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"Latar Belakang: Gigi impaksi merupakan kondisi ketika gigi mengalami kegagalan untuk erupsi sepenuhnya ke lengkung gigi dalam waktu yang diharapkan. Berdasarkan frekuensi kejadiannya, gigi molar tiga rahang bawah (M3 RB) paling sering mengalami impaksi dengan prevalensi mencapai 60.6% di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor lokal utama terjadinya gigi M3 RB impaksi adalah kurangnya ruang pada lengkung rahang bawah yang sering dikaitkan dengan proses pertumbuhan tulang mandibula. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa ukuran morfologi tulang mandibula yang mencerminkan kuantitas dan arah pertumbuhan tulang seperti tinggi simfisis mandibula, panjang badan mandibula, dan sudut gonial berpotensi untuk mempengaruhi kejadian gigi M3 RB impaksi. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi hubungan kejadian gigi M3 RB impaksi dengan morfologi tulang mandibula. Metode: Sebanyak 110 sampel sisi rahang bawah diperoleh dari 67 data radiografi panoramik digital pasien RSKGM FKG UI (50 perempuan dan 17 laki-laki; usia: 21.22–30.91 tahun). Sampel yang tersedia kemudian dibagi menjadi kelompok kasus (sisi rahang dengan gigi M3 RB yang mengalami impaksi baik fully unerupted atau partially erupted) dan kelompok kontrol (sisi rahang dengan gigi M3 RB yang erupsi sempurna) untuk dilakukan perbandingan. Pada studi ini, uji-t independen dan uji Anova 1 arah digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan status impaksi gigi M3 RB dan klasifikasinya dengan morfologi tulang mandibula pada data berdistribusi normal. Di sisi lain, uji Mann-Whitney U dan Uji Kruskal Wallis digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan status impaksi gigi M3 RB dan klasifikasinya dengan morfologi tulang mandibula pada data berdistribusi tidak normal. Hasil: Tinggi simfisis mandibula dan sudut gonial secara statistik (p < 0.05) lebih rendah pada kelompok kasus. Sementara itu, panjang badan mandibula antara kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol tidak berbeda secara statistik (p > 0.05). Pada hasil tinjauan pasien laki-laki saja, tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan tinggi simfisis, panjang badan mandibula, dan sudut gonial antara kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol secara statistik (p > 0.05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan kejadian gigi M3 RB impaksi dengan ukuran tinggi simfisis dan sudut gonial. Semakin kecil ukuran tinggi simfisis dan sudut gonial, semakin besar kemungkinan gigi M3 RB mengalami impaksi. Di sisi lain, tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan kejadian gigi M3 RB impaksi dengan ukuran panjang badan mandibula.......Background: An impacted tooth is a condition when a tooth fails to fully erupt into the dental arch within the expected time. Based on the frequency of occurrence, the mandibular third molar (M3M) is the most frequently impacted with a prevalence of 60.6% in Indonesia. One of the main local factors for impacted M3M is the lack of space in the lower arch which is often associated with the growth process of the mandibular bone. Several studies have shown that the size of the mandibular bone morphology that reflects the quantity and direction of bone growth such as symphisis mandibular height, mandibular body length, and gonial angle has the potential to influence the occurance of impacted M3M. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the occurance of impacted M3M and mandibular bone morphology. Methods: A total of 110 samples of the mandibular side were obtained from 67 digital panoramic radiographic data of RSKGM FKG UI patients (50 women and 17 men; age: 21.22–30.91 years). The data were then divided into the case group (jaw side with M3M that were fully unerupted or partially erupted) and the control group (jaw side with M3M that fully erupted) for comparison. In this study, an independent t-test and 1-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the relationship between the impaction status of M3M and their classification with the morphology of the mandible in normally distributed data. On the other hand, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis test were used to analyze the relationship between the impaction status of the M3M tooth and its classification with the morphology of the mandible bone in abnormally distributed data. Results: Symphisis mandibular height and gonial angle were statistically (p < 0.05) lower in the case group. Meanwhile, the mandibular body length between the case group and the control group was not statistically different (p > 0.05). In the results of the review of male patients only, there was no statistical difference in symphisis height, mandibular body length, and gonial angle between the case group and control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the occurance of impacted M3M with the size of the symphisis height and gonial angle. The smaller the size of the symphisis height and gonial angle, the more likely the M3M to experience impaction. On the other hand, there was no relationship between the occurance of impacted M3M and mandibular body length."

