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"Penanganan gejala penyakit tanpa melalui sumber pelayanan medis telah menjadi kegiatan rutin sehari-hari bagi penduduk. Tindakan pertama yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi penyakit adalah dengan pengobatan sendiri (self-medicated). Di Provinsi Lampung sebesar 66,48% masyarakatnya melakukan pengobatan sendiri dan sebesar 87,33% dari masyarakat Kota Bandar Lampung melakukan pengobatan sendiri dengan menggunakan obat modern. Pengobatan sendiri oleh masyarakat tersebut jika dilakukan secara aman, tepat dan rasional akan membantu mengatasi masalah kesehatan ringan atau membantu masyarakat yang tinggal jauh dari jangkauan fasilitas kesehatan sedangkan penggunasalahan obat (drug misuse) justru dapat mengakibatkan ketidakefektifan pengobatan, obat menjadi tidak berguna atau bahkan membahayakan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pengobatan sendiri yang aman, tepat dan rasional pada masyarakat Kota Bandar Lampung tahun 2003. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan unit analisa rumah tangga, data primer didapatkan dari responden dengan wawancara menggunakan pedoman kuisioner. Sampel penelitian adalah 170 rumah tangga yang melakukan pengobatan sendiri dalam 3 bulan terakhir di Kota Bandar Lampung pada tahun 2003 yang diambil secara cluster.Variabel dependent adalah perilaku pengobatan sendiri yang aman, tepat dan rasional dan sebagai variabel independent adalah faktor predisposisi (usia, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, jumlah anggota keluarga, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, pengetahuan tentang pengobatan sendiri, keyakinan sakit dan keyakinan pengobatan), faktor pemungkin (pengeluaran), dan faktor penguat (keterpaparan iklan). Analisa data meliputi univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi, mean, median, standar deviasi, dan nilai minimum-maksimum, bivariat dengan uji t independent, uji anova dan regresi tinier sederhana dan multivariat menggunakan regresi liner berganda.Ditemukan bahwa responden sebagian besar adalah ibu rumah tangga, berusia antara 23 tahun sampai 65 tahun, sebagian besar berpendidikan tamat SLTA, dan sebagian besar kepala rumah tangga yang bekerja sebagai wiraswasta dengan pengeluaran keluarga rata-rata Rp. 828.088; (95% C1765.517 - 890.659).Dari interval nilai skor perilaku pengobatan sendiri yang aman, tepat-dan rasional yaitu 24 - 72, basil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak satupun masyarakat mencapai skor tertinggi clan perilaku pengobatan sendiri yang aman, tepat dan rasional dan sebanyak 49,5% dad masyarakat Kota Bandar Lampung mempunyai skor perilaku pengobatan sendiri yang aman, tepat dan rasional dibawah rata-rata. Variabel yang masuk dalam model setelah dikontrol dengan variabel lain, yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pengobatan sendiri yang aman, tepat dan rasional adalah tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengeluaran, pengetahuan tentang pengobatan sendiri dan keyakinan pengobatan dengan variabel yang paling dominan adalah tingkat pendidikan.Dengan hasil penelitian ini dapaf disarankan tentang perlunya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pengobatan sendiri melalui kampanye (pemasaran sosial) pengobatan sendiri yang aman, tepat dan rasional secara lebih meluas dengan lebih memperhatikan tingkat pendidikan terutama pada tingkat pendidikan dasar dan menengah, dan masyarakat dengan pendapatan yang rendah. lnformasi yang disertakan dalam kemasan obat (patient package insert) hendaknya berisi informasi yang bisa dimengerti oleh masyarakat bukan merupakan istilah medis.Daftar Pustaka: 59 (1971-2002)Factors Related to the Safe, Accurate, and Rational Self Medication Within Community Bandar Lampung City in The Year 2003 Self-medication for symptoms has become common behavior among the member of community. The first health seeking action undertaken by most people to overcome disease is through self-medication. In the Province of Lampung about 66,8% of household undertake self medication and about 87,33% at Bandar Lampung City has used modern medicine as self medication. This self-medication, if performed safely, accurately, and rationally, would help to overcome mild health problems or help the people who live far from the health facilities. The misuse of drugs could cause ineffective medication; drugs become useless and could even become dangerous.

