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Abstrak :
Pemerintah telah menerbitkan beberapa kebijakan hukum yang mengatur terkait pandemi Covid-19 diantaranya ialah penetapan pandemi Covid-19 sebagai bencana nasional non alam dan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). Adanya dua kebijakan tersebut direspon dengan melakukan langkah efisiensi bagi perusahaan minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dapatkah pandemi Covid-19 dijadikan sebagai dasar penyimpangan perjanjian kerja dan sebagai salah satu alasan efisiensi perusahaan dalam menghindari Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK). Jenis metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan Tesis ini adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan sumber data sekunder yakni melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penulisan ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan (library research) dimana data-data tersebut selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hal tersebut bukan sebagai alasan penyimpangan perjanjian kerja tetapi lebih ditekankan pada renegosiasi ulang terhadap perjanjian kerja yang terkena dampak akibat pandemi Covid-19 berakhir pada musyawarah dan mufakat dalam hal ini pemberi kerja tetap diwajibkan untuk mengadakan dialog kepada Pekerja dengan menggunakan lembaga kerjasama bipatrit. Pihak pemberi kerja tetap harus memperhatikan hak-hak normative pekerja dalam melakukan kegiatan efisiensi perusahaan. ......The government has issued several legal policies that regulate the Covid-19 pandemic, including the designation of the Covid-19 pandemic as a non-natural national disaster and Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB). Responding to these two policies by taking efficiency measures for oil and gas companies in Indonesia, this study aims to find out whether the Covid-19 pandemic can be used as a basis for deviations from work agreements and as one of the reasons for company efficiency in avoiding Termination of Employment (PHK). The type of method used in writing this thesis is a normative legal research method using secondary data sources, namely through statutory approaches, conceptual approaches and case approaches. The data collection technique at this writing uses library research where the data is then analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study conclude that are not a reason for deviations from work agreements but more emphasis on renegotiating work agreements affected by the end of the Covid-19 pandemic in deliberation and consensus, in this case the employer is still required to hold a dialogue with workers using a bipartite cooperation institution. The employer must still pay attention to the normative rights of workers in carrying out company efficiency activities.

Abstrak :
Pekerjaan (manual handling) yang dilakukan oleh pekerja unit mixing dan supplying di line PPIC PT X berisiko untuk menimbulkan keluhan subjektif nyeri punggung bawah. Faktor risiko yang menjadi fokus penelitian adalah faktor risiko manual handling dengan menambahkan faktor risiko individu sebagai faktor pendukung. Pengukuran faktor risiko manual handling dilakukan menggunakan metode REBA sedangkan faktor risiko individu diperoleh dengan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan terdapat dua aktivitas yang memiliki risiko ergonomi tinggi antara lain adalah aktivitas mengambil kantung sak dari palet dan mengangkat kantung sak ke dalam mesin mixing. Hasil penelitian juga mendapatkan faktor kebiasaan merokok dan kebiasaan olahraga menjadi faktor risiko individu yang dapat memperberat tingkat keluhan nyeri punggung bawah. Pengadaan alat vacuum dan pneumatic scissor lift akan mengurangi faktor risiko manual handling sehingga tingkat risiko dan keluhan low back pain akan menurun. ......Job (manual handling) which has been doing by unit mixing and supplying workers in line PPIC PT X has risk to cause subjective complaints of low back pain. The focus of this research is manual handling risk factor with adding the individual risk factors as contributing factor. Measurement of manual handling risk factor were calculated using REBA method and individual risk factors was obtained by interview. The result of this research explain, there are two activities that have high ergonomic risk level. That activities is taking sac from pallet and lifting sac into mixing machine. The result also acquire that the habit of smoking and exercise from individual factors can aggravate the level complaints of low back pain. Procurement of vacuum and pneumatic scissor lift will reduce manual handling risk factors and the level of risk and complaints of low back pain will decrease.