"Latar Belakang: Letak dan geografis Negara Indonesia berkontribusi terhadap banyaknya kasus bencana alam yang muncul yang menyebabkan jatuhnya korban jiwa. Identifikasi usia penting untuk mengidentifikasi korban yang tidak diketahui serta terkait usia kritis yang terdapat di dalam dasar hukum undang-undang Indonesia. Dibutuhkan metode estimasi usia dengan keakuratan yang tinggi untuk digunakan dalam mengidentifikasi usia populasi Indonesia. Metode third molar maturity index modifikasi Cameriere oleh Balla dipublikasikan pada tahun 2019 yang mana menggunakan gigi molar ketiga pada radiograf untuk menentukan usia di populasi India. Metode ini belum pernah dibandingkan atau digunakan pada populasi lain. Metode estimasi usia lainnya adalah atlas London Al Qahtani (2010), dengan cara melihat tahap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan serta erupsi gigi geligi pada usia 30 minggu dalam uterus – 23 tahun. Oleh karena itu, peneliti ingin membuat persamaan regresi I3M baru dan membandingkan hasil estimasi usia dengan kedua metode tersebut pada populasi laki-laki Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengalisis keakuratan metode estimasi usia populasi laki-laki Indonesia berdasarkan metode third molar maturity index modifikasi Cameriere dibandingkan dengan persamaan regresi I3M Balla (2019) dan metode atlas London Al Qahtani (2010) pada rentang usia 8 – 22 tahun. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder radiograf panoramik digital. Sebanyak 108 sampel diperoleh dalam penelitian ini. Hasil: Dari hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan fungsi kubik memberikan korelasi terbaik antara variabel I3M dengan usia, yaitu 0,826. Pada hasil estimasi usia menggunakan persamaan regresi I3M baru berdasarkan populasi laki-laki Indonesia, didapatkan over-estimasi pada kelompok usia 8 – 11 tahun dan 16 – 19 tahun serta under- estimasi pada kelompok usia 12 – 15 tahun dan 20 – 22 tahun. Hasil perbandingan antara estimasi usia dari persamaan regresi I3M baru dengan persamaan regresi Balla (2019) dan metode atlas London Al Qahtani (2010) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna. Nilai mean absolute error (MAE) dari hasil estimasi menggunakan persamaan regresi I3M baru, persamaan regresi I3M Balla, dan atlas London Al Qahtani secara berurutan adalah 1,48 tahun, 2,08 tahun, dan 0,89 tahun. Kesimpulan: Uji estimasi usia menggunakan metode estimasi usia pada populasi laki-laki Indonesia berdasarkan metode third molar maturity index (I3M) modifikasi Cameriere pada rentang usia 8 – 22 tahun dan metode atlas London perkembangan dan erupsi gigi Al Qahtani (2010) dapat digunakan di Indonesia dengan tingkat akurasi ≤ 1 hingga ≥ 2 tahun, sedangkan persamaan regresi I3M oleh Balla (2019) kurang disarankan untuk digunakan pada populasi laki-laki Indonesia karena tingkat akurasinya ± 4 tahun pada kelompok usia muda dan dewasa.......Background: Indonesian geographic location contributes to the number of occurring natural disasters that lead to casualties. Age identification is important to identify unknown individual as well as their critical age as stated in the Indonesian law. A method of estimating age with high accuracy is essential to use in identifying Indonesian population’s age. Third Molar Maturity Index method Cameriere modification by Balla was published in 2019 where it uses third molar tooth from radiograph to determine the age of India’s population. This method was never been compared or used on different population. Another method of age estimation is atlas London Al Qahtani (2010), by observing the stage of growth and development as well as eruption of teeth at the age of 30 weeks in uterus – 23 years old. Therefore, the researcher wants to make the new I3M regression models and compare the age estimation result with both method on Indonesian male population. Objectives: Analyzing the accuracy of age estimation method on Indonesian male population according to third molar maturity index Cameriere modification method compared to I3M regression models by Balla (2019) and atlas London Al Qahtani method (2010) on the age range of 8 – 22 years old. Methods: Cross- sectional research using secondary data of digital panoramic radiograph. A number of 108 sample has been acquired in this research. Results: The results of the regression analysis showed that the cubic function provided the best correlation between the I3M and age variables, which is 0,826. The results of age estimation using the newly derived I3M regression models based on Indonesian male population, it was found that overestimation in the age group of 8 – 11 years old and 16 – 19 years old, also underestimation in the age group of 12 – 15 years old and 20 – 22 years old. The comparison analysis between newly derived I3M regression models with Balla’s (2019) regression models and the atlas London Al Qahtani (2010) showed a significant difference. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the age estimation results using the new I3M regression models, the Balla’s I3M regression models, and the atlas London Al Qahtani, are 1,48, 2,08, and 0,89 years, respectively. Conclusion: The test of age estimation using method of age estimation on Indonesian male population according to third molar maturity index (I3M) Cameriere modification on age 8 – 22 years old and atlas London method development and tooth eruption Al Qahtani (2010) can be applied in Indonesia with the accuracy level of ≤ 1 to ≥ 2 years old, meanwhile the I3M regression models by Balla (2019) is not recommended to be used on Indonesian male population due to its accuracy level of ±4 years old on young and adult groups."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Prakiraan usia untuk usia remaja dan dewasa muda penting dalam konteks hukum dan medikolegal. Pada periode usia ini hanya gigi molar tiga yang masih mengalami proses perkembangan.Tujuan: mengetahui korelasi antara usia kronologis dengan perkembangan gigi molar tiga pada orang Indonesia menggunakan aplikasi metode Demirjian.Metode: Jumlah sampel terdiri dari 407 radiograf panoramik orang Indonesia yang telah diketahui usia kronologis (8-25 tahun). Analisis atatistik menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson. Analisis regresi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan rumus regresi untuk perhitungan prakiraan usia.Hasil: Hasil uji korelasi Pearson, korelasi antara masing-masing gigi molar tiga dengan usia sangat kuat (> 0,75) dan (P<0,05). Didapatkan hubungan regresi model penjumlahan empat gigi molar tiga, tiga gigi molar tiga, dua gigi molar tiga dan satu gigi molar tiga.Kesimpulan terdapat korelasi yang sangat kuat antara usia kronologis dengan perkembangan gigi molar tiga pada orang Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT

Background: Age estimation to adolescence and young adults is important in the context of law and medicolegal. At this age period only third molars are still a process of development.

Objective: To know the correlation between chronological age with the development of the third molars in Indonesia using Application method of Demirjian.

Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 407 panoramic radiographs Indonesian people who have known chronological age (8-25 years). Statistical analysis using Pearson correlation test. Regression analysis was performed to obtain the regression formula for the calculation of the age estimation.

Results: The results of the Pearson correlation test, the correlation between each of the third molars with a very strong age (> 0.75) and (P <0.05). Regression models obtained relationship summation four third molars, three molars three, two and one third molars third molars.

Conclusion: there is a very strong correlation between chronological age with the development of third molars on the Indonesian people."

"Latar Belakang: Molar tiga merupakan gigi yang paling sering mengalami impaksi. Impaksi gigi molar tiga seringkali dikaitkan dengan berbagai macam kondisi patologis, salah satunya adalah karies pada molar tiga itu sendiri. Penelitian mengenai distribusi dan frekuensi karies pada molar tiga yang impaksi telah dilakukan di berbagai negara, namun di Indonesia masih sedikit penelitian yang membahas hal ini. Tujuan: Mengetahui distribusi dan frekuensi karies pada molar tiga yang impaksi di RSKGM FKG UI Periode Januari 2014-Desember 2016. Metode: Studi deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang didapat dari rekam medik pasien RSKGM FKG UI periode Januari 2014-Desember 2016. Hasil: Analisis dilakukan pada 442 kasus impaksi molar tiga yang diindikasikan untuk dilakukan tindakan odontektomi. Dari 442 molar tiga yang impaksi, sebanyak 136 gigi 30,8 mengalami karies. Karies paling banyak terjadi pada pasien usia 26-30 tahun 32,4. Karies lebih banyak ditemukan pada pasien laki-laki 55,1 dan pada elemen gigi 38 58,1. Karies paling sering terjadi pada molar tiga dengan impaksi mesioangular 72, kelas II 63,2, dan posisi A 80,1. Permukaan yang paling sering mengalami karies adalah permukaan oklusal 47,8. Sebagian besar karies yang terjadi pada molar tiga impaksi telah mencapai kateogori advanced 61,8. Kesimpulan: Distribusi dan frekuensi karies pada molar tiga paling banyak ditemukan pada pasien laki-laki dengan usia 26-30 tahun dan karies paling banyak ditemukan pada molar tiga dengan impaksi mesioangular IIA. ......Background: The third molar is the most common tooth to become impacted. Impacted third molar is often associated with various pathological conditions, one of which is dental caries in the third molar itself. Research about caries in impacted third molar had been done in some countries. However, in Indonesia, the research about this matter is currently limited. Aim: This research is conducted to see the frequency and distribution of caries in impacted third molar in RSKGM FKG UI from January 2014 ndash December 2016. Methods: The analysis was conducted on 442 cases of impacted third molar indicated for odontectomy. Results: From 442 cases of impacted third molar, 136 teeth 30.8 had dental caries. Dental caries mostly found in patients that were 26 30 in age 32.4. Dental caries mostly happen in man 55.1 and mostly found in mandibular left third molar 58.1. Mesioangular angulation 72, class II 63.2, and position A 80.1 impaction are the most common. Caries mostly found in the occlusal surface of the impacted third molar 47,8 . Most of the caries found in the third molar are classified into the advanced category 61.8. Conclusion Caries in impacted third molar mostly found in male patient that were 26 30 in age and mostly found in third molar with mesioangular IIA classification."