The objectives of this study are to find out the factors related to safe, accurate, and rational self-medication behaviors. This study employed cross sectional approach design with households as the unit of analysis. Primary data are acquired from the respondents through interviews using questionnaire as the guidelines. The sample of this study are 170 households who perform self medication in the recent three months in Bandar Lampung City in 2003 which are taken through cluster sampling method.

The dependent variable is safe, accurate, and rational self-medication behaviors and as the independent variables are: predisposing factors (age, sex, marital status, family members' number, education level, job, knowledge of self medication, perceived illness and medication assurance), enabling factors (i.e., household expenditure), and reinforcing factors (i.e., advertisement influence). Data analysis consist of statistics distribution of frequency, mean, median, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values, bivariat analysis is using independent t test, ANOVA test, and simple linier regression, and multivariate analysis is using multiple limier regression.

It is discovered that most of the respondents are mothers, aged between 23 to 65 years old, most with high school educational background, and most are head of the families working in the public sectors with average household expenditure around Rp. 828.088, - (95% CI between 765.517-890.659).

Behavior score interval of the safe, accurate and rational self-medication is 24 -72. The result of the study shows that none of the respondent acquired the maximum score of safe, accurate, and rational self-medication and about 49,5% of the respondent have the score below the average. The variables which enter the model after being controlled by other variables, which relates to safe, accurate, and rational self medications are educational level, knowledge of self medication, and medication belief The level of education has been found to be the most determinant factor.

From the result of this study it could be advised of the needs to improve the public knowledge of self medication through a safe, accurate, and rational self medication campaign (social marketing) by giving more attention to those of lower educational level and the with low income. The information embedded on the patient package insert should better consist of information that could be understood by the public, using common terminology/language.

Bibliography List: 59 (1971-2002)"

"ABSTRAKSwamedikasi didefinisikan sebagai penggunaan obat tanpa konsultasi dari dokter, diagnosa, serta peresepannya. Prevalensi swamedikasi yang dilakukan mahasiswa cukup tinggi kemudian disertai dengan ditemukannya masalah terkait praktek swamedikasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan efektivitas media booklet dengan Cara Belajar Insan Aktif (CBIA) pada responden mahasiswa non Ilmu Kesehatan yang sebelumnya telah berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan dan tindakan swamedikasi pada responden ibu-ibu. Desain penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah pre-experimental dengan pre-test dan post-test pada responden yang terbagi menjadi kelompok yang melaksanakan CBIA dan kelompok yang diberikan booklet. Respoden yang mengikuti penelitian hingga selesai berjumlah 78 orang (n booklet = 41 orang, n CBIA = 37 orang). Skor pengetahuan, perilaku, dan sikap diukur dengan kuesioner sebelum serta 6 minggu setelah intervensi CBIA dan booklet. Hasil pengukuran menggunakan uji non parametrik Wilcoxon (p<0,05) diperoleh kedua intervensi yaitu CBIA dan booklet mempengaruhi secara bermakna tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku. Pada uji regresi logistik didapatkan bahwa variabel perancu yaitu umur, status semester, dan anggota keluarga yang berprofesi sebagai tenaga kesehatan tidak mempengaruhi pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku swamedikasi mahasiswa. Pemberian booklet lebih efektif dibandingkan metode CBIA dalam meningkatkan sikap swamedikasi mahasiswa, namun kedua intervensi tersebut sama efektifnya dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku swamedikasi mahasiswa non Ilmu Kesehatan UNTAN Pontianak.

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ABSTRACT

Self-medication is defined as used of medication without obtained diagnose and prescription from physician?s consultation. The prevalence of self-medication at students was high and followed by finding of problems related it practices. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of booklet media with Community-Based Interactive Approach method on non Medical students, which previously have been increasing the knowledge and attitude on housewives respondent. This were pre-experimental study by pre-test and post-test design, the respondent were divided into two groups that carry out the CBIA method and given booklet media. Amount of respondent followed the study until finished were 78 people (n booklet = 41, n CBIA = 37). Knowledge, attitude, and behavior score was assessed by questionnaire in pre-intervention immediately and six week after intervention. The questionnaire result was analyzed by using Wilcoxon non parametric test (p<0.05) showed that CBIA and booklet increasing knowledge, attitude, and behavior of self-medication significantly. The results of logistic regression test showed age, year of study, and educational intervention as not factor that influenced self-medication knowledge, attitude, and behavior of student. The influence booklet intervention more effective than CBIA method toward self-medication attitude. However, both of intervention as effective toward self-medication knowledge and behavior of Non Medical Tanjungpura University Students, Pontianak."

