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"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Untuk mendapatkan data tentang jumlah koleksi manuskrip terjilid yang dimiliki oleh Perpustakaan Nasional RI, bagaimana kondisi fisik manuskrip dan bentuk mikronya serta kondisi lingkungan tempat penyimpanan manuskrip tersebut; (2) Mendapatkan data tentang pelaksanaan pelestarian manuskrip, baik konservasi preventif, konservasi pasif maupun konservasi aktif; (3) Mengkaji kebijakan pelestarian dan negara-negara yang sudah maju dari berbagai sumber untuk menyusun kebijakan pelestarian manuskrip yang akan direkomendasikan kepada Perpustakaan Nasional RI.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei, yaitu: (1) survei kuantitatif untuk mengetahui jumlah koleksi manuskrip berdasarkan tingkat kerusakan fisik manuskrip, tingkat keasaman kertas manuskrip, pengaruh tinta iron gall pada kertas manuskrip, adanya indikasi serangan serangga dan jamur serta tingkat kerusakan mikrofilm positif, (2) survei kualitatif untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan tempat penyimpanan manuskrip dan bentuk mikronya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Kondisi fisik manuskrip yang masih baik sebesar 23,8 %, kondisi sedang 29,9 %, sedangkan yang kondisinya rusak 46,3 %; kertas manuskrip bersifat asam sebesar 71,8 % dan sangat asam 20,3 % dan 7,9 % bersifat netral; berlubang karena dimakan serangga sebesar 30,8 % dan ditumbuhi jamur sebesar 1,3 %. Data hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa dari 17 % koleksi yang rusak berdasarkan hasil survei The IRT for Conservation & Preservation pada tahun 1989 menjadi 46,3 % berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini; (2) Kerusakan mikrofilm positif didominasi oleh faktor lingkungan tempat penyimpanan, diikuti oleh salah penanganan dan kurang telitinya dalam kontrol kualitas, termasuk di dalamnya tidak diterapkannya methylene blue test untuk mengetahui adanya residu tio sulfat; (3) Kondisi lingkungan tempat penyimpanan manuskrip dan bentuk mikronya kurang optimal karena suhu dan kelembaban udara tidak terkontrol serta tidak adanya usaha-usaha pengendalian pencemar udara dan kerusakan oleh pencahayahaan.Untuk melestarikan koleksi manuskrip Nusantara diperlukan perencanaan yang sistematis, baik tentang perencanaan konservasi preventif yang di dalamnya mencakup penyusunan kebijakan pelestarian, konservasi pasif maupun konservasi aktif dan restorasi. Implementasi dan perencanaan dan kebijakan pelestarian tersebut di atas dapat mewujudkan pelestarian manuskrip Nusantara yang menyeluruh di Perpustakaan Nasional RI, baik pelestarian fisik maupun informasi yang terkandung di dalamnya.The objectives of this research are: 1) to collect data of hounded manuscript collection owned by The National Library of Indonesia, especially on physical condition of manuscript and their microform and also their repository environmental condition. 2) To gain data on the implementation of preservation policy such as preventive conservation, passive conservation, active conservation and restoration. 3) To study other countries preservation policy through sources, in order to prepare a preservation policy planning to be recommended to The National Library of Indonesia.

The research methods used are survey techniques consisting of 1) quantitative survey to collect data on the physical condition of the manuscripts, such as the level of physical damage, pager acidities, influence of iron gall ink, indication of insect and fungus attack, including the physical condition of microform collection. 2) Qualitative survey, to gain data on the repository environment condition of manuscript and their microform.

Research shows, that: 1) 23.8 % manuscripts are in good physical condition, 29.9 % are in moderate condition, 46.3 % are in damage or bad condition; 20.3 are in % highly acidity of papers condition, 71.8 % are in moderate acidity and 7.9 % are in neutral; 30.8 % are damage by insects, and 1.3% are caused by fungus. Research finding shows, there are 17 % degradation of collections according to the IRT for conservation & Preservation in 1989, become 46.3 % according to this research. 2) Positive microfilm damage is predominated by repository environmental factors, mainly by lack of handling and minimum quality control, including unused methyline blue test to detect thio sulfate residue existences. 3) Unfavorable conditions of repository environment of the manuscript and their microforms are especially caused by uncontrolled temperatures, dampness and lighting repository rooms system.

Preserving Nusantara manuscript collections needs a systematic preservation planning, including: preventive conservation planning such as preparing preservation policy, passive conservation, active conservation and restoration. The implementation of planning and preservation policy would be of some use by The National Library of Indonesia concerning the manuscript preservation physically or their information contents."

"Tumpatan bonded amalgam merupakan tumpatan amalgam yang ditambahkan bahan adhesif /pelapis antara amalgam dengan struktur gigi untuk mengurangi kebocoran mikro.Tujuan : Untuk mengevaluasi kebocoran mikro pada tumpatan bonded amalgam dengan resin semen dan Glass Ionomer Cement.Metode : Sejumlah 40 gigi premolar kavitas kelas I (3x3x2cm; 4 kelompok dengan n=10)) direndam dalam methylene blue 1% selama 24 jam kemudian dipotong. Penetrasi pewarna diamati dengan stereomikroskop dan dinilai dengan skor 0-3.Hasil dievaluasi dengan uji Kruskal Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil : Perbedaan bermakna diantara tiap kelompok penelitian.Kesimpulan : Terdapat kebocoran mikro pada seluruh spesimen dengan nilai yang berbeda.

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Bonded amalgam restoration is amalgam restoration bonded to tooth structure with adhesive or liner.Objective : to evaluate microleakage on bonded amalgam restorations.Methods : 40 premolar teeth with cavity class I, 3x3x2 cm, 4 groups (10 specimens in each group) were immersed in methylene blue 1% for 24 hours and cutted. Penetration of dyes were observed by stereomicroscope and measured with penetration score 0-3 and evaluated by Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney.Results : there was significant differences between each groups.Conclusions : There was microleakage on every groups with different values."

"In some cases, either dentist or patient complains about the appearance of anterior composite restoration. This problem caused by the wrong shading concept in handling variety of available composite systems. layering concept performs to overcome this problem by helping the clinician to understand the correct shading concept. This paper reports some cases in which need anterior composite restoration and restored according to layering concept. The conclusion of these three cases are that understanding the optical characteristic of dental composite and using the same composite system is important to achieve the esthetic goal."

"prosthodontics management of post hemimaxillectomy patient were different company to the principle parameters conventional. Treatment planning and design of definitive prostheses of the maxillofacial case need a carefull examination so that it can anticipate and accommodate the prostheses movement during function so that it wouldn't give pathological stress on the teeth. The restoration on every maxillary defect will increase significantly if the teeth were present. The maintenance of the residual teeth will give better support to increase retention and stabilization of the prostheses so that the patient will feel comfortable, has an esthetical and psychological effect. This paper describe a case report were splinting of three anterior teeth adjacent to the defect with a multiple crown restoration, to protect these abutment teeth."