"Gigi molar tiga merupakan gigi yang paling sering mengalami impaksi. Distribusi dan frekuensi impaksi gigi molar tiga yang mengakibatkan karies pada gigi molar dua dapat diteliti lebih lanjut. Tujuan : Melihat dan menganalisis distribusi frekuensi karies pada gigi molar dua terkait impaksi gigi molar tiga rahang bawah berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin. Bahan dan metode : Analisis dilakukan pada 442 kasus impaksi gigi pasien RSKGM FKG UI periode Januari 2014-Desember 2016 dengan melihat data sekunder pasien. Hasil : Jumlah kasus karies pada gigi molar dua terkait impaksi gigi molar tiga rahang bawah pada jenis kelamin perempuan lebih besar dibanding jenis kelamin laki-laki dengan perbandingan persentase 54.9 : 45.1 atau 1,2 : 1. Sedangkan untuk kelompok usia yang mengalami kasus karies terkait impaksi gigi molar tiga rahang bawah berturut-turut adalah sebagai berikut : kelompok usia 16-25 tahun 42.4, 26-35 tahun 42.4, 36-45 tahun 12.5, 46-55 tahun 2.2, 55-65 tahun 0 dan 66-75 0.5. Kesimpulan : Kelompok usia 21-25 tahun berjenis kelamin perempuan lebih rentan mengalami karies pada gigi molar dua terkait impaksi gigi molar tiga. ......Impacted third molars often occur. Frequency and distribution of impacted third molars accociated with caries on second molars needs to be investigated. Aim: To know and analyze the frequency distribution of caries on second molars associated with impacted mandibular third molars based on age group and gender. Method: 442 Medical records of patients with impacted teeth in RSKGM FKG UI period of Januari 2014 December 2016 were analyzed. Results: Female were more involved than male with percentage of 54.9 45,1 or 1,2 1. Based on age group, caries on second molars associated with impacted mandibular third molars are age group 16 25 years old 42.4, 26 35 years old 42.4, 36 45 years old 12.5, 46 55 years old 2.2, 55 65 years old 0 and 66 75 0.5. Conclusion: Female within the age group of 21 25 years old have the highest risk in caries on second molars associated with thirs molars impaction. "

"Latar Belakang: Angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah impaksi berpengaruh terhadap frekuensi timbulnya berbagai keadaan patologis di rongga mulut. Di sisi lain, jarak antara distal gigi molar 2 rahang bawah dan ascending ramus memiliki pengaruh terhadap keberhasilan erupsi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin dan suku berpotensi untuk mempengaruhi kedua hal tersebut. Tujuan: Meneliti hubungan antara angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah impaksi dan jarak dari distal gigi molar 2 rahang bawah ke ascending ramus dengan jenis kelamin dan suku. Metode: Radiograf panoramik diperoleh dari rekam medik pasien RSKGM FKG UI periode Januari 2018 – Desember 2018. Hasil perhitungan dihubungkan ke deskripsi jenis kelamin dan suku pasien yang tertera pada rekam medik. Hasil Penelitian: Hubungan antara jenis kelamin terhadap jarak dari distal gigi molar 2 ke ascending ramus menujukkan nilai p = 0.016 (p < 0.05). Hubungan antara jenis kelamin terhadap angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah menunjukkan nilai p = 0.28 (p >0.05). Hubungan antara suku terhadap jarak antara gigi molar 2 ke ascending ramus dan angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah menunjukkan nilai p >0.05. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin pasien dan jarak dari distal gigi molar 2 rahang bawah ke ascending ramus. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin dan angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah impaksi. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara suku dengan angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah impaksi dan jarak dari distal gigi molar 2 ke ascending ramus.......Background: Impacted mandibular third molar angulation is related to several pathological oral conditions. The width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus influences the likelyhood of there being an impacted mandibular third molar. Several studies suggests that both gender and ethnicity may play a role on determining the former and latter. Objective: Study the influence of patient gender and ethnicity towards impacted mandibular third molar angulation and width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus. Method: Patient medical records containing panoramic radiographs are collected. Measurements of angulation and space width are conducted using a ruler and ruler arc. Measurement results will be correlated to patient gender and ethnicity written on medical record. Result: Relationship between patient gender and width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus resulted in a p value of 0.016 (p < 0.05). Relationship between gender and mandibular third molar angulation resulted in a p value of 0.28 (p > 0.05). The impact of ethnicity towards both mandibular third molar angulation and width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus resulted in a p value higher than 0.05. Conclusion: Gender has a significant influence on the width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus. Gender and ethnicity has an insignificant influence on mandibular third molar angulation. Ethnicity has an insignificant influence on the width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus."