"Risiko kesalahan penggunaan obat pada praktik swamedikasi untuk pasien anak cukup besar meliputi pemilihan obat hingga regimen dosis yang berdampak negatif pada keselamatan pasien. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku swamedikasi dapat dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap yang dimiliki oleh pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengetahuan, sikap, terhadap perilaku pelaksanaan  swamedikasi obat batuk, flu, dan demam pada anak-anak di wilayah Jabodetabek. Desain penelitian menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional dengan metode mixed method tipe embedded design. Data diperoleh dengan teknik consecutive sampling menggunakan kuesioner yang telah memenuhi syarat valid dan reliabel melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang diisi oleh 239 orang tua di Jabodetabek dan dianalisis menggunakan program IBM®SPSS® versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden menunjukkan pengetahuan (70,7%), sikap (84,1%), dan perilaku (94,6%) yang baik terkait swamedikasi anak. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan sikap (p = <0.001; r = 0.494), pengetahuan dan perilaku (p = <0.001; r = 0.278), serta sikap dan perilaku (p = <0.001; r = 0.381) terkait swamedikasi anak. Semakin baik pengetahuan dan sikap orang tua terhadap swamedikasi, semakin baik perilaku mereka dalam melakukan swamedikasi pada anak. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku swamedikasi antara responden berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, dan pendapatan (p <0.05). Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan dan status pekerjaan (p >0.05). Studi ini memberikan pemahaman tentang pola swamedikasi pada orang tua di Jabodetabek, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku swamedikasi.......The risk of medication errors in self-medication practices for pediatric patients is significant, including issues related to drug selection and dosing regimens that can negatively impact patient safety. Several studies have shown that self-medication practices can be influenced by the level of knowledge and attitudes held by patients. This research aims to analyze the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to self-medication for cough, flu, and fever medications in children in the Jabodetabek area. The design of this research is cross-sectional with a mixed-methods embedded design. Data was collected by using consecutive sampling technique using questionnaire that had fulfilled the validity and reliability test. Primary data was obtained from 239 parents in the Jabodetabek area and analyzed using IBM® SPSS® version 26. The research findings indicate that the majority of respondents demonstrated good knowledge (70.7%), attitudes (84.1%), and behaviors (94.6%) regarding self-medication practices for children. There were significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitudes (p = <0.001; r = 0.494), knowledge and behaviors (p = <0.001; r = 0.278), as well as attitudes and behaviors (p = <0.001; r = 0.381) regarding self-medication practices for children. The better the knowledge and attitudes of parents towards self-medication, the better their behaviors in practicing self-medication. There were significant correlation in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to self-medication among respondents based on age, gender, and income (p <0.05). However, no significant differences were found based on education level and employment status (p >0.05). This study provides insights into the patterns of self-medication practices among parents in the Jabodetabek area."

"The self-medication is an effort conducted by the community to cure theirselves using medicine, traditional medicine or others without health proffesional advice. The aims of this study are to know healthy ? illness concept, to know local language,symptoms, cause, prevention and curation of headache, fever, cough and commoncold, and the self- medication practice on the village community.This study using qualitative design and data was collected by depth interviewing from 12 key informans at Ciwalen village, Warungkondang sub-district, Cianjur district, West Java, in 1998. Key informans are the chief of RT, the chief of RW, the teachers of elementary school, the health cadres, and the housewives. Data were analyzedusing triangulation methode and confirmating the interview result to the key informans. The conclussion of this study are : The healthy-illness concept does not only physical aspect, but also social cultureaspect. The light illness - heavy illness concept depends on the physical condition of patient, the daily activity and the medication.The community use generally local language nyeri sirah for the headache, muriang for the fever, gohgoy for the cought and salesma for the common cold. The cause of illness is commonly their physical environment, include bacteria for the cought. The prevention of illness is generally conducted by avoiding its cause. The self medication practice generally use the medicine that were bought from the retail at their village, some of them use the traditional medicine. Reason of self-medication practice are light illness, inexpensive, time eficiency, and as a first aid before going to the health proffesional or health center. The selfmedication practice is improperly done, because the community mostly bought a small amount of medicine, so that the brochure of the medicine can not be read."