Abstrak :
Setiap pekerjaan memiliki risiko terjadinya kecelakaan kerja dan sakit akibat kerja, tidak terkecuali di unit perawatan intensif. Perawatan yang intensif dan komplek serta kondisi yang dinamis membuat unit perawatan intensif menjadi tempat dengan risiko tinggi bahaya kerja, apalagi di situasi pandemi COVID-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi bahaya pada perawat unit perawatan intensif di masa pandemi COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan observasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat bahaya kerja pada perawat unit perawatan intensif dari segi bahaya fisik, bahaya biologi, bahaya kimia, bahaya psikososial, bahaya ergonomi, serta bahaya akibat kondisi kerja. Risiko bahaya ini meningkat dalam kondisi pandemi COVID-19, terutama pada bahaya biologi terkait transmisi virus COVID-19 dan bahaya psikososial karena menghadapi pandemi yang tidak kunjung selesai. Strategi untuk meminimalkan risiko bahaya kerja sudah dilakukan dengan adanya pelatihan dan orientasi terkait keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja serta modifikasi lingkungan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah potensi bahaya kerja pada perawat unit intensif masih perlu dilakukan pengendalian secara optimal. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu pengembangan pengendalian bahaya kerja bagi perawat. ......Every job has the risk of work accidents and work-related illnesses, including the intensive care unit. Intensive and complex care and dynamic conditions make the intensive care unit a place with a high risk of work hazards, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential dangers to intensive care unit nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with an observational approach. The results showed that there are occupational hazards in intensive care unit nurses in terms of physical hazards, biological hazards, chemical hazards, psychosocial hazards, ergonomic hazards, and hazards due to working conditions. The risk of this danger increases in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the biological hazards associated with the transmission of the COVID-19 virus and the psychosocial hazards due to the ongoing pandemic. Strategies to minimize the risk of occupational hazards have been carried out with training and orientation related to occupational safety and health as well as environmental modification. This study concludes that the potential for occupational hazards in intensive unit nurses still needs to be controlled optimally. The results of this study are expected to assist the development of occupational hazard control for nurses.

Abstrak :
Pengemudi bis antar kota adalah profesi yang bertanggung jawab terhadap keselamatan banyak jiwa, tidak hanya para penumpang yang dibawanya namun juga para pengguna jalan yang lain. Untuk itu dibutuhkan stamina dan kondisi fisik yang prima agar mereka dapat bekerja dengan baik. Sementara cara kerja yang cukup melelahkan serta beberapa perilaku kurang baik yang banyak dilakukan oleh para pengemudi bis antar kota ini membuat mereka rentan terkena gangguan kesehatan antara lain hipertensi. Hasil skrining kesehatan pada pengemudi bis antar kota yang dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2015 di terminal Poris Plawad Tangerang didapatkan kejadian hipertensi sebesar 25 %. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya masalah hipertensi dan hubungannya dengan faktor pekerjaan serta faktor lain pada pengemudi bis antar kota di terminal Poris Plawad Tangerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang, dimana dilakukan pengukuran tekanan darah serta wawancara terhadap responden. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap 84 responden, didapatkan prevalensi hipertensi sebesar 57,1 %, dan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara Indeks Masa Tubuh berlebih dengan kejadian hipertensi pada pengemudi bis antar kota di terminal Poris Plawad Tangerang ini. Dimana pengemudi dengan indeks masa tubuh berlebih memiliki risiko sebesar 16 kali untuk terkena hipertensi dibandingkan dengan pengemudi dengan indeks masa tubuh normal. ......Inter city bus driver is a profession that is responsible for the safety of many people, not only his passengers but also other road users. It requires good performance so that they can work well and safely. Exhausting way of working as well as some bad behavior which is mostly done by this inter city bus drivers have made them susceptible to health problems such as hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases. The results of inter city bus drivers’s health screening in Poris Plawad bus station Tangerang held on July 2015 found the prevalence of hypertension is 25 %. The purpose of this study is to determine hypertension problems and it relations with work related and other factors among the inter city bus drivers in Poris Plawad Bus Station Tangerang. This study using cross sectional method, with examination of respondent’s blood pressure and also some interviews for collecting other data. From 84 respondents it was found that the prevalence of hypertension was 57,1% and there was a significant relationship between body mass index and hypertension, which is the drivers with overweight had 16 times risk to have hypertension compare with them with normal weight.

Abstrak :
Tingginya jumlah pekerja berdampak pada munculnya masalah kesehatan akibat kerja. Gangguan otot rangka merupakan salah satu penyakit akibat kerja akibat tidak diterapkannya posisi ergonomis. Pengetahuan berperan penting dalam membentuk perilaku ergonomis. Kondisi saat ini menunjukkan banyak pekerja tidak menerapkan posisi ergonomis saat bekerja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan penerapan posisi kerja ergonomis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif korelatif potong lintang dengan besar sampel sebanyak 150 pekerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan penerapan posisi kerja ergonomis pvalue.