"Impacted third mandibular molar seems as a common and easy case but actually a difficult one when the odontectomy proceeds. besides, another unpredicted problems ofte appear such as fractured lip, traumatized and damaged of the mandibular canal. To decide the odontectomy procedure, a dentist has to do the examination systematically. In this case, radiographic examination is very important to perceive the location as well as shape of the third molar, especially its position to the adjacent anatomic structure that has to be considered during operation. This whole view will help dentist to decide appropriate approach.A special radiographic examination enables dentist to predict the treatment result more accurately, since the location and shape of the tooth correctly perceived. With this more complete diagnostic information, an appropriate treatment plan could be arranged and unfavorable risk could be limited, therefore complication and failure could be avoided."

"Alveolar osteitis (AO) continues to be a significant postoperative problem associated with the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. This study aims to investigate the prevalence differences of AO between female and male patients with postoperative surgical removal of these teeth. An ex post facto approach was used, with a total of 60 cases of removed impacted third molars recorded from 24 female and 38 male patients. an incidence of AO was defined to imply a painful condition that occurs after the surgical removal of teeth, usually beginning 3 to 5 days after surgery. Also, on examination the tooth socket appears to be empty with a partially or completely lost blood clot, and the bone surfaces of the socket are exposed. The results were analyzed using Chi-square test and showed significant differences in the prevalence of AO between male and female patients (a < 0.05). The prevalence of AO was 41.7% in female and 16.7% in male patients. In conclusion, female patients show a significantly higher prevalence of AO than male patients."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kecemasan dental merupakan respon stress pasien terhadap keadaan spesifik terkait perawatan dental. Ekstraksi gigi molar tiga mandibula impaksi merupakan perawatan dalam bedah kedokteran gigi yang paling sering menimbulkan kecemasan. Musik mengambil peran dalam mengurangi kecemasan pasien saat prosedur ekstraksi tersebut. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh musik pilihan pasien pada saat ekstraksi gigi molar tiga mandibula impaksi terhadap kecemasan dan membandingkannya dengan musik klasik. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental single-blinded acak dengan kontrol di RSKGM FKG UI. Intervensi menggunakan musik dengan alat BoseÒ SoundWearÔ untuk memutarkan musik. Subjek penelitian dibagi dalam 3 kelompok : Musik Pilihan Pasien, Musik Klasik, dan Kontrol (tanpa musik). Operator ekstraksi adalah Mahasiswa Program Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Spesialis Bedah Mulut FKG UI. Pengukuran kecemasan menggunakan MDAS, APAIS, VAS, dan mengukur tanda vital. Pengukuran tanda vital, tekanan darah dan frekuensi nadi, menggunakan OMRON HEM-7130, JAPAN. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS dengan analisis bivariat Paired T-Test dan Independent T-Test pada setiap kelompoknya. Hasil : Terdapat pengurangan rata rata skor total tingkat kecemasan antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada kelompok (A) musik pilihan pasien dan kelompok (B) musik klasik yang diukur dengan MDAS, APAIS, dan VAS (p < 0,05). Kelompok kontrol menunjukkan peningkatan tekanan darah dan frekuensi nadi sesudah intervensi (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan : Musik pilihan pasien dan musik klasik memberikan efek dalam mengurangi kecemasan pasien yang diukur dengan MDAS, APAIS, dan VAS dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan musik."

"Teeth dimension is the factor influenced the incidence of tooth impaction. The most related factor with teeth dimension is teeth form. This study was aimed to determine the effect of teeth form on the incidence of lower third impaction. It was carried out on Buginese and Torajanese in South Sulawesi Indonesia. The samples consist of 115 Buginese and 115 Torajanese , the age range from 20-25 years old with all natural mandibular teeth including second molar. After impression of both upper and lower teeth was taken , each tooth form was determined by measurement with trubite tooth indicator. The frequency distribution and coefficient corelation analysis test showed that there was no significant difference between teeth form and incidence of lower third molar impaction in Buginese and Torajanese as well as the sex. Generally, Buginese hare ovoid while Torajanese hare square teeth form."