"ABSTRAKPraktik swamedikasi antibiotik dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan masyarakat seperti munculnya efek samping yang tidak diinginkan akibat kesalahan pengobatan serta masalah resistensi antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi swamedikasi antibiotik pada rumah tangga yang menyimpan obat di Indonesia serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan swamedikasi antibiotik di Indonesia. Studi ini merupakan studi cross sectional yang diambil dari Riskesdas 2013. Analisis dilakukan dengan cox regresi untuk mengetahui nilai hubungan (PRR) antara area tempat tinggal, waktu tempuh ke fasilitas kesehatan, kepemilikan asuransi dan status ekonomi dengan praktik swamedikasi antibiotik pada rumah tangga di Indonesia.Prevalensi praktik swamedikasi antibiotik pada rumah tangga yang menyimpan obat di Indonesia adalah 57,3%. Berdasarkan analisis multivariate, faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktik swamedikasi antibiotik adalah area tempat tinggal, jarak ke fasilitas kesehatan dan kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan meskipun nilai hubungan ini sangat kecil dengan nilai PRR 0,894 (95% CI 0,876-0,912). 0,931, 95% CI 0,931-0,969 dan 1,085, 95% CI 1,063-1,107) secara berturut-turut. Status ekonomi rumah tangga tidak berhubungan dengan praktik swamedikasi antibiotik. Pentingnya upaya peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai obat dan penggunaannya secara tepat perlu dilakukan terutama untuk masyarakat agar perilaku praktik swamedikasi antibiotik tidak lagi dilakukan.

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ABSTRACT

Self-medication with antibiotics is one of a public health problem. The objectives of this study are to find the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in household and the factors associated with antibiotic self-medication in Indonesia. The cross sectional survey method from Riskesdas 2013 was performed and analyzed with cox regression to find the factors that associated with self ? medication with antibiotic in household in Indonesia.

The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics on household that store drugs in Indonesia show result 57,3%. Based on multivariate analysis, the factors that associated with self-medication with antibiotics on household in Indonesia are living area, access to health facility and health insurance ownership PRR 0,894 95% CI 0,876-0,912, PRR 0,931, 95% CI 0,931-0,969 and 1,085, 95% CI 1,063-1,107, respectively. Economic status not associated with self-medication with antibiotic in Indonesia. Enhancing the knowledge and appropriate use of drugs especially for people in rural area is important, so that self-medication with antibiotics no longer applied."

"Tingginya persentase swamedikasi batuk dibandingkan dengan penyakit lain dapat menjadi pemicu timbulnya swamedikasi yang tidak rasional sehingga menyebabkan konsekuensi kesehatan yang serius. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengetahuan dan sikap pasien dewasa terhadap perilaku swamedikasi batuk di Jabodetabek. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan metode mixed method tipe embedded design. Metode perolehan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik consecutive sampling menggunakan kuesioner yang telah memenuhi uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer dengan total 139 responden dan dianalisis menggunakan IBM®SPSS® versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebesar 53,96% responden memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup, 81,29% responden memiliki sikap yang baik, dan 64,03% responden memiliki perilaku yang baik. Terdapat korelasi positif berkekuatan lemah antara pengetahuan swamedikasi batuk (p=0,000; r=0,285) dan sikap serta korelasi kuat positif antara sikap dan perilaku swamedikasi batuk (p=0,000; r=0,403). Namun tidak terdapat korelasi antara pengetahuan dan perilaku swamedikasi batuk responden (p=0,138; r=1,105). Hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku terhadap faktor sosiodemografi menunjukkan korelasi yang tidak bermakna (p>0.05). Oleh sebab itu, dapat disimpulkan semakin baik pengetahuan swamedikasi batuk responden maka semakin baik pula sikap swamedikasi batuk responden dan semakin baik sikap swamedikasi batuk responden maka semakin baik pula perilaku swamedikasi batuk yang ditunjukkan responden. Pada profil swamedikasi responden melakukan swamedikasi karena sudah mengetahui obat yang harus digunakan berdasarkan pengalaman dengan frekuensi swamedikasi dalam 3 bulan terakhir 1-2 kali. Responden memperoleh obat dari apotek dan mengandalkan pengalaman penggunaan obat pribadi/keluarga sebagai informasi obat mereka. Pada penggunaan obat batuk ditemukan responden yang menggunakan obat batuk kering untuk mengobati batuk berdahak......The high percentage of cough self-medication compared to other diseases can trigger irrational self-medication, causing serious health consequences. This study aims to analyze the effect of adult patient's knowledge and attitudes on cough self-medication practice in Jabodetabek. The research design is cross-sectional with mixed method type embedded design. The data was collected by using consecutive sampling technique using questionnaire that had fulfilled validity and reliability test. Primary data were collected with 139 samples and analyzed by IBM®SPSS® 25. The results showed that 53.96% of respondents had enough knowledge, 81.29% of respondents had a good attitude, and 64.03% respondents have good practice. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a positive weak correlation between self-medication knowledge (p=0,000; r=0,285) and attitudes and a positive strong correlation between self-medication attitudes and practice (p=0,000; r=0,403). There was no correlation between self-medication knowledge and practice (p=0,138; r=1,105). The relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practice towards sociodemographic factors showed no significant correlation (p>0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the higher respondent's self-medication knowledge, the better the self-medication attitude of respondents and the better self-medication attitude, the better self-medication behavior shown by respondents. In self-medication profile, respondents did self-medication because they already knew drug they used based on experience and self-medication frequency in last 3 months is 1-2 times. Respondents obtained drugs from pharmacies and relied on their personal/family drug use experience as their drug information. It was found that respondents used dry cough medicine to treat coughs with phlegm."

