisis bivariat dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antarvariabel terhadap deteksi protozoa usus. Dari total 251 rekam medis pasien yang tercatat pada tahun 2018 hingga 2020, terdapat 97 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria eligibilitas penelitian dan dilakukan analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi infeksi protozoa usus sebesar 10,3% (10/97). Infeksi Blastocystis hominis paling banyak ditemukan (6/10), diikuti Cryptosporidium spp. (3/10), Giardia duodenalis (2/10), Cyclospora sp. (1/10) dan Entamoeba histolytica (1/10). Kelompok usia sekolah, status HIV positif, dan nilai CD4 <200 sel/μl merupakan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan deteksi protozoa usus pada studi ini.

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Intestinal protozoa infection in the child age group is still a health problem in developing countries, one of which is in Indonesia. In Indonesia, the reported prevalence ranges from 6.1% to 57.0%. These infections tended to be undiagnosed due to nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings, as the patients might have been exposed to various antimicrobial treatments prior to examination. Thus, a study on the relationship between patients’ clinical profiles and stool specimen results needs to be performed. The current study aimed to identify the proportion of intestinal protozoan infection in pediatric patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital and the associated factors of the infection. The research was a retrospective, cross-sectional study on patients aged <18 years. Data on patients’ medical records were retrieved: demography, nutritional status, past medical history, treatment history, HIV status, CD4 levels, and results of the fecal examination. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify the associated factors of intestinal protozoan infection. A total of 251 medical records from patients admitted in years 2018 through 2020 were obtained, among which 97 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and underwent final analysis. The proportion of intestinal protozoan infection was 10.3% (10/97), the most prevalent being Blastocystis hominis (6/10), followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (3/10), Giardia duodenalis (2/10), Cyclospora sp. (1/10) and Entamoeba histolytica (1/10). Current study results demonstrated that being school-age children, being HIV-positive, and having CD4 <200 cells/μl contributed to intestinal protozoan infection."

"ABSTRAKInfeksi protozoa usus dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya absorpsi nutrisi defisiensi vitamin dan mineral sehingga mengakibatkan penderita rentan mengalami penyakit serius Faktor higenitas sanitasi yang buruk meningkatkan risiko terjadinya infeksi parasit usus Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk membandingkan status infeksi protozoa usus antara penduduk yang tinggal di TPA dan penduduk di luar TPA Dilakukan penelitian cross sectional pada bulan Juli 2014 Penelitian ini melibatkan 55 responden penduduk yang tinggal di sekitar TPA dan 43 responden penduduk di luar TPA yang diambil berdasarkan consecutive sampling Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopik didapatkan sebesar 40 responden tinggal di sekitar TPA 72 7 dan 10 penduduk yang tinggal di luar TPA 27 3 positif mengalami infeksi protozoa usus Spesies yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini adalah Blastocystis hominis Entamoeba coli dan Giardia lamblia Berdasarkan hasil uji chi square didapatkan p 0 00 p

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ABSTRACTIntestinal protozoan infection may alter nutrition absorption in the small intestines causing vitamin and mineral deficiency As a result people with untreated intestinal protozoan infection are prone to have serious diseases Poor personal hygiene and sanitation will increase the risk of intestinal protozoan infection Therefore a research is needed to compare intestinal protozoan infection between people living near Bantar Gebang landfill and people living outside the landfill The research was conducted on July 2014 using cross sectional method There were 55 respondents who live near Bantar Gebang landfill and 43 respondents live outside the landfill The samples were taken by consecutive sampling From the research using microscopic examination we found 72 7 respondents living near Bantar Gebang landfill and 27 3 respondents living outside the landfill were positive for protozoan intestinal infection There were three species found in this research Blastocystis hominis Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba coli Based on chi square analysis there was a significant difference of Blastocystis hominis infection between people living near Bantar Gebang and people living outside the landfill p 0 00 p"

"The present book evaluates in chapters contributed by renowned researchers the latest findings on, landmarks in the discovery of blastocystis, epidemiology, transmission and zoonotic potential, morphology of human and animal blastocystis isolates, clinical aspects of blastocystis infections, behavioral decision analysis : what makes us sick?, blastocystis-host interactions, molecular approaches on the systematical position, genetic polymorphism, blastocystis from a statistical point of view, diarrheas due to different agents of disease, zoonotic diseases in comparison."