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The high number of workers has an impact on the emergence of health problems due to work. Work related musculoskeletal disorder is one of the occupational diseases caused by the absence of ergonomic position. Knowledge of ergonomics position has a n important roles to formed the ergonomics behaviour. Current conditions showed that many workers do not apply ergonomic positions while working. The aim of study was to determine the correlation of knowledge level with practice of ergonomic work position. This study used descriptive correlational, crossectional approach with a large sample of 150 workers. The result of study showed that there was a significant correlation between knowledge with the practice of ergonomic working position value.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di negara berkembang maupun negara maju.1 Pada tahun 2007, sekitar 23,6 juta orang Amerika menderita DM, dimana sebagian besar adalah pekerja.2 Penelitian oleh Poulsen (2014) menemukan bahwa 3,5% petugas kesehatan menderita DM selama periode pengamatan 7 tahun.3 Informasi mengenai dampak kerja shift terhadap kontrol glikemik pada pada pekerja yang memiliki DM tipe 2 masih belum banyak diketahui. Metode Kasus wanita berusia 52 tahun bekerja sebagai perawat di rumah sakit, mengikuti jadwal shift malam dan telah didiagnosis DM tipe 2 sejak 7 tahun lalu. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui pencarian elektronik (PubMed dan ProQuest) serta hand searching dengan kata kunci “kontrol glukosa darah”, “diabetes mellitus tipe 2”, “kerja shift” dan “kerja shift malam” yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil Hasil pencarian didapatkan 92 studi dan 3 studi yang relevan ditemukan dengan desain potong lintang. Studi oleh Manodpitipong (2017) menunjukkan bahwa kerja shift malam dikaitkan dengan HbA1c yang lebih tinggi (p = 0,044) dibandingkan dengan kerja siang hari. Studi oleh Chalernvanichakorn (2008) memberikan hasil kontrol glikemik yang baik secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada pekerja harian dibandingkan pekerja shift (28,3% vs 15,8%) dengan p = 0,02. Studi oleh Ghazawy (2013) menunjukkan bahwa HbA1c lebih tinggi di antara pekerja dengan diabetes yang melakukan kerja shift dibandingkan dengan pekerja yang hanya bekerja siang hari (p = 0,01). Kerja shift sendiri berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengendalian diabetes (p = 0,04), dengan OR = 3,83 (1,02 – 14,34). Kesimpulan Bukti penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara kerja shift malam dengan kontrol glikemik yang buruk pada pekerja dengan DM tipe 2. Pekerja shift malam berisiko 2-3 kali memiliki kontrol glikemik yang buruk daripada pekerja non-shift. Bukti yang ditemukan dalam studi Manodpitipong dan Chalernvanichakorn dapat diterapkan pada pasien ini karena karakteristik subjek penelitian yang sama. ......Background Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered to be one of a major problem in both developing and industrialized countries.1 As of 2007, approximately 23.6 million Americans have diabetes, most of whom are or wish to be participating members of the workforce.2 Research by Poulsen et al., (2014) found that 3.5% of health workers had diabetes during the 7-year observation period.3 A person with diabetes should be individually assessed to determine whether or not that person can safely and effectively perform the particular duties of the job in question.2 Shift work is considered to be disruptive to normal diurnal biological rhythms and has been associated with many health problems.4 Observational studies revealed that night-shift work is associated with increased risk of prevalent diabetes and incident diabetes.7 Information regarding the impact of shift work on blood glucose control or glycemic state in workers who have a history of type 2 diabetes is still not widely known. Method The case is about a 52-year-old female who worked as a nurse in non-intensive ward of government hospital and performed night shift work. She has been diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for seven years . A literature search was conducted through PubMed and ProQuest and also performed with the hand searching method. The inclusion criteria of this search strategy were systematic review, cohort study, worker with type 2 DM, shift work, blood glucose control and glycemic control. The exclussion criteria were articles not in english and inaccessible full text article. Then, they were critically appraised based on Center of Evidence- Based Medicine, Oxford University, Critical Appraisal for Etiology. Result Three relevant studies were found through literature searching and all of those studies were cross sectional design. The first study by Manodpitipong, et al.(2017) showed that night shift work was associated with significantly higher haemoglobin A1c (p = 0.044) compared with day work. While there were no differences between unemployed participants and day workers (p = 0.572). The second study conducted by Chalernvanichakorn, et al.(2008) give result that good glycemic control was significantly higher in day workers versus shift workers (28.3% vs 15.8%) with p = 0.02. A higher proportion of shift workers had hypoglycemic symptoms compared to day workers (42.5% vs. 26.7%). The third study by Ghazawy, et al.