"Latar Belakang: Diare merupakan masalah kesehatan yang umum terjadi pada anak usia sekolah (5-12 tahun). Umumnya, gejala diare ringan dan disebabkan oleh infeksi virus yang bersifat self-limiting sehingga menimbulkan perilaku swamedikasi pada orang tua kepada anaknya. Perilaku swamedikasi perlu didasari oleh pengetahuan orang tua yang baik untuk mencapai penggunaan obat rasional. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan orang tua dengan pola swamedikasi diare pada anak usia sekolah (5-12 tahun) dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya di Tangerang dan sekitarnya. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain cross-sectional. Responden adalah orang tua yang memiliki anak 5-12 tahun dan berdomisili di Tangerang dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya serta disebarkan secara daring dalam bentuk Google Form. Analisis hubungan variabel dilakukan dengan menggunakan Kruskal Wallis dan Mann Whitney. Hubungan dinyatakan bermakna apabila p<0,05. Hasil: Prevalensi swamedikasi diare anak di penelitian ini sebesar 81,9% dengan mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik (59,6%) dan ketepatan pemilihan obat sebesar 84,9%. Tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan orang tua dengan ketepatan pemilihan obat diare anak (p = 0,511). Faktor yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan tingkat pengetahuan orang tua adalah jenis kelamin (p=0,036) dan pekerjaan (p=0,02). Faktor yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan ketepatan pemilihan obat diare anak adalah jenis kelamin (p=0,002). Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini, tingkat pengetahuan orang tua sudah tergolong baik. Namun, tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan orang tua dengan ketepatan pemilihan obat diare pada anak usia sekolah (5-12 tahun).......Introduction: Diarrhea is a common health problem that occurs in school-aged children (5-12 years old). Generally, the symptoms of diarrhea are mild and self-limiting and giving rise to self-medication behavior among parents towards their children. Self- medication behavior needs to be based on good parental knowledge to achieve rational drug use. Therefore, this research aims to determine the association between the level of parental knowledge and the pattern of self-medication for diarrhea in school-aged children (5-12 years old) and the influencing factors in Tangerang and surrounding areas. Method: This research was conducted with a cross-sectional design. Respondents are parents who have children aged 5-12 years and lived in Tangerang and surrounding areas. This research uses a questionnaire instrument that has been tested for validity and reliability and distributed online as Google Form. Analysis of variable association was carried out using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests. The association is declared significant if p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of self-medication for diarrhea in children in this study was 81.9% with the majority of respondents having a good level of knowledge (59.6%) and accuracy in drug selection was 84.9%. There was no significant association between parents’ knowledge level and the accuracy in children’s diarrhea drug selection (p=0.511). Factors that have a significant association with the level of parents’ knowledge are gender (p=0.036) and occupation (p=0.02). The factor that has a significant association with the accuracy in children’s diarrhea drug selections is gender (p=0.002). Conclusion: In this study, the level of parents’ knowledge was considered good. However, there was no significant association between parents’ knowledge level and the accuracy in children’s diarrhea drug selection in school-aged children (5-12 years)."

"Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan masyarakat khawatir melakukan perawatan gigi dan mulut di praktik dokter gigi akibat khawatir terpapar virus SARS-CoV-2 sehingga dapat menjadikan swamedikasi sebagai pilihan perawatan. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik swamedikasi orang tua serta perbedaan praktik swamedikasi dengan berbagai karakteristik orang tua. Metode: Studi potong lintang kepada 421 orang tua dengan anak usia 0-12 tahun di DKI Jakarta pada Agustus hingga Oktober 2021 menggunakan kuesioner daring berisi 21 pertanyaan. Digunakan uji Chi-Square dan dilanjutkan uji regresi logistik. Hasil: Mayoritas orang tua (73,9%) melakukan swamedikasi saat pandemi dengan obat yang utama digunakan adalah analgesik dan antibiotik, serta mayoritas mengetahui mengenai efek samping obat terhadap sistem pencernaan. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna praktik swamedikasi berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan orang tua, tingkat ekonomi orang tua, kekhawatiran orang tua ke dokter gigi saat pandemi, dan kemauan (willingness) orang tua membawa anak ke dokter gigi saat pandemi. Tingkat pendidikan orang tua dan kemauan orang tua membawa anak ke dokter gigi saat pandemi merupakan prediktor swamedikasi. Kesimpulan: Swamedikasi orang tua terhadap masalah gigi dan mulut pada penelitian memiliki prevalensi tinggi namun masih terdapat cara serta pengetahuan yang kurang tepat. Sehingga diperlukannya edukasi kepada orang tua untuk mengurangi risiko swamedikasi, terutama dalam penggunaan antibiotik.......Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused people to worry about getting dental care at a dentist's practice due to concerns about the SARS-CoV-2 virus, making self-medication a treatment option. Objective: To describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents' self-medication towards children's dental problems and to find out the significant differences in the practice of self-medication with various characteristics of parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 421 parents with children aged 0-12 years in DKI Jakarta from August to October 2021 using an online questionnaire containing 21 questions. Chi-Square test was used and continued with logistic regression. Results: Most parents (73.9%) self-medicated during the pandemic, with the primary drugs used being analgesics and antibiotics. The majority of parents knew about the side effects of drugs on the digestive system. There are significant differences in the practice of self-medication based on parents' education level, parents' economic level, parents' worries about going to the dentist during the pandemic, and the willingness of parents to take their children to the dentist during the pandemic. The level of parental education and the willingness of parents to take their children to the dentist during a pandemic are predictors of self-medication. Conclusion: In this study, parents' self-medication towards children's dental problems was highly prevalent, but some parents used inappropriate methods and knowledge. Thus, education is needed to reduce the risk of self-medication, especially in antibiotics."

"Latar Belakang Gejala common cold pada COVID-19 dan penyakit respirasi lain menyerupai satu sama lain sehingga seseorang yang mengalami gejala sering kali tidak melakukan perilaku preventif yang sesuai. Untuk mengatasi gejala tersebut, perilaku kesehatan yang sering diterapkan di masa pandemi COVID-19 adalah swamedikasi (self-medication). Swamedikasi ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan dan sikap karena perilaku kesehatan yang baik umumnya didahului oleh pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik juga. Akan tetapi, belum banyak studi yang meneliti hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap COVID-19 dengan swamedikasi common cold. Metode Penelitian dilakukan secara cross-sectional dengan data primer yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang sudah divalidasi oleh penelitian sebelumnya. Kuesioner yang digunakan menilai pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap COVID-19, serta perilaku swamedikasi masyarakat ketika mengalami gejala common cold. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon, dan sekitarnya sebagai wilayah binaan Pengabdian Masyarakat FKUI. Data dianalisis dengan uji Fisher dan dihitung rasio odds dengan interval kepercayaan 95%. Hasil analisis signifikan apabila p<0,05. Hasil Dari 94 responden, 86,2% memiliki pengetahuan baik, dan 95,7% memiliki sikap positif terhadap COVID-19. Sebanyak 95,7% responden mempraktikkan swamedikasi common cold. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat mengenai COVID-19 dengan swamedikasi common cold di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon dan sekitarnya. Kesimpulan Pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap COVID-19 di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon dan sekitarnya sudah tergolong baik. Selain itu, swamedikasi untuk gejala common cold merupakan perilaku kesehatan yang sering dilakukan oleh masyarakat di daerah tersebut. Maka dari itu, pengaturan kebijakan dan peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat melalui edukasi mengenai swamedikasi yang tepat perlu menjadi perhatian bagi Pemerintah dan stakeholder kesehatan lainnya.......Introduction Symptoms of the common cold in COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases resemble each other so someone who experiences these symptoms often do not carry out appropriate preventive behavior. In an attempt to alleviate these symptoms, the health behavior that is often practiced in the COVID-19 pandemic is self-medication. This selfmedication behavior can be influenced by knowledge and attitudes because good health behavior is generally preceded by good knowledge and attitudes as well. However, not many studies have examined the relationship between knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 and self-medication for the common cold. Method The research was done with a cross-sectional design with primary data obtained through questionnaires that had been validated by previous research. The questionnaire used assesses knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19, as well as people's self-medication behavior when experiencing symptoms of the common cold. The research was done in Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon, and surrounding areas as it is one of the areas supported by FKUI. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The results are significant if p value <0.05. Results Of the 94 respondents, 86,2% had good knowledge, and 95,7% had a positive attitude towards COVID-19. 95,7% of respondents practiced self-medication towards common cold. No significant differences were found between knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19 and self-medication for the common cold in Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon and its surrounding areas. Conclusion Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon and its surrounding areas are good. Self-medication for the common cold is a health behavior that is often carried out by the community in those areas. Therefore, setting regulations and increasing public awareness through education regarding proper self-medication for the common cold needs to be a concern for the government and other health stakeholders."

"Terjadinya pandemi COVID-19 membawa pengaruh terhadap sektor ekonomi. Tingkat kemiskinan di Kota Depok meningkat menjadi 2,58% di tahun 2021. Tingkat penularan yang cepat dan kasus yang meningkat mendorong pemerintah memberlakukan kebijakan pembatasan sosial sehingga berpotensi menurunkan kunjungan ke fasilitas kesehatan. Self-Medication menjadi salah satu alternatif piliahan yang dilakukan. Tren perilaku mengobati sendiri meningkat di Jawa Barat dari 73,32% di tahun 2019 menjadi 88,28% di tahun 2021. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa pengeluaran kesehatan rumah tangga untuk self-medication selama pandemi COVID-19 di Kota Depok dengan menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional untuk mengetahui pola dan faktor yang berkontribusi. Pertama adanya kenaikan dilihat dengan membandingkan kondisi sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19. Selanjutnya faktor yang berhubungan dianalisis menggunakan uji hubungan dan dilanjutkan dengan regresi Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran kesehatan rumah tangga untuk self-medication di Kota Depok meningkat selama pandemi COVID-19. Status pendidikan dan tingkat ekonomi berhubungan signifikan dan menunjukan arah hubungan yang positif dengan pengeluaran kesehatan rumah tangga untuk self-medication selama pandemi COVID-19. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan variabel tingkat ekonomi berpengaruh secara signifikan dimana semakin tinggi tingkat ekonomi maka pengeluaran kesehatan rumah tangga untuk self-medication selama pandemi COVID-19 semakin tinggi. Upaya pengawasan praktik self-medication khususnya penggunaan obat tanpa resep dari tenaga kesehatan menjadi hal utama untuk melindungi rumah tangga baik dari bahaya yang dapat ditimbulkan dan dari tambahan beban pengeluaran rumah tangga terutama kondisi pasca pandemi COVID-19.......The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the economic sector. The poverty rate in Depok City increased to 2.58% in 2021. The fast transmission rate and increasing cases have prompted the government to implement a social restriction policy that has the potential to reduce visits to health facilities. Self-medication is one of the alternative choices. The trend of self-medication behavior is increasing in West Java, from 73.32% in 2019 to 88.28% in 2021. This research was conducted to analyze household health expenditure for self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic in Depok City using data from the National Socioeconomic Survey to find patterns and contributing factors. First, there is an increase seen by comparing conditions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Then the related factors were analyzed using the relationship test, followed by Ordinary Least squares (OLS) regression. The results of the study show that household health expenditures for self-medication in Depok City increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Educational status and economic level are significantly related and show a positive relationship with household health expenditure for self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariate analysis shows that the economic level variable has a significant effect, where the higher the economic level, the higher the household health expenditure for self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts to monitor self-medication practices, especially the use of drugs without a prescription from health workers, are the main thing to do to protect households both from the dangers that can be caused and from the additional burden on household expenses, especially in post-pandemic conditions like COVID-19."