(2013) showed that HbA1c was significant higher levels among diabetic shift workers compared to diabetic day-time workers (p=0.01), where mean of current shift workers and former shift workers were 7.8±1.9 and 8.4±2.6, compared to 6.3±1.1. Shift work itself has a significant effect on control of diabetes (p = 0.04), with an OR = 3.83 (1.02 – 14.34), whereas age, duration of diabetes, BMI and waist circumference had no significant effect. Conclusion The research evidence found from the three studies above shows that there is association between night shift work and poor glycemic control in workers with type 2 DM. But the causation effect between the two variables cannot be determined yet, because there are many confounding factors that influence it. Night shift workers are two to three times more likely to have poor glycemic control than non-shift workers. The evidence found in the two study (Manodpitipong and Chalernvanichakorn) can be applied to our patient because of the same characteristic: female, diabetic worker, involved in night shift work. For future studies, cohort research should be conducted to find causality between shift work and glycemic control. Recommendation to our patient is to pay more attention to diet and adhere to treatment. It is necessary to inform the doctor that she is involved in shift work so that the doctor will provide a suitable regimen and diet for the patient.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini berisi pembahasan terkait dengan strategi koping yang digunakan pekerja PT Pegadaian saat menjalankan work from home dilihat dari disiplin Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena keadaan stress pekerja yang berdampak pada terganggunya peran dari pekerja sebagai orang tua serta sebagai pekerja PT Pegadaian. Terganggunya peran tersebut mempengaruhi keberfungsian sosial diri pekerja PT Pegadaian di masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan stressor pekerja PT Pegadaian yang menjalankan work from home serta strategi koping yang dilakukan oleh pekerja tersebut dalam menghadapi stressor terkait. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sejak September 2021 sampai Mei 2022. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penenlitian adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik pemilihan informan menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam secara daring dan luring dengan enam informan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat stressor dari pekerja yang menjalankan work from home. Adapun stressor yang dirasakan oleh pekerja adalah perbedaan situasi bekerja, distraksi anak, jaringan yang tidak stabil dan komunikasi dan koordinasi yang sulit. Adanya stressor tersebut menimbulkan berbagai macam reaksi yang dirasakan oleh pekerja PT Pegadaian dimulai dari reaksi fisik, reaksi emosional, reaksi psikologis dan reaksi kognitif. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi koping untuk mengurangi situasi menekan yang memiliki dampak terhadap peran pekerja di masyarakat. Mekanisme koping yang digunakan pekerja PT Pegadaian adalah berupa emotion-focused coping dan problem-focused coping. Pekerja yang menggunakan emotion focused coping berusaha untuk meredakan atau mengelola stresnya secara emosional, pekerja PT Pegadaian melakukan koping tersebut dengan melihat sisi positif dari situasi yang ada, beristirahat sejenak, mencari hiburan, dan bercerita keluh kesah. Pekerja PT Pegadaian yang menggunakan problem-focused coping melakukan tindakan untuk mencari penyelesaian permasalahan dengan cara menyingkirkan distraksi oleh anak, mengelola waktu kegiatan, serta beradaptasi dengan keadaan. Adapun pendukung dari proses coping pekerja PT Pegadaian saat work from home adalah situasi yang tenang, bantuan dari orang lain, ataupun support emosional. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat berkontribusi pada pengembangan materi perkuliahan di program studi strata 1 Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial FISIP UI yaitu manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam organisasi pelayanan kemanusiaan dan pengantar psikologi bagi kesejahteraan sosial, terkait strategi kopin. ......This study contains the coping strategies used by PT Pegadaian workers when carrying out work from home which is seen in the discipline of Social Welfare Studies. This research is inspired by the stress of workers which has an impact on the disruption of the roles of workers as parents and as employees of PT Pegadaian. The disruption of these roles affects the social functioning of PT Pegadaian workers in society. This study aims to describe the stressors of PT Pegadaian workers working from home and the coping strategies carried out by PT Pegadaian workers when doing work from home. This research was conducted from September 2021 to May 2022. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach and the type of the research is descriptive with the informant selection technique using purposive sampling. Data were collected using in-depth online and offline interviews with six informants. The results of this study indicate stressors for workers working from home. The stressors felt by workers are differences in work situations, children's distractions, unstable networks, and difficult communication and coordination. The existence of these stressors causes various kinds of reactions that were being felt by PT Pegadaian workers starting from physical reactions, emotional reactions, psychological reactions, and cognitive reactions. Therefore, a coping strategy is needed to reduce stressful situations that have an impact on the role of workers in society. The coping mechanisms used by PT Pegadaian workers are emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping. Workers used emotional focused coping to relieve or manage their stress emotionally, PT Pegadaian workers did the coping by looking at the positive side of the existing situation, taking short breaks, seeking entertainment, and telling stories of complaints. PT Pegadaian workers using problem-focused coping find solutions to problems by getting rid of distractions by children, managing activity time, and adapting to circumstances. The supporting factors of the coping process of PT Pegadaian workers working from home are calm situations, help from others, or emotional support. The results of the research expect to have the contributions for Social Welfare Studies course concerning the coping strategies for work stress and contribute to lecture materials development on human resource management in humanitarian service organizations and an introduction to psychology for